Muscle tissue

Muscle tissue
and and
physiology of
physiology ofmuscle
contraction
muscle
contraction
 Introduction
 Muscles are a unique form of tissue
that transform energy into motion.
Everything your mind conceives is
transmitted to your muscles to
perform. The words you speak, the
expression on your face, the motion of
your fingers as you write or play an
instrument are possible only because
of muscular movement. Even more,
muscles operate behind the scenes to
propel blood through blood vessels,
drive the flow of air into and out of the
lungs, digest food, and produce body
heat. Indeed, this
sophisticated tissue helps sustain life.

The body contains over 600 muscles, which comprise about

40% of an adult’s body weight.
4 Major Properties Of
Muscle
 Electrical excitability
 Contractibility
 Extensibility
 Elasticity
 Electrical excitability
• This means that they are capable of
receiving stimulation and responding to
stimulation from nerves.
 Contractibility

After receiving stimulation

they are capable of
contracting or shortening.
 extensibility
A muscle can be stretched
without damage by the
application of force.
Muscle is able to return to its original resting shape
and length after being contracted or extended.
Function of muscles
Producing body movements.
Stabilizing body positions .
Storing and moving substances within the body
Generating heat.
Cardiac muscle
Found only in the heart
• Consists of short, branching fibers that fit together at
intercalated discs
• Appears striped, or striated, when viewed under a microscope
• Is a type of involuntary muscle because it contracts automatically
Smooth
 Skeletal muscle

Attached to bone and causes movement of the body

• Known as voluntary muscle because it can be contracted at will
• Appears markedly striated when examined with a microscope
Smooth muscle

Smooth Muscle
• Found in the digestive tract, blood vessels, bladder, airways, and uterus
• Does not appear striped when viewed under a microscope, so is called nonstriated
• Known as involuntary muscle, because it contracts automatically (such as when the digestive
tract processes food
Skeletal muscle tissue
Each of your skeletal muscles is a separate
organ composed of hundreds
to thousands of cells, which are called
muscle fibers (myocytes)
because of their elongated shapes. Thus,
muscle cell and muscle fiber
are two terms for the same structure.
Skeletal muscle also contains connective
tissues surrounding muscle fibers, and blood
vessels and nerves .
To understand how contraction of skeletal
muscle
can generate tension, you must first
understand its gross and microscopic
anatomy.
Connective tissue components in
muscle
 Connective tissue surrounds
and protects muscular
tissue.
 It consist of
1.Subcutaneous layer or
hypodermis.
2.Fascia
3.The three layers of
connective tissue extend from
the fascia to protect and
strengthen skeletal muscle
.They are;
 Epimysium
 Perimysium
 Endomysium
TRANSVERSE SECTION OF
MUSCLE

Subcutaneous layer or
hypodermis
 Separates muscle from skin .
 Composed of areolar connective tissue and adipose
tissue.
 Provides a pathway for nerves, blood vessels, and
lymphatic vessels to enter and exit muscles.
 The adipose tissue of the subcutaneous layer stores
most of the body’s triglycerides, serves as an
insulating layer that reduces heat loss, and protects
muscles from physical trauma.
Fascia (fash-e¯-a = bandage) is a dense sheet or broad

Fascia
band of irregular connective tissue .
lines the body wall and limbs and supports and
surrounds muscles and other organs of the body.
Fascia allows free movement of muscles;
carries nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels;
and fills spaces between muscles.