Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Transport
19.1 Transport System in Humans
1. The human transport system is called The Circulatory System .
a. It consists of Heart, thousands of Blood Vessels and Blood which flows
inside these vessels.
2. Structure and function of the human heart
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iii. Blood flow in veins is helped by the Valves, which prevent blood from
flowing backwards.
iv. The contraction of skeletal muscles also helps blood flow in one
direction inside veins.
4. Path of blood flow in the circulatory system
a. The human circulatory system is called a Double Circulatory System
because the blood in the body is pumped twice through the heart.
b. The human circulatory system can be divided into two parts.
i. The Pulmonary Circulation it goes from the heart to lungs
and back to the heart.
ii. The Systematic Circulation it goes from the heart to all
parts of the body except the lungs and back to the heart.
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1. Vena Cava
Vena Cava
Valves are present
Carries deoxygenated blood
Blood flows through the blood vessel
slowly
Pulmonary Vein
Valves are present
Carries oxygenated blood
Blood flows through the blood vessel
slowly
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Vocabulary
o Upper epidermis
o Lower epidermis
o Vascular bundle
o Pith
o Cambium
o Cortex
5. Wilting
a. In the morning, the stem of non-woody plant is upright and the leaves are
well spread out because the cells are turgid .
In the afternoon, the stem is no longer upright and the leaves droop or wilt
because there is not enough water inside the plant.
b. On the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf are tiny pores called Stomata
(Stoma in singular form), usually more stomata on the lower surface of a leaf.
6. Transpiration and function of stomata
a. What is Transpiration?
It is defined as the loss of water in a form of water vapour.
b. The water vapour evaporates through the stomata on the leaves and lenticels
on the stem of a plant.
i. Stomata is a tiny pore between two bean-shaped cells called Guard
Cells, which contains chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis
during day time.
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