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http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026888945

tLBOHOUQH'8

SELF-TAUGHT

series.

Co w

ARABIC

^'
For

SELF-TAUGliT.

TRAVELLERS
MISSIONARIBS

TRADERS

(SYRIAN.)

ftc, &e.

AAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Vocabularies
Outline of
JExercises

Grammar
on the Grammar
.

WITH PHONETIC

Conversational Phrases and

Sentences
Travel Talk

....
....

Money, Weights

PRONUNCIATION.

& Measures

VYTyYrYyYYYTYYyYYYyYYTYyYTYTTYYYYTYyYTYYYYYyYYYYYyyyTYT

By

A.

FIFTH EDITION,

<

REV.

HAS SAM.
REVISED AND ENLARGED BY

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MmMMXtt. Comprehensive Dictionary of Words in Dally Use.
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Marlborough's Self-Tanght Series.

Rrablc Self-Taught.
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With

English

Phonetic Pronunciation.
By

A. Hassam.
Enlarged and revised by

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PEEFACE.
rrHE
J-

present enlarged edition of Arabic

8 elf-Taught

is

to all

and purposes a new work. It lias practically been

re-written throughout and much entirely new matter has been
intents

added, whilst those portions of the original English text that

have been retained have undergone thorough revision with
a view to adapting them to modem requirements.

The Vocabularies and Conversations have been

carefully

selected for practical use in the daily life of tourists, travellers,

men, and all who come into contact with

The work forms an easy guide to spoken
Arabic, and gives the student a practical and

missionaries, business

the natives of Syria.

(colloquial)

valuable introduction to the thorough study of the language.

The system

of transliteration here employed, carefully devised

to give the phonetic pronunciation of Arabic in accordance with

the scheme adopted by the Congress of OrientaUsts, has been

simplified to the last degree, and the key to the vowel sounds,

diphthongs, and hard consonants, given at the foot of the pages

throughout the Vocabularies and Conversations, will greatly
facilitate the intelligible pronunciation of the Arabic words
at sight.

The new outline of grammar throws much useful light upon

the construction of Arabic, and the exercises which follow contain
abundant conversational matter

illustrative of the

grammatical

The student can thus obtain an intelligent grasp of the

words and sentences he learns by heart, and make them his own.
In carrying out the work of revision the Publishers have had
the assistance of the Eev. N. Odeh, who spent many years in
Palestine and Egypt as a missionary and Head Master of
St. Mary's School, Cairo, and has since been engaged in teaching
rules.

Ai-abic at Oxford.

At

first

sight Arabic letters appear very difficult to learn,

this is partly the reason

the language

why

and

students and travellers fight shy of

but Eastern tongues are not

difficult to

acquire

by the SELF-TArrGHT method, and any ordinary capacity can

'

'

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

The student or traveller, thui

master them in a short time.
becoming his own Dragoman, will more thoroughly enjoy a sojoun
in the East.
The best plan for a beginner to adopt is to copy each lette]
untU he has fixed it in his mind foi
two or three letters should be dealt with a1
He will be surprised tc
a time, and not the whole alphabet.
find how soon he begins to understand the characters in theii
carefully

and

repeatedly,

this purpose only

various positions.

Having mastered the alphabet, he may proceed to commit

memory

to

the words given in the vocabularies, pronouncing the

phonetic aloud, and then writLng the words from

memory

in the

Arabic letters, which can be corrected afterwards by reference

to the book.
In this way he will begin to acqxiire the language
as easily as a child learns to speak and write its native tongue.
At the same time it may be borne in mind that, if this
manual is merely reqiiired as a phrase-book, the labour of
learning the Arabic characters is really unnecessary, as most
Arabs with whom one comes in contact are quite unable to read
the language.

When travelling it is well to note the sound of the words

uttered by the natives, as this helps one to attach the true value
and accustoms the ear to the gutturals
and soft aspirants of the Eastern tongue.
The ^written or classic Arabic is beautifully constructed.
It belongs to the Semitic languages, which include, amongst
others, Hebrew, Chaldee, and Syriac.
It has indeed survived
all the other Semitic languages, and is the most exact in its use
of the original root. Many common household words of modern
Arabs are not merely similar to, but identical with, those of the
ancient Hebrews, and it is not too much to say that an Israelite
of old and an Arab Sheikh of the present day would be mutually
to the phonetics used,

intelligible in the expression of their

London, 1911.

simple wants.

CONTENTS.
Illustration of Coinage

[Frontispiece).

The Alphabet and Pkonunciation

The Forms

page

(pages 7-12).

of the Letters

10

Pronunciation of the Arabic Letters

Vowels and Orthographic Signs

Rules for the Pronunciation of the Vowels

....

11

12

Vocabulakibs (pages 13-66).

Animals, Vegetables,

etc.

Animals and Birds

17

'

38

Fruits
Keptiles and Insects

19

Vegetables

37

Colours

48

Countries, Cities, and Nations

44

House and Furniture

Mankind Relations
Diseases of the Body

32

22

29
30

Dress

34

"Food, Drinls, and Smoking

Human

Body, The
Physical and Mental Powers, Qualities,
Professions and Trades

Parts of Speech

etc.

...

24
27

42

Adjectives

50

Verbs

57

Terms
Times and Seasons
Town, Country, and Agriculture
Religious

49

20
39

Travelling

46

Writing

47

World and Nature, The

Land and Water
Metals, Minerals, etc.

13
15
16

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT

Outline ow Gbammar (pages 67-79).

I.

The Nottn
Pronouns

Personal, Demonstrative, Relative, Interrogative

Numeral Adjectives
II.
"III.

Cardinal, Ordinal, Distributive

ThbVeeb
The Paeticles

Prepositions, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Interjections

Syntax (pages 80-6).

The Verb in Syntax

GRAMMAR

EXEKCISES ON THE

3.

The Preterite Tense

The Aorist Tense
The Imperative Mood

4.

How

1.

2.

(pagCS 87-96).
.

...
...

expressed in Arabic
5.
6.

7.

The
The
The

Participles

position of
Infinitive

Co.N'VERSATIONAIi

....

Adverbs

the English Potential and Subjunctive

Moods

are

...
....
...

Mood

PhBASES AND SENTENCES (pages 97-124).

Useful and Necessary Expressions

...........

Simple and Practical Phrases (grouped alphabetically)

Arrival

The Railway
The Hotel

....

Meals
Correspondence, Post, Telegrams, etc

Shopping

An

Excursion

Passages op Aradic with Pronunciation and

interlined
1.

'The Lord's Prayer' (Matt,

2.

Qur'an (Koran), ch.

Monet

Translation

iv,

vi,

9-13)

verse 169, with idiomatic translation

Turkish Government Currency used in Syria, with the English

and American equivalents
English and American Money, with the Turkish equivalents

Weights and Measures

Postal Rates

ARABIC SELF-TAtJGHT.
The Alphabet and
The following scheme

Pronunciation.

of pxonunciation

is

the key to the

correct reading of the Arabio words throughout the work,

and the student

attention

lo

it

will

at

do well, therefore, to give careful

outset, repeatedly copying each

the

character together with

its

phonetic

transcription,

until

the

eye and the mind be'come so familiar with them that the
character immediately suggests the sound.

The method
and

of distinguishing the hard consonants, h, d,

no
and the vowel sounds and diphthongs are equally easy to master. The key to all these
sounds, given in the footlines on each page of the
Vocabularies and Conversational Sentences, will enable any
English-speaking person to pronounce the words correct ly

8,

t,

2,

is

so simple that these letters will preent

difficulty to the student,

at sight.

The Arabic alphabet

is

composed of twenty-eight

con-^

sonants, all of which are written, as in most Eastern languages,

from the right hand

Each consonant assumes

to the left.

a different form according to

its

position at the beginning,

On

middle, or end of the word.

the next

twa pages the

various forms are placed in separate columns and show

each character

When
When

is

how

written respectively

unconnected with any other letter

end of a word, or joined only to the letter
preceding
When connected wiih the preceding and following letters;
When at the beginning of a word, or joined only to the
totally

at the

letter following.
(7)

The Forms

Name.

of the Letters.

Name.

Pronunciation of the Arabic Lr-iters.

\

Alif has no sound of

own, but

its

is

pronounced as

accordino- to the vowel above or below

u.

not vowelled

a,

i,

Whe

only a sign lengthening the prt

is

it

it.

ceding vowel.
tj

Ba

like the

English

b.

aJ>

Ta

like the

English

t.

<U

T>^a like the

nounced

Jeem

Hd

-1

Kha

is

like

English

like

'jam

in

is

Ra

like the

(jM

'

in

zai,

'

Egypt

hai-d like g in.'

garden

'

that

'

'

English

th in

like r in

j Zd,

often pre

a guttural aspirate like ch in the German ich or th

kh alwaj's represents one sounc
loch

o Dhdl like
J

it is

always a strong aspirate with friction.

Scotch word

Bal

'thought';

th in

t.

rural

',

d.

dh'is

'

always one sound.

always sounded.

or zain like the English

Seen like

in

'

some

^J^ Sheen like sh in

'

sheep

'.

^Ja

Sad

like a

hard hissing

i_/s

Dad

like a

hnrd

is

Td

like a hard

1?

Zd

like a dental

^/

^,

z.

'.

d, as

as iu

s as

in
'

'

in

rod

toss

'

hiss

'.

',

'.

z.

a guttural, peculiur to the Semitic languages, wliic

can only be learned by ear it sounds like the bleatin
of a goat (iiidd).
When it begins a syllable we sha
denote it by a spiritus asper {') before a vowel,

is

when silent ufter a vowel.

iGhain a hard guttural prQduced;as
,

^ Fd

and sounds similar

like the

English/.

to ghr.

in the efifort of garglir

Qd/like a broad
a crow.

CScJ

k,

produced as in imitating the cawing of

JTd/like the English

J Lam

like the

English

Meem

like the

English m.

k.

/.

like the English .

^^ JSToon

^a

Waiv has the sound of the w in

Yd

if
A in 'house
used as a grammatical
termination it has two dots over it (l), and has the
sound of t when followed by a word beginning with
vowel sound.

like

'

sounds like y in

When }

'

yard

water

'

',

or of u in

'

put

'.

'.

and

i_? are not vowelled, they are then only signs

of lengthening the preceding vowel, u or /, or of
making the diphthongs au and ai respectively.

VowEi.s AND Orthographic Signs.

The Arabs use thiee signs to express shorfr vowels, which

are placed either above or below the consonants, namely
an oblique

(^^) Fatha,

a in

( )

line over

the consonant, represents

'.

Kasrn, an oblique line under the consonant, represents

in

i
{J-.)

hat

'

'

hit

Damma,

Silent

(_?

in 'put'.

makes the long vowel a

(as a in

father

'),

machine

'),

'

nid (water).

after -^ miikes the

e-g-

Silent

represents

after .^

e.g.

Silent

'.

^5l/^

after j_

long vowel

(us

in.

'

(in).

makes the long vowel u

(as u in

'

rule

'),

e.g. ji> d/iu (possessor).

Silent J after
e.g.

makes the diphthong ou

(as oto in 'cow'),

lau (if).

Silent iJ after

^' makes the diphthong

e.g. ,,-i> s/iai (thing).

aj (as ai in

'

aisle

'),

AKAbsiu stur-

The Vowel

always sounded

is

consonant with which

The other reading

it is

AUUn

never

after,

before

the

written.

signs used in Arabic are

letter that

has no vowel.

Jazmah, placed oyer a

Maddah, a sign of prolongation over the

Waslah, placed over

'

forms one

to denote that it

syllable

with the preceding consonant.

:t.

Shaddah, signifies doubling a letter.

*-

Ramznh, placed over the

consonant

where

transcribed

it is

a sounded guttural

'.

[N.B. It is not usual to mark all the vowels or signs in writing Arabic;
newspaper or book very few, if any, are marked.]

in

Rules for the Pronunciation of the Vowels.

If attention

paid as to whether a vowel

is

10 difficulty will

'ight syllable in a
I

word has two

squally

short,

long or

is

short,

present itself in placing the stress on the

word

of

more than one

syllable.

When

or three short syllables, all are pronounced

and no

stress

is

placed on any of them.

iVhen a double consonant occurs between two vowels, the

irst of

)ut

the consonants

is

pronounced

after the first vowel,

the second before the second vowel

kaa-sa-ra),

'

he broke to

a short,

d long

e.g.

pieces.'

like the

sound of a in hat

JZ^

kassara

VOCABULAEIES.
[The Arabic language has only one
'

the,*

defiaite article, Jl al,

which has purposely been omitted in the Arabic column.]

The World and Nature.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

14.

English.

16

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.
Metals, Minerals, et

ARABIC S^LF-TAUGHT

18

Bnoush.
hen.

Ababio.

Pbonunciation,

VOCABULARIES.

Reptiles
EKaiiiSH.

ant

bee

bug
butterfly
crocodile
flea

fly

frog

gnat

grasshopper
insect

locust

mosquito

moth
reptiles

silkworm
snail

snake
spider
sting

wasp

worm

and
Ababio.

Insects.

19

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

20

Times and Seasons.

Bays of the week
Ababio.

Ehqush.

Sunday

Monday
Tuesday

Wednesday
Thursday
Friday

Saturday

Months of the year

January

February

March
April

May
June
July

August
September
October

November
December

Mohammedan names of the months

V^s^l Al-Muljarram

jA^ Safar
<Ji^^ f-r^j

Eabi'-l-awwal

VOCABULARIES.

<

21

Sha ban

Shauwal

Eamaclan {the

Dhulqa

month

of fasting)

dah.

DiuHiijjali

The Mohammedans count according to lunar years of 354 days, so that

_
thirty-four lunar years are equal to ahout thirty-three solar.
Their first year
began on July 16, 622 a.d.
UNQrjBH.

AlUBIO.

afternoon

.nr.

age, an

PnoinmciATioH.

asr
qarn,

jll

beginning, the

al-ibtida

daily-

yaumi

day

yaum,

j>Z.

aiyam

daybreak

tulQ -l-nahar

daytime

nahar

day after to-morrow

ba d ghad

,,

before yesterday

fjM^

every day

kuU yaum

3awn

al-fajr

early

^j Si

3nd, the

,,

bakir, badri

al-intiha

3vening (early)

lull

awwal ams

(late)

moon

lour
half an hour

maghrib
isha,

masa

badr
sa ah, pi. sa at
nisf sa

ah

eap year

Banat kabis

unar months

shuhur qamariyah

nidday, noon

al-zuhr

Diddle, the

al-wasat

^owel sounds .-haiiiatiiei, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle;

Dotted consonants, h, d, $, t, f, hard.

au=owiiicow.

22

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.
Engmsh.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

24

PEONtJNOIATIOM*

Aeabic,

Bngmsh.

ihn-1-akh, ibn-

nephew

1-nkht
ibnat-l-akh, ibnat-

niece

1-nkht
yatim,yj.yatimali|!

parents

u^.^^i

walidain
nas,

people

sitiff.

qarabah

relation

qarib

relative

khadim,

servant

fern,

khadimah

saiyid

(Mr.)

sir

-;

insan

ukht

sister

jariyah

slave (female)

ibn

son

khal

uncle (maternal)

amm

(paternal)

armalah

widow
widower

armal

wife

zaujah

woman

imra'ah

youth

shabab

youth, a

shabb

The Human Body.

ankle

ka'b

arm

dhira

back

zahr

Vowd

eou7ids

hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ;

Dotted consonants, h, d,

9, t, j,

hard.

au = ow in co^^

BNGlilSH.

beard

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

26
Ekglish.

kidneys

knee

VOCABULARIES.
Physical and Mental Powers, Qualities, etc.
ElNQUSB.

27

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

28
Enqubh.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

30
Ekgush.
faintness

fever
fracture

gout

headache
indigestion

inflammation
illness

jaundice

lame
measles

plague
.

smallpox
sore throat

toothache

wound

apron
boot

button
cap
cloth (cotton)

(wool)

coat
collar
collar of coat, etc.

AIUBIO.

VOCABULARIES,
EHGIiISH.

31

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

32
Enoxjbh.

VOCABULARIES.
Ehoush.
carpet

(large)

33

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

34
English.

quilt

roof

room
sofa

stable
staircase

table

tenant

towel
-wall

wardrobe
water-closet

well

window

Ababic.

ARABIC SELl=^-TAUGHT.

36
Engubh.

VOCABULARIES.
Enqush.

37

38

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

VOGABULARIES.
BlNOIilSH,

39

40

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

VOCABULARIES.
Bngubh.

41

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

42
ENQMBH.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

44
ENGIilSH.

Bervant
slioeniaker
soldier

surgeon
tailor

teacher

watclimaker

watchman

Akabio.

VOCABULARIES.
ENGXiIBB.

Europe
France

Frenchman
German, a

Germany
Greece
Greek, a
India
Italian,

an

Italy

Jerusalem

Jew
Jordan, the

London
Paris

Persia
Persian, a

Eome
Russia
Russian, a

Smyrna
Spain
Spaniard
Syria

Turk
Turkey
Venice

AB^13I0.

45

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

45

Travelling.
PEONtTKOIATlON.

Arabic.

Enomsh.

wusul

arrival

lijam

bridle

ibl,

camel

jamal

driver

jammal

,,

saddle

rahl
qafilah

caravan

bisat

carpet

arabiyah

carriage

donkey

donkey- driver

himar

hammar
siyaha qasiiah

excursion

masruf

expenses

^'^^V

fowling-piece

hizam, zunnar

>J

girth

barudah

rasan

halter

highway

al-darb-1-sultani

horsa

hisan, faras

horseshoe

hidha

luggage

'afsh

money

darahim
sarf darahim

money

to change

mule

baghl

muleteer

mukari

Napoleon (20 fr.piece)

iTrah f aransawlyah

package

huzmah

Vowd

sounds

hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ;

Dotted consoiiants, h, d,

9, t, z,

hard.

au = OW in cow.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

48
Enqush.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.
ElIQUSH,

VOCABULARIES.
Enolish,

51

52

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT,

64

A.EABIO.

PBOIfONOIATIOU.

mut-akhkijJr
late

kaslan
lazy-

nahif
lean
al-aqal3
least

3i\

aqall

less

naiyir
light (bright)

light (not heavy)

little (small)

khafif

saghir

tawil

long
loose (not tight)
loose (unbound)

rakhu
mahlul
'ali

loud

(shrill)

wati

low

majnun

mad

kathirta

many-

farhan

merry
narrow-

natural

tabi

jadld

new

zarif

nice

qadim

old
old

daiyiq

man

shaikh

open

maftuh

patient

abur

pleasant (ma-n^

anis

polite

adib

poor

maskln, faqir

Voivd eounda : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ;

Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, ^, hard.

au = o-w

in covr.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

56
English,

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

68
ENSIilSH.

PEOinniOIATION.

Akabio.

ibtada

begin

gaddaq
believe
rabat, imjp- urbut

bind (to

tie)

add
bite
boil {trans.)
boil {intrans.)

inghala

^}

iqtarad

borrow
kasar

break
kassar

break to pieces
jab, imp. jib

bring

bana
bnild
haraq[

bnrn
dafan

bury
ishtara

buy
nada
call

hamal
carry

masak
catcb

ghaiyar

change
saraf

cbange money
*
*

ghashsh

cheat

ikhtar
choose

nazzaf
clean
tasallaq

climb

ja'a

come

dakhal

come in

qabil

consent
consult

Yomd

IB

shawar

rule aisle
sounds : hat, father, bit, machine put
Potted ccmsonants, h, d, ?, t, ?, tiara.

au =ow in cow,

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

6a
Bngltsh.

VOCABULARIES.

61
Peoncnoiation.

Ababic.

ENQIiIBH.

natt

leap

learn

ta allam

lend

aqrad

let

alone

khalla

lie

down

raqad,

nazar

shaf,

look

nam

a mil

make
meet

mend

sallah

t'

dhakar

mention

mix

move

move

'

harrak

(trans.)

{intrans

khalat

CJ:sr

taharrak

obey

ata

object

tarad

amil

oblige (favour^

ma

obtain

nal

offend

agbdab
A'X!

offer

open

qaddam
tarak

omit

open

ruf

(trans.)

fatah

(inirans.)

infatah

oppose

qawam

order

amar

paek

hazam

pay

dafa
t

perspire

ariq

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ;

Dotted eonsoncmis, h, d, , t, ?, hard.

au = ow in

cow.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

62
Ensush,

ABABIO.

C^

play

PBOKDHOIATIOli

la ib

pour

sabb

prepare

haddar

prevent

mana

proceed

taqaddam

promise

wa

pronounce

lafaz

prosper

najah

pull

jarr

pusli

dafa

put

hatt

rains

ad

tamtur

(it)

rafa

raise

read

qara

receive

istalam

reckon

hasib

recommend

wagsa ala

refuse

rafad

reign

malak

rejoice

farih

relate

haddatb

remain

baqi

remember

dhakkar

remind
repair

tadhakkar

rammam,

repay

aufa

repeat

karrar

Vowel eounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle;

Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, ^, hard.

au = owi;

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

ei
Engmbh.

WV^HESUUAmtS.
ENSI/ISH,

translate
travel

tread

try

tui* round

understand
use

wait

walk

want

warm
warn

wash
waste (lavish)

watch
water

wear (^ut on)

weigH

wet

whip
whisper
whistle

win
wipe
wish

work
worship

66

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.
Fnghsh.

PBOHUNOCLTiON

wound

jarah

wrap

laff

write

katab

yawn

tathawab

yield (produce)

antaj

yield (surrender)

kbada

Vowel sounds : hat, fatlier, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ;

Dotted consonants, h, d, s, t, z, hard.

au = ow in coi

MARLBOROUGH'S SELE -TAUGHT SERIES. Tourists,

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(2/-

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Most
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,

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and Japane

and other Oriental languages are in course of preparation.

an outline of the Grammar of

the following, however, are separate

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tl

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,,

,,

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,,

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OUTLINE OF GEAMMAE.
Arabic

grammar

Etymology,

treats of

i__J>i2ll

al-sarf, the soienoe of the formation

of words, and

Syntax, ./srul al-nahu, the seienoe of the formation of sentences.

The Arabs have only three parts

I,

of speech

i^y^ al-ism, the tioun.

II. (JjtsJl al-fl 1, the verb.

(_J.^1 al-harf, the particle.

III.

The

noun.

includes the following seven forms

'

i,Ji\ al-ism, the

1.

noun or substantive.

1.

.*^,flJl

al-damir, the personal pronoun.

3.

j.lill

*j) istn-1-isharah, the

4.

ijy^y^W *^11 al-ism-1-mausul, the relative pronoun.

5.

*\.^ii-j^^ .*-j^

6.

*ia!i *>jl.ism-l-ifah, the adjective,

7<

t)^l

demonstrative pronoun.

ism-1-istifham, the interrogative pronoun.

ism-l-'adad, the numeral adjective.

*.ol

I.

The Arabs

THE NOUN.

nouns as follows

classify

[a)

A-l:- t,J\

ism jamid, primitive noun.

(i)

^yJij.-* t,.J\

ism musEtaqq, derived noun (from verbs or nouns).

(")

JJ-s.'* *-)!

{d)

^^'f*

*~j1

letters,
()

Ail

*-ii

ism mujarrad, noun of root-letters

ism mazid, noun which
servile

is

only,

augmented by one or more

or auxilictry.

ism 'alam, proper noun, to which the article Jl

never prefixed^
'

See page 76.

al is

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

68

*-sl

(/) ij'^s>-

J^

a-jI

vommon noun, whicli may be eifher

jins,

ism ain, noun denoting concrete

*-j1

,X!e

ism

ma

ism

object,

or

na, noun denoting an abstract idea.

Primitive Noun.

primitive noun, whicli

has a pure root-form and

man, i5>^

rajul,

Js-

is

always a substantive,

is

one

not derived from any verbal

is

musa, ra%or, J.^

-a-j

roo'

safp/jal, quince.

Derivative Noun.

derivative

noun

one which

is

is

constructed from a verb

noun-root by the addition of one or more of the ten servile

as

jX-^ Islam from *Lj salima (A

is

letti

free from defect), and ma;

There are fourteen derive

either substantive .or adjective.

nouns
1. jiX3.4Jl Mui\

ism-1-masdar, noun of action or infinitive, as

darb, strildng,
ease,

from

iJf^S:

from iLj'^ daraba, he siruch

sahula,

to

<>!

(_

ili suhii

be at ease; jIajCUjI istighfar, as

forgiveness, from^,iAx:i istaghfara, he ashed forgiveness.

2.

JiUIl

^\

'jj^
3.

ism-l-fa

darib, one

noun

of agent or active participh

beats,

from

J^*i^i *^1 ism-1-maf'ul, noun

as L_J^)-a^

4.

11,

who

madrub, one who

i^Ujji^ (_^LC^I

j)

iJi/.<s

daraba, he

beat.

of object or pasBiTe partiei

is beaten.

ism-1-makan wal-zaman, noun of place

time, as t_-,i^ mal'ab, place or time of play, from ,_

la iba, he played.
3.

ill

*^1 ism alah, noun of instrument, as J'iU mibrad.

from jpf he
I

filed;

AXLi.^,.

^liii^ miftah, key,

miknasah, broom, from

'

See page 76.

from

^J^

'JCi fataha

kanasa, he su

OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR.
6. 'if%Jl

*^1 ism-1-marrah, noun of unity, which expresses the

doing of an action once.

*^1

ismrl-nau

(*1

noun

manner of riding, from

8.

^g^^\ jSta^\

It, is

of kind

t_--^

^.*)t>aJl *-)!

triliteral verbs,

and manner, as i^. rikbah,

rakiba, he rode.

al-ma?dar-l-mimi, noun of action with

from

as (jla-^ mantiq, speaking,

9.

formed from

Mow, from t_J^ daraba, he strwh,

as i.ij^ darbah, one

7.

69

^jlaj

j,

m,

nataqa, he spohe.

ism-l-ta?ghlr, diminutive noun, as L.~^lli kulaib,

a Utile dog, from i_-TJi kalb, a dog.

10.

J.U!l A-ib di^2.iiJl iR.^\ al-sifat-1-mushabbahat bism-1-fa'il,

adjective resembling

noun

from ,%^s>. hasuna, he

C4,&., ^ is ?(?;

1.

*j1

J-,rfiiJl

is

of agent, as

^^i-

handsome

./>&-

jJi-o saiyid,

ism-1-tafdil,

master, from

noun

ahmar,

red,

jl^' sada, ^

(jj"*j-^

handsome, ^^.=^.^1 al-ahsan, most handsome, both

from

*?(?.

of superioi'ity for the

and superlative degrees, as

parative

hasan, handsome,

ahsan,

commore

from ^^i>~

hasan, handsome.
2.

<UlL*ll

*-:!

ism-1-mubalaghah, noun of excess (to expreaa

intensity), as

.lai ghaffar, one

who pardons much, from

4^-c

ghaflr, pardoner.
3.

4.

(J**ij

Jyts

fa ul

wa

fa'il.

The two forms may

be. either

noun

of agent, as ii-.i sabur, patient, {j^_j-^ marid, side, or

noun

of object, as

t-Jj**,;,^' *w;^\

J5"0

*=^=r

j^r'^t,

wounded.

al-ism-1-mansub, relative adjective, which

formed by affixing
becomes

rasul, apostle,

rJ^j

ij^

rajuli,

to the noun, as

manly

J^i

rajul,

is

man,

^^/^.i shams, sun, becomes

i%ii,i shamsl, solar; J-i^J^ ingliz, English, becomes C\JiSj\

inglizi,

English (adjective).

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

70

Personal Pronouns.
Personal pronouns are either separate or suffixed.

The

Sept

Personal Pronouns, <dii^l^^U-.^\, have the folio-wing formi

JSToMiNATivE Case.
Sing.
1

Dual.

Pltjr.

st pers.

2nd

pers. masc.
fern.

3rd pers. masc.

^^

fern.

Accusative Case,
Dual.

Sing.

1st pers.

2nd

Pluk.

pers. masc.
fern.

3rd pers. masc.

fem.

The

Suffixed ov

when attached

Annexed Personal Pronouns, <daj;^^

noun

.;

or preposition denote the genitive

but when attached to a verb they denote the accusative

to a

They have the following forms

Sing.
1st pers. to

noun

to verb

2nd

pers. masc. to both

fem.

3rd pers. masc.

fem.

,,

,,

,,

^
_)

c.ii

lLT
.>

Dual.


OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR
The Annexed Personal Fronouns which

are

71

attached to

verbs

only have the following forms and denote the nominative case

Dual.

Sing.

iZJ

1st pers

2nd pers. masc.

fern.

Plur.

\j

li

lU

CJ

none

3rd pers

ExSmpU of Personal Pronouns

attached

to the

noun li\:^ (book).

Dual.

SiNO.
Ist pers.

Pluk.

2nd pers. masc.

fem.
3rd pers. masc.

^a \^

fem.

The English of the above

Sing.
1st pers.

my

look

is

Pluk.

Dual;
our

(when two

are

speaking)'

'.,

and

our look

boolc

(when three and

more are speaking)

so forth.

Example

oj Personal

Pronouns attached

to the

verb t_^-^ (he struck),

denoting the Accusative Case.

Sing.
1st "pers.

2nd

Dual.

,j.<tf

pers. masc.

fem.
3rd pers. masc.
fem.

Pluu.

U^ir^

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

t2

The English

of the

above

is

he struck

1st pars.

and

Vlvr.

1)CAL.

SiNO.

me

he struck

he struck us

'us

so forth.

Example of Personal Pronouns annexed

to the

vefh

(he struc

V,-a

demoting the Nominative Case.

1st pers,

''

"' o

..

Pluk.

Dual.

SiKG.
.
,

2nd pers. maso.

PC

fem.
3rcl pers.

u.

masc.
(pron. understood)

fem.

\ii.^

'^-^{r"

c-v-^
i^^ is the

(pron. understood

CJ
The English

of the

is

above

is

/ have

Pluh.

Dual.

SiNO.

1st pers.

sign of fen

the sign of fem.)

we have

struck

struck

we have

struck

etc., etc.

Example of Personal Pronouns attached

to the

S1N8.

1st pers,

2nd

preposition

Dual.

(froi

Pluu.

pers. masc.

fem.

3rd pers. masc.

fem.

The English
1st pers
etc., etc.

of the

above

is

Sing.

Dual.

Pluk.

from me

from us

from us

OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR,

73

Demonstrative Pronouns.
;

This (the near object).

Maso.

Sing

'em.

^,

It>

nom
gen., ace.

Plur

i^J, iJ

ij,

i-'^J

,.,lj'

..

^^,

^^^J

^^ij

Dual
(

U,

41

J)'i or

may have

This simple demonstrative pronoun

or

^j4

*l'^

the particle

or oftener the defective

J^,

prefixed to

it,

as

Maso.

Sing

Fem.

l/^*

IvSiA

nom

'
(

LL)^

1.)^ j"-*!

Dual
gen., aoc

'^

^<,

^^A

^fyS

*^|a

Maso.

Fism.

t!XJ,

(Jj\j, tlsJj

Sing
.

(the middle and distant object).

77iai!

Plur.

Afi.

^^j

Plur

/i^

lLJ;5i/\ or

dSi!\

liyij, l!31?

lL^}}\ or iL'S^l

Relative Pronouns.
fVho, which, thai.

Fsm.

Maso.

Sing

Plur

nom

gen., ace

s/J>^'l

^^

^^itX-AJl

^i^-w\

(j^;!'^-^'

iji;'-^''

(^iA^\

^P\

or

J^'r^^

or * ill for both masc. and fem.

\si>,

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

74

Other relative pronouns are

^\

(A*T fem.) he who, she who, whoever;

whosoever

who

^;i he or she

^^V

wh

thflt

he who, she

\Xj\ that which, whatsoever.

Interrogative Pronouns.

who? iSt (iJ\ fem.) whof

what? (and wten

with the demonstrative lo becomes stronger,

''A

ijl.,

what

jo

ther

how much f

Numeral Adjectives.

The Cardinal Numbers.

1.

The

cardinal

numbers from

and are declinable.

the

objects

masc. form

Sxova. 3 to

numbered are masc.

when

to 10

have the following

f(

10 they take the fem. form v

gender,

and conversely

the objects numbered are fem.

OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR.
Mabc.

13 (ir)

75

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

76

jjLi t^jli (masc), jJAjj

11

For "

Aj,-^^^ (fern.), etc., etc.

you say JjL/jJ ^~j

in the seventh year a.d."

^.^v-j

IS*

3.

Distributive Numerals

have the following forms

c^iiJi or i^Sij

two,

om ly one,

JI.&-1

by

three

three,

^j^

^J^

or ^lij twc

or cIjJ /owr

%/

or 'ti.i < Jy <m.

'.ilji;*

THE VERB.

II.

Most

of the

Arabic verbs are triliteral verbs

-root-forms have only three letters

quadriliteral verbs

(/LcU

,),

"J))j), i.e. tl

but there are also a good m;

whose root-forms have four

letters

Both have many derived forms, through the addition to

tl

root-form of one, two, or three servile letters (which are ten

number and together form the word

about them).

I^j^Uj

All increase in verbs and nouns

you have asked

is effected

by me

of these letters,

Arab grammarians

have

only three

imperative, whichjbhey call a tense.

1.

|_5-t

madi, past

tense,

tenses,

including

These three tenses are

which European grammarians

perfect or preterite tense.

2.

c ,L.a..

mudari', present

grammarians
3.

call

j^\ amr, imperative

{a)

Triliteral verbs

or future

tense,

which Europ

imperfect or aorist tense.

tense.

(.^ihW

JJ.s.'^l)

measures, giving the above thi-ee tenses

have the following

:

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

78

jjii^

J^iill:.^

none

'^\^

The

(c)

i}i^l

JS^V'l

^1^\

JVil;

MsJ

Jisdi;

The derived

three forms

''^

d^\

quadriliteral verb (^^-V/^

"v

^^^
((?)

I]\i3."^\

"

'^

^3l^^

i!)^"

^"^

J^H

^,k;.

jii.^

jM[

jii.rii^

jji.;i.

jiiil4

jiixM

j^^l

cM**j

THE PARTICLES,

III.
1.

<

>

CL> hy (in an oath), as

J
i

CJ
J^

Prepositions.

in, at, hi/.

to,

for.

iy 'in an oath).
as,

like.

alllj'

foi

(/^U^.jl Joj^l) h

juk;
Jijti^

only one

Jl^^

Jiki

quadriliteral verbs

^^'^

J^l

Z^i^l

OUTLINE OF GRAMWIAR.
Adverbs.

2.

ju

particle of interrogation.

and

.'iri

to

express

Jj

the

future of the verb in the

aorist tense.

J
"jl

.Jj

L5

i-j

nay. hut.
yes.
there.

)sA3 only.

bJ

certainly.

lefore (past

tense\ now

or lIXJ Ai

likeioise.

andlJl lo!
liii

ijl

79

certainly.
j-'ii
j*i

when
ye.

'i.

Etc., etc.

3.

and ti and.

Conjunctions.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

80

SYNTAX
The

(ysi}\).

signs of the declensions for the four cases are either vc

or letters.

I.

1.

S.

The Nominative

signs

Case has four

(a) in

the singular of the noun, as J-f^^\

(5) in

the irrogular plural, as (J^^^\

(c)

^\^

*l^

the

man

the

men

in the regular feminine plural, as <_ljli^^\

came.

cuAs^

believers (fern.) came.

the present-future tense of the verb,

id) in
IS

annexed

when

to its last letter, as (Jsj- Jl ^J-i)

strikes or will strike

(this

being really the

not
the

indici

mood).
2

(a) in

the regular masculine plural, as

(_^.v,.</Jl

^\s^

helievers came.
(i) in

the following five nouns:

t_ji JatJier,

^1 bro

y^b~ father-in-law, i%i mouth, ^'^ owner; as cLXjI

CJ^ ij-^^ JUjJ.

and thy brother
wealth,

3.

4.

Cjy^^^ lL^s-'; iky father

and, thy father-in-law

and thy mouth

and

the ownt

spoke,

in the dual nouns, as ^jL..^^l >l?- the two believers camt

in the present-future tense of the verb,

pronoun

of

either the

dual,

or

when the

pers

the plural, or

singular of the second person feminine is annexe

the verb;

as ij^-'j^^i

^:>-jl\

the two

men

strik


OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR.
^^.-AJ

will strike,

will strde,

Qy^^^

\^)i^''' I**''

V^

^^b'>-l.^!l

jW"j!'

81

the tioo

loomen strike or

"'** strilce

'^'*

or will strih,

strike or will strike, /J^-waj' iju-jl thou

(fern.) strikest or w?/^ strike.

The Accusative Case has

II.

1.

five signs

() in

the singular noun, as Jr^Jl ui-J^-i I struck the man.

(b) in

the irregular plural, as Jl=r^M

(c)

'^^- I struck

in the present-future tense of the verb,

is

annexed

and when

to its last letter,

the men.

when nothing
influenced

it is

by a word which governs the accusative,

Cj^.'

as

he will never strike.

2,

in the regular feminine plural, as

the

8.

women came

in the five

C^'L^l, ^L.Jl

lU*-Ij^

riding,

nouns (<j1,

I saw

thy

nouns,

as

^1, etc.), as LLilii-l "-i^^Jj

Iroth&r.
4,

ij

in

the regular

/ saw
5,

masculine

Ui^.;lJ

^lr-.!l

/ saw

and

dual
the

ttvo

plural

men, ^^i^/]i i-l^jji

the helievers.

Suppression of the (^ of the declension

^_j^,,

uV;"^-''-

become

b^.-aJ,

Usj-.J

^A(?y

fluous alif

guarding
(ii^UJl

is

alif

W;y=^

^ry^-'j

<wo

;/?

added

^i^;*^.-'.

V/^'

to the third

verbs

five

^'^i<=^
H'-^^-j-^''

^^

^*^
u?'>'*^''

which,

and fourth, called the

however,
is

'

Observe" a super-

cJJl) or the separating

a pronoun is annexed, and

^ratioSelf-TaagM

'

^^^

never return.

(<);_il Ji^.li

i-jilill),

(bi-j-^'

the

in

disappears

alif

when

never pronounced.
^

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

82

Genitive Case has three

The

Ill,

singular noun, as <_jii.C\

\.-:-{a) in the declinable

/ read

/ said

-1.

in the book,

men.

to tlte

cpU^.-tU

in the regular plural feminine noun, as

l said
2.

CJ

the declinable irregular plural noun, as JU-_;U c:-

ib) in

ic)

signs

c:-

to the believers (fern.).

in the imperfectly declined noup, as Sa.s^'^ <;:^Xi

said

Ahmad.
8.

in

five

tlie

nouns

I passed thy
(b)

(i__.'\,

^1,

etc.),

CUj

as lL^!o^

father,

I passed

in the dual noun, as ^y.iKW: i-^jj-^

the

'.

unbelievers.
(e) in

the plural regular noim, as j^-.i...A)u

IV. The Apocopative or Jussive Case

1

.'t.

/ jBffs

^:>-) has three

in the present-future tense of the verbs ending with

letters

(when not joined

to expressed

nominative case), as tl-V*^

2.

.ci-*,^.-*

Suppression of

^ in

(*'

-^

signi

Btr(

pronouns in

^^^ ""^

strike.

the five verbs (see above, II,

5),

as Ij-

do not (ye two) strike.

3..

Suppression of weak letters, ^Yhen verbs end in such and

not joined, to an expressed pronoun in
case, as

'

(Jodditional

j_/t-J'

i-ll

the nominal

did you not toalkf

and imiierative moods, ov verbs following the apooopntive

partii

OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR.

The Nominative Case

1.

The following are in

The subject

1.

this case

88

(^J^^-

of the sentence

jiii43l), as

(1

jj

Ly^\ sleep

is

2\i

Sj j Zaid

is

ilv

pleasant.

The predicate

2.

of the sentence (j^^s'l),

3.

The agent

4.

The substitute

of the sentence

a passive verb, as

The subject

5.

J^lill), as Sjj

for the agent

5jj

Zaid

ULt^.-i

and

of i^\i

as

^l^ Zaid

came.

i_^'b), subject of

(Jxlill

loas beaten.

UUa. JlfJl ^Ji

its sisters, as

the

day

was dark.

The predicate

6.

thre

is

7.

no

man

^] and

its

and

sisters,

verily

Zaid

is

of J (the absolute

riding, fj'.i

(j\jl>j\

i!

coming.

The present-future tense when not governed by

particles

as jk^^^Ul

l^-.C

ITouns or adjectives in apposition to nominatives

^^\y

nor followed
(Jiu,\!l

8.

of

l^\j ^S)\ ^1

negative); as

the

by a fem.

^^ or

pupil writes the

CjUjij.-*.!!), as

2.

an emphatic

^;

lesson.

L;S^\ iJ-t}^ *^"

the generous

The Accusative Case

(i

man

came.

^^).

The following are in the accusative case

Noun

1.

v)>ij

^jl^

2.
(_,wjl(

of action as absolute
he struoh a striking,

Noun
i_l.-i'

personal

of

object

of

the

i.e.

object (^lk*!l

J^/tA-wl),

as

J^.ti^l),

as

he assuredly struck.

transitive

verb

he rode the horse, ^c^.j-^ he struck

(^J

me (the annexed

pronoun being the objective complement).

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

84

Adverbial noun of time and place

3.

meaning

l^-L^

as

J^xi-*!'),

*^^

he came in the morning, (c'*""' (t^\

^\:>-

with

preceded by the preposition iS

were

it

if

(i^

in,

^ oame he

the judge, or into his presence.

Adjectival noun of state or condition

4.

Jlsll), which n

always be indefinite and derived, standing at the end of

sentence, as l^^, j-^^^i '\i^ the prince came riding.

Noun

5.

specification

of

explaining something that

U-^SJa

relation of a thing, as
Ifl

ii.i

Zaid

"JS

is

i_?,i-il he

honourable as regards

is

noun

Vocative

6.

(t-,-,-Jl)

always a common n

uncertain as regards the substanci

is

Ms father.

when

(^<3U/.!1)

hought a pound of br

it

is

singular, then it is put in the nominative case, as

but

when

it is

Noun

7.

not

it

takes the accusative, as 1?-

of action of cause or reason

(td

proper nc

JiJ

Za

man /

Jixi^l), as

bri- he Jled from fright.

Noun

8.

(*iX

of

^J^.^^i.^]\),

9.

following

object
as

The noun which

;ix, ^5-f, !c\c,

J^^l

fjM.'^s}\'^

having the meaning of

*U>- the prince

loith the ar

excepted (^ili^AJl) by means of

is

ii, lil^

as SSij

i^ll\

except Zaid.
10.

came

lli

the

peoples

The predicate

of

and

of its sisters, as

1.15

j.^

Zaid was standing.

11.

verily

The subject
Zaid

is

of

j?,|

and

of its

sisters,

as ^i-^lj

IIj:

riding.

12.

The subject

l.S,

Nouns

of

li

the absolute negative, as

f J^ls

,:,l.^3l

of adjectives in apposition to accusatives

hys.:^\), as JJiUll i.yj

c:_,.l

I saw Zaid

the teise.

OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR.

The Genitivk Case

3.

Genitive by prepositions

any

;iy.*'Jl'^^f>
^_5'**-) ,_5^

the

J^.4'

^^1 ^^^,

>

^-j.

^-il:>-

whenever

noun

preceded by

is

put in the genitive case

V' ^'
as jiikll

{j4^).

'^-^^ "^^^

^^>

^* ^^"^ out

from

J'i. ^*'

77

j^

home.

When two nouns

2.
i.e.

of the following prepositions it is

85

are

in

construction

(or

annexation),

follow each other, and the second depends on the

second

put in the genitive

is

Jsfj

man,

the look of a

tL>Vi>

case,

dJ^

J.5f-Jl

kusra

takes

i.e.

( )

the look of the

Note that in such a construction or annexation the

the

first,

as

man.

first

noun

apposition to genitives take the genitive

case,

.1

never takes the article

Nouns

3.
-lax)'

in

although

(J.^^1 (4-Jto the look of the great

The Verb
1.

fatha
2.

jasm
3.

The past tense

{^) over the

in Syntax.

(preterite) is indeclinable

is'

also indeclinable

over the last letter, as Jiil

The present-future

verb

(^11

It

is

<

and

to the future

It is limited to the

it.

the negative

when preceded by Jw

or the

for the near

i'^ for the remote future.

always in raf

indicative

and has always

tense (aorist) has always one of the four

when preceded by the emphatic

future, or

and has always

kill.

servile letters \, ^j, (_?, CLJ prefixed to

present

man.

last letter, as lLs-^^ he struck.

The imperative tense

(-i.)

understood.

it is

mood

as

(_.)

^L^d^

nominative case,

or, as

he writes, or he will

we should

virite,

say,

except when

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

86

influenced by (a) one o the ton accusative particles preceding

which are:

when the

particles,

in the subjunctive

l.ijl.

which are

c/\,

the

of

^^, the negative

il

UJ

of forbidding

j:.,

^r^Lff,

IJl

or (b)

ll3I

the

we should

when the

aorisi

of

command

^^\, bi,

^^, U^

UL^, UH,

and l3V

and entreaty,

^t, J\,

first is called )sJMi\ Jjti

JilS

mood

(t^^^

[In a conditional sentence of tTTo clauses, the verb

poetry.

To

by jasm i.) preceded by one of the apocopat

entreaty, the

)o

^i

tense takes the accusative case, or, as

it is

influenced

the

^}, 0\,

and the <-j,j,^\, when preceding the apodosis

j_jSi.,

when

^V,I

the protasis, and that of the

sec(

t__>U^, the apodosis.J

the

Student.

In order to turn the following

advantage,

it is

exercises

the

to

greai

recommended that the student should learn

tl

by heart, repeating each sentence aloud, with the aid of

phonetic transcription in the third column, until
readily and easily, and the ear has

Copying the sentences out will greatly

way be mastered

section should in this

it

can be spo

grown accustomed

eq^ually to the conversational sentences

to the sou

facilitate learning.

in turn, and this app

on pp. 97-124.

After learning a section or group of

sentences,

the

Eng

words should be written down and the Arabic equivalents ad

from memory.

The

result can then be checked

by

reference

the book.

By

above method, a great amount of

following the

practice will be obtained in speaking, reading,

whilst at the same time

and valuable character

much

-will

us(

and writing Ara

conversational matter of a praot

be acquired.

EXERCISES ON THE GEAMMAR.

The
EHGIilSH.

Preterite Tense.
ASABIO.

Pbonunoiahon.

I Have reeeived a letter

He

lost his

wasalni maktiib

watch

^'^.cImo

cU^I

ada a sa atuh

His friend gave it to him

a tahii lyaha sahibi

You were not diligent

ma kuata

You have been drink-

mujtahidE

udta ila-1-shurb

ing again
I

was about to begin

my journey

hamamtu bian

[horse

abc

bisafrati

He

did not bring the

lam yuhdir-il-hisan

He

has not long left us

ma ghab anna mu(

dah awilah

I was very late

ana kuntu mnt'akliiran jiddan

You

did not

know

of

iaa

his arrival v[abrsent ?

How

in an

to

kam
come

labath

aghay

wa ada an yahdar

hour [promise ?

ba d sa ah

Has he forgotten his

She was always

[ban

sulihi

long wSs he

He promised

kan lak ilm biwi

a-nasiya-

^ly

c^\^

wa dahu ?

^y> hiya ka.nat tura

i-

1-mT ad dayiman

punctual

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle;

Dotted cmsonambs, li, d, 9, t, 7, hard.

(87)

au =ow in

cow.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

88

We

Pbonunciatios.

Ababic.

English.

sakanna baitan

lived in a house,

khaimatan

not in a tent
j-iilU

They have always

resided near the city

You have heen stealing

A^^lil
<^'tX/*jl

<iuyJl

,,L^

kull

iqamathum

qurb mini-l-ma{

^y*
i>\A

'udta ilas-sirqah

again
1

dhahabtu

went to (the) church

this

sah hadha-s-sab

morning

AVho was there

man kan hunak ?

preached

The bishop

ila-l-ka

idicj i^rJa-fll lac.

wa az-al-mutran

wa zah

an eloquent sermon

fasilia^

balaghat-il-lammi

The collection amounted

asharat iTrat

to ten pounds

With the sum they

ishtaru bil

jarasan

bought a bell for the

mab

lil-kanl;

church

The doctor was not

home

at

[garden

4 L_,^l

^/i

|J

lam

yakun

il-d
[bi

fil-bait

His wife was in the

kanat zaujatu

Did you

a-kult laha an tu

her

to

doctor

as

il-tabib

yarja' ?

tell

send the

soon as he returns

me

Tes, and she gave

well

What have you done

to-day

Vowd

aoimda

am waa

tatni

fa alta hasanan

madha

yaum

halam!

hadha-1-dawa

this medicine

You have done

na

hat, father, bit, machlue, put, rule, aisle ;

Dotted consonants, h, 4, $, t, ^, hard.

amilt-al?

au = ow in

EXERCISES ON THE GRAMMAR.

English.

I sold all

my

Ababio.

Peohunoiation.

goods

Has he paid you for

hi t bida'ati kulla

it ?

haldafa lakhaqqa

have heard a strange

story to-day

ana

from the

muleteer

min -il-mukari

The

Aorist Tense.

I like riding

ana uhibb-ul-ruku'

You prefer walking

He

very

eats

samitu-1-ya

qu|ah gharibah

little in

anta tufaddil-ul-ma

1^*- J-li

J^b

the evening

huwa yakul

She sleeps long

JJ^J9 SlX^

*Uj ^Ji hiya tanam mudc

tawllah

He waUcs

We

in the

futur fil-khala

anta la tattabi

advice

I never ride

ana

la arkabu-l-han

[kadi

aslan

hiya tabghudu-1-

They will have rainy

weiaither

>-

sayakun lahum

huwa yatbukh jaiyi

\Sls

want a glass of water

to drink

a glass of wine ?

al-

yaum matar

tO'day

cooks well

Do you wish

na

hati abadan

donkeys

She hates lies

He

fi

nahnu nuhibb-ul-

open

You will never foHow

my

[naum

huwa yamshi

in his sleep

our breakfast

like

qalll

jiddan fil-masa

urid kas

ma

'-X
.\^-j

_ tXJ

t_JjS*j

Jay

a-turid tashrab qadi

nabidh

Vmoel sounds : hatj father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ;

Doited consonaiUs, h, d, , t, ^, hard.

au = o w in cow

90

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.
Pbokdnciation.

Ababic.

She prefers a cup

[now

cofEee

They

hiya tufaddil

of

will not dine just

I shall not employ

him

any more

mc

go to

-win

the

^^

They

J,J1 J\

<Ji>

taji

la

turld

i?
ala

ana atba ak

clock strikes

L-pI'VD

iUUl J^'c;-^

me

hiya tatkhallaf
hin taduq-iil-sa ah
sab an sahhini

She has not finished

liT*

iU

ma

^y^\

Ju

sar waqt-ul-naum

IJOl

her dinner yet

is

ma

hum yadhaku

She will remain hehind

It

il

riukrim-ul-g]

limadha

you

seven waken

huwa yadhhab

nahu

are laughing at

When the

fl

suq al-jum a-l-qad

[you

I will follow

yatghai

astakhdimhu f

nasb-il-khaimah

We respect others
Why will you not come
?

la yaridii

halla tusa idni

market next -week

with me

[i

ba'd abadan

to pitch the tent ?

He

qahwah

la

'

Will you not help

fir

faraghat min

gbada'iha ba d

time to go to had

'J

(time of sleep)

Tou
She

are strong

anta qawi
hiya maridah

is ill

England

is

a great

bilad-ul-ingliz

the

aulad-ul-'arab

country

The Arabs
English

ms

lakah azTifiah
like

yahubbun-al-ing

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle;

Dotted conaonants, h, d, 9, t, ?, hard.

au = ow in

cot

EXERCISES ON THE GRAMMAR.

Engush,

The camel

is

Aeabio,

PBONtrNOIATlON,

the

al-jamal huwa-1-

V favourite animal in

.h

haiwan-ul-mahhub

Arabia

fi

The road to Jericho

dangerous

He

is

in the

sit

^'^

arahistan

L^^ (JiJ^^ al-tarlq

ila

ariha

mukhtirah

L_>^^ (JfJ
_ l^\ al-haqq ma'ak

wrong

3.

Do not

is

sIls:*

You are right

91

^ty-^

d-^^ al-haqq

The Imperative Mood.

'alaih

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

92
Enslish.

EXERCISES ON THE GRAMMAR.

Ensush,

We

Pbonunoiation.

oannot go out to-

day on account of the

:

al-yaum

heavy rain
Can you
milk

yatara taqdar tashral

^'-r'^A

laban

Mosque

may

of

yumkinhu

to

Omar

rain

have

when I

told

would not

come

him

a-qadartu an ajT

lamma

my

'

laht

rubbama j'arfudu
nasihati

should

learn

alaik

Arabic

al-

might help yon

opportunity

tat allaa

arabiyah

kaif tuhmil hadhi-1

fursah

Can he have told you

the truth

an

rubbama tanfa ak

Whyshouldyouneglect
this

quit

inni la ajT ?

advice

It

rubbama tamtur
hiyatastati antasbui

They might reject

You

yurafiqni

ila-1-hai'am-ish-shai

She can wait

Could

rubbama tuhibbuh

like it

He may go with me

It

nakhruj

bisabab-il-

matar-il-qawi
sour

drink

You may

the

naqdar

la

hal

min-il-mumfeii

innahu qal laka-1

haqq?
ghairmumkin

She cannot have seen

him

He might have
a little

innalii

ra'athu

kan yumkiu lahu

eaten

more

ai

ya'kul akthar qalila:

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ;

Doited consonants, h,

d, s, t, ?,

hard.

au = ow

in cow.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

94

him

he

will complain of

me

If

strike

to the

PEONtTNCIATION.

Arabic.

Ehcush,

in adribhu

ila-1-Cunsul

Consul

Unless you work better

will

you

dismiss

my

from

Neglecting
exercise,

cJ^M

^^

Participles.
bi-ihmalihilil-riyadaji

take

to

sara maridan

he hecame ill

he

pounds,

ba'd an akhadh

jadiduh

suit of clothes

it

^jo

la:j!)

i^Lc f.i-^ biqabdihi

The

Jerusalem

ever

seen

position of Adverbs
Li

hal

(juujjil

not

lam

hadha

only

kicks, but also shies

rum-

takul

manan aslan?

pomegranates before ?
horse

zurtum-ul-kuds

qatt?

Has she never eaten

This

yadi

ala

hazzaha bishiddah

violently

Have you

lira-

tain ishtara badlah

bought

Grasping my, hand, he

shook

lam tashtagil ahsan

fa-arfudak min

khidmati

Having received two

new

in

service

The

yashkuni

lajl

J-*=^

J-'

iaJiJ

- 1 -

yarfus

hlsan

la

faqatt

bal

yajfal ai(Jan

He

rides

remarkably

cT""

well

She

is

V<nvel

,^-..
-<

Ui-^

truly grateful

(UiJisi-

>

huwa yarkab

alisan

ma yakun

[qatan

^j-Cii ^Jb hiya

sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle;

sbakurah haql-

au = ow in cow.

EXERCISES ON THE GRAMMAR,

English,

Ahabic.

Bo I read plainly

He

me

ti

Jus?

|jJ!>

hiya tujid

fll-libs

yauzuruni kull yaum

daily

yadrus bi-ijtihad

studies diligently

intended to see

Pronunciation,

huwa yak tub bisur ah

7.

^juK-JJl

writes fast

TKey see

95

hal aqra bibayan

She dresses beautifully

He

''

you

The

Infinitive

Mood.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

96

heat

Pbonunciatios.

Ababio.

ENGIjISH.

To drink beer

shurbu-l-bira fil-harr

the

in

mudirr bil-sihhah

injurious to

is

health

He

ought to have paid

me my
She

,1^

Ls*;^;

dues

know how

He

i!

to

have

English

uXj

To

-yah

^yJl

haram

al-sirc[ah

wasiyat-ul-lahi

command
:

shuhur

mahabbat-ul- j ar

one's neighbour

Voioel

fi sittat

khata azim

steal is sin

is Grod's

yadda'i annahu

takhwTf-ul-ghuraba

very wrong

To love

annaha

ta'allam al-inglizi

in

To frighten strangers
is

fiha

ta raf-il-taf sil
.LO- <U\

months

six

yanbaghi" lahu

yuzan

to

to cut out

claims

learned

kan

an yufini haqqi

supposed

is

u'

hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle;

Dotted consonants, h, d,

s, t, z,

MARLBOROUGH'S SELF-TATTGHT SERIES

languages of Europe, so that wherever the tourist

au = owin cow.

hard.

most of the

includes

may go, down the Mediterranean,

through the heart of the Continent, or round the western and northern countries,
with the aid of one or other of the volumes in the Series he can readily make
himself understood amongst the various peoples with

whom

he comes in contact.

Thus, these manuals are guides to the spoken languages of to-day, and they
are of the greatest service to tourists, travellers, students, business

men, holiday-

makers, cyclists, motorists, photographers, teachers of languages, etc.,

Of
E.

all Booksellers,

Mablbohough &

Catalogite free

Co.,

51

Old

from

the Publishers

Bailisy,

LoxDo>f,

etc.

E.G.

CONVERSATIONAL PHEASES AND

SENTENCES*
Useful and Necessary Expressions.
Ababio.

me

Allow

Are you hungry

At

Pbonunoiation.

ismah

last!

akhlran

Be careful

a'ti

Begone

imshi

Begone! (out with you!)

itla

By

all

li

anta jau an

means

balak

la

barra

ala

Certainly

kuU

al

budd

ma lum
am

na

Come back

irja'

Come here

ta al

Come in

U^^

Do you hear ?
Do you know
"

anta arif

?
?

anta ta raf ?

It

Forgive

udkhul, kliushsh
anta sami

me

Uxouse

huna

la

me

tuwakhidhni

samihni

From here

min huna

Go away

ruh min huna

Good-bye

bikhatirkum

Good-bye (answer)

ma

Vowd soumda : hat,

a-s-salamah

ow

father; bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au =

in cow.
*See 'N.B.', p. 12.
9, t, ?, hard.

Dotted consonants, h, d,
ArabtoSeV-Taught

(97)

98

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.

9J

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

100
BSGLISH.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.
BNaiiisH.

101

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

102

PBONUHCIiTION.

ENGI;ISH.

He

is

a clever fellow

hu jada

He

is

a liar

huwa kadhdhab

He

is

drunk

huwa

He

is

under

He

is

very angry

my

shatir

sakran

huwa taM amri

orders

huwa

za'lan kathir
~~

He

is ill

huwa

He

learned Englisli

at allam ingllzi

He

told

aiyan

huwa

me

qal

li

HoH your toilgue

uskut, ikhras

How

kaif halat ?

do you do

>>

kaif khatirak ?

)'

j>

How many piastres ?

How much do you sell

kam

qirsh

bikam tabi hadha ?

AJli
\i

this for ?

How must we go to ?
How foolish he is

ma

am

astonished

am

going

am

not ahle

cannot

ana mut ajjib

u\ ana rayih

(it

ma
is

me

not

aqdarsh

ma yumkinni

to)

you

I have not

ana uhaqqiq lak

-ma indi

am

angry with you

ana

am

cold

ana bardan

am hungry

ana jau an

am

ana mush jau an

not hungry

Vowd

t:'j

possible for

I assure

ma ahmaquh

hfi-1-tariq ila

fi.

sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ;

Dotted consonants, li, d, $, t, ^, hard.

za

al

ma ak

au = ow in cow.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES
English.

I
J

am

Akaeio.

tired

Pbonunoiation.

[to it

ana ta ban

am not accustomed

am wrong

am

right

ana malish 'adah flh

al-haqq alaiya

al-haqq

I cannot, ain not able

.Si\

Ut>

JM^

I do not care

kn6w

I do

not

I do

not speak Arabic

I cannot"

103

ma

la ubali

a rif

la

ma

^^J^

learn Arabic

if

you speak English

to

me

atkallam arabi

ma

aqdar

at'allam

arabi idha

kunt tu-

kallimni bil-inglizi

have no appetite

ma

li

I have no passport

ma

'indi

ma i

aqdarsh

I live at

I never sarw

qabliyah

ana sakin

UjI

him

^J.yJJ:^ I.

J want

ma

fl

shuftush abadan

biddi,

aviz

want to buy

biddi ashtari

am

ana mush radi

am mistaken

ana ghaltan

pray you

altamis ilaika

ti

If

not willing

lil-akl

tadhkara

hi ardak

tj

min

you please

fadlak, in shi'ta

Is it true ?

ahadha sahlh ?

I believe not

ma

azinn

azunnahu

I think it probable

muhtamalan
It is of

no consequence

<fc=;?

J:lL

la tail tahtahu

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle;

'

Dotted'-conaonants, h, d,

, t, ?,

iiard.

au = ow in cow.

104

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.
English.

AnABIO.

sami tu shaian

time to go

It is

rather cloudy-

al-sama

It is

a pleasure

hadha wajib

i,

you good-night

tomorrow

It is

in sha-allah

I don't oare

make

I beg your

(excuse

la yagluhi lishai

It is so, really

sa-a'ud arak ghadan

good for nothing

I will

Lout

la ubali

hadha hakadhahaqq'in

it

shift with-

It

is

pardon

la

^\

al-

afu

me) /

long

way

It is close at

qarlbil-ihtimal

masafah ba'idah

oE

hand

bilqurb

Just as usual

hasabi-1-

Keep to the right

Knock at the door

Lend

tuwakhidhni

me)

very likely

It is a

ana astaghni 'annu

i^.

beg your pardon

* (forgive

mughimah

"^

hope so

ana-1-dhahab

tamsi ala khair

you again

I will see

ma

It is

I wish

Pbonunciation.

have heard none

105

me

_$si.iJ

adah

^AX t.l>-i^ khallik ala

yaminak

duqq-1-bab
aslifni

Let

me

alone

khallini

Let

me

help you

khallini

u Tnak

Lift the latch

irfa'i-1-suq'qatah

Light the candle

walli ish-sham ah

Vowd sounds:

au = ow

hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle;

Dotted eoTisonants, h, 4, ij, t, ?, hard.

in cow.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

106
English.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.

107

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

108

i^.

That's enough

There

They

is

PEONtlNOIATION.

Aeabio.

Engush.

no haj-m

J-

are all alike

j'^'*^

jU

L5
(_Si

yikfi,

bass

ma.fi darar

j*^ kuUuhum

zai ba da<

hum
me

This annoys

very

^^ ,j^y,. \i>^

ilni

kathJr

much
They say

yakulun hakadha

so

The night
The moon
The

hadha yuza

is

al-lail

dark

shines

ar-rih baxidah

-wind is cool

khudh burnus

Take a cloak

hadha-1-haqq kullu

the whole truth

That

is

The

flies

muzlim

al-qamar zahir

al-dubban mukaddir

are trouble-

usbur buna, istanna

[some

Wait here

huna
"Wait until he comes

usbur hatta yaji

Walk

imshi ala mahlak

We

slowly

biddana nakul

will eat

Welcome

ahlan wasahlan

Welcome

marhaba

to

you

my

Welcome,

>

J^J^^

am

Well, I

We

can by no means

permit

We

satisfied

not

any

cause to complain

Vowd

sadiqi-

1-azTz
taiyib,

la

ana

iktafait

naqdar in nadhin
'

bihi-1-battah

it

have

marhabafikya

dear

friend

fik

ma

lana

min

illat

lil-shakwa

sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle;

Dotted consonants, h, d, $, t, ^, iiard.

au = ow

in cow.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.

109

no

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.
Bngush.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.
EHeiilSH.

Akabic.

Tou come with me

You

are too

young

Tou must dress well

You must be quick

You

are ready

now

111

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

112

How

mucli

Pbonunciation.

Aeabio.

Engmbh.

kam -l-ujrah

the fare

is

hntta ?

to the station ?

[much

piastres

He

the

porter

arba at

qurush

how

wal- attal

kam

haqqu qirshain wata-

entitled to ask

is

shakhs

kul

Each person four

And

lilma-

c"

is

lib bakhshish., lian-

asking for baqshish.

id-dunya shaub wal-

two

and

piastres,

because

the luggage

'afsh thaqil

hot and

it is

is

heavy

Is the luggage correct

yatara-l- af sh

Eleven pieces

Tou

left

one

in

khallait

the

lazim tursilu-1- attal

send

to

yas-al anha

inquire

it

I quite forgot

nasaituha bit-tamal

it, sir

ya

Thank goodness
one

is

fll-

markab

You must

ahout

wahida

thc'

steamer

porter

tamam?

ihda shar razma

bringing it

some

sidi

al-hamdu

now

lillah.

wahad jayibha

alan

The Railway.
Is the station far ?

HS^je.1

iks^l

lSj'

yatara al-mahatta |

ba Ida

No

a quarter of an kJii (LcLj

hour's distance only

t^J

Aj.^

la

masafat rub sa

faqat

Vowei sowiuU: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle

al'i

.,|

au = owiii cow.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.
Enoubh.

Ababic.

113
PBONTOiaiATlON.

Wlen does the train go ?

mata yusafiru-1-qitar?

In hall an hour

ba d nu?s sa ah

ttOW,

not

will

it

hefore

start

yaqum

the

come

mails

We need

not hurry

la

luzum

min

qabl in taji-

lil-'ajalah

ruh

fsyilak

wajibi-1-tadhakir

tickets

ma

hal

l-b5sta

go and get the

[Please

kull

ala

want four

ayiz arba

flrst-class

mahallat

darajaula

K
There

is

naqisa tadhkara

a ticket short

wahida
Never mind
bring

ma

will

And the money

is

tamam

piastre is

[(By the

Jlkj

bad

lak

^ij

j:>ji

ahi

qirsh wa^id battal

wahayat abuk huwa

of your

life

ajib

wad - darahim

it

right"?

One

alaish

wahida thaniyah

you another

taiyib

father) I swear, it is

good

You

are right,

it

al-haqq

is

bass qadim

only old
I

ma ak huwa

would like

ahubb

ask

to

as-al

at-tur

juman

the interpreter
I

There
I

is

him

all

ma

no need to

will ascertain

from

the same

drabic Self-Tcntghl

ma

fish

luzum

dhalik urid asta

lim

father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle;

Doited cpneonanis, h, d, 9, t, j, hard.

Vowd samida hat,

I

(J*:i~!^

minhu
au = ow in cow.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

114
Ehqush.

Pbonunciation.

Ababio.

The luggage goes with-

al-

afsh yaruh balash

la,

ana dafa

out extra charge

No

haTe paid 15

piastres

here

the

is

ta shar

receipt

ma

good

journey

You

Are you

going

Jerusalem

shdl

day

to

tjij AiJl liLffi

ji up

there

.\i\

iM
'.J'

days,

'\,
:;

<-jI)

waiting

is'

weeks at

ma

is

we

you when you

return from

Vowd

atain

au

ma

narja'

ila biladi-1-ingilz

aiyib
j'

Uj *jCs5^\

Bethi:;"

God

yakfish yalzam-

shai qabl

lehem
Please

arba'at

qasduna nashuf kull

to see

perhaps I shall

ilal-

thalatha 'alal-aqall

go back to England

see

fiha

kum jum

or three

everything before

Good

rayihin

lana

least

Our intention

yatara

aiy am n antazir sahib

not enough; you

two

wasalna-l-yaum faqat

nuqim

>r

for a friend

require

fi

quds?

u^

stay

lakum

sar

barr Masr

We arrived only to

It

as-salamah bihif z-

kam

have you,

long

four

ha

il-lah

been in Egypt

We

qirsh

hadratkum musafirin

are travellers

How

khamsa-

huwa-1-wasl

you

wish

insha- Allah

ashufkum
tarja

min

lanima
Bait-

ruhm
!

a!J1

'L

insha-Allah

sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle;

Dotted consonants^ h, d, 9, t, 5, hard.

au

=0W in cow.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES

115

.
.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

116
Bhgmsh.

What
times

at

is

dinner at

And

ma

... and
.

alghada assa ah
.

<ul.JI

Can I dine

in

fl

the w.c.

ayumkinni atghadda

room?
is

waqt muqarrar

fl

wal-futur

my

wal asha assa ah

ma

no fixed time

is

breakfast ?

Where

hi sa'at-1-akl ?

Lunch,

There

Peontiuoiation.

Ababio.

meal-

the

are

audati?

fain bait-l-rahah ?

want a warm hath

ayiz

hammam

sukhun
Give me a piece of soap
Grive

me

Where
I

a'tini shaqfat

a towel

the bell

is

sabun

a tmi minshafah

"
1

fain-l-jaras ?

want a candle

ayiz

I think of leaving to-

sham ah

anwi-1-dhahab bukrah

morrow
Call

me

early in the

salihini

morning
Call

my

Take me

servant
to the station

badri

fis -

sabah

i_r"^^
<iLs^

1-?'jlj

L5^

nadi khadimi

Jk^ khudhni lil-mahLi^tah

Meals.
(For Vocabulary, see p. 34.)

Please bring tea and

min fadlak

Bring bread and butter

Vnwd

jib

shaii

waqa q

cakes

^j-Jy

jib

khubz wa-zibdah

nounda: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle;

Dotted consonants, h, d, s. t. z, hard.

au^owin cow.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.

117

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

118
Ehgush,

me

Give

Pbondhoiatios.

Ababio.

little,

a tmi shuwaiyah

please

min

fadlak

min fadlak

Will you pass the

khardal

mustard ?

me

Pass

nawilni-1-

nawilni-l-maraqah

the sauce

shuwaiyat

ya-sufraji

Waiter, some bread

khubz

What wine

you

will

sidi?

take, sir?

Show me

nabidh tashrab ya-

ai

the wine

qayimat - 1

warrini

list

nabidh

Lj-LOi \j^ LLiAii^

Have you English

indak blra inglizi-

fi

yah?

beer?

Open the

iftah-il-qannmah

bottle

Is this water filtered

hadha

yatara

musafEa
Is

good for drinking

it

Change

^il^.

>

my plate

- 1 -

ma

hal yaslah lil-shurb ?

ghaiyir sahni

Correspondence^ Post, Telegrams,

etc.

(For Vocabulary, see p. 47.)

Have no

'No,

He

letters

ma

come

U^

none have come

ought to be here

^Ji\

Lb ujl

^J:

li

makatib?

ma

ja shai

yakun huna

al-an

heard notmng
nothing
have neara
Vowel sounds :

la

yajib an

by now
I

ia-at

me ?

for

^.i

i^^:,.^xa^

\^
U

ma

sami t snai
shai

machine, put, rule, aisle ;

Dotted conaonante, h, 4, 9, t, f, hard.

hat., father, bit,

au = OW in cow.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.
English.

Arabio.

PBONnUOIATION.

Has the mail steamer

yatara wasal waburr

J.

arrived ?

Go aad see
is

ul-bosta ?
if

the mail

in

lai:-Js.ia

ruh washuf
<U3~1>J'

Are there any letters

me

for
I

Please

makatib

IT ?

[letters

to

ma

my

forward

letters

in kanat-

il-bos^a wa?alat
fi

have not received any

Please

119

istalamt makatib

min fadlak irsil maka-

tlbi ila

weigh this letter

IJJS

min fadlak uzan

^jj\

hadha-1-maktub

Howmuch is the postage

,

on these letters

USB) i(k-jij

!SjS>-\

J,

kam

ujrat

bSstat

hadhi-1-makatib

Can you lend me a pen?

taqdar tusullifni

qalam ?
Have you a lead pencil ?

^js^j Jj_lLSjc Jjo hal

indak qalam

risas ?
I

want some note-paper

Give ine an envelope

Where

the ink

is

me

Lend

fain-il-hibr ?

piece

of

hlotting-paper

Give

ayiz waraq kitabah

a tini zarf

sallifni

-warakat

nashshafah

me some stamps

a'tmi ba

(J

tawabi

bosta
Tell
[

him

will

qui luh yantazir

to wait

send

later

V(Md sounds :

reply

ursil-ul-jawab

ba dain
hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ;
Dotted conaanants, h, ^, ^, t, z, hard.

au = ow in cow.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT

120
Engush.

Can

PEONOTIOIATrON.

Akabio,

yatara yumkinniursil

I send a telegram ?

teleghraf

I have

telegram from
I

min

address are

-l^KiS

am

tini sarf

hadhi-1-ha walah

This letter

is

to

hadha-1-m aktub

he

registered

lil-tasjtl

Registered letter

me

min fadlak a

money

order

Give

ana-l-mnrsil

the sender

Please cash this

wa- anwannh

huma
I

ism-ul-muwadda ilaih

name and

ayiz hawalat hosta

want a postal order

The payee

wasalni teleghraf

received

a receipt for

>

-J

maktub mnsaukar
a tini bihi wasl

it

Shopping.
I

want some

This

silk is

silk

very dear

ayiz shuwayat fcanr

hadha-1-harir

ghali

kathir

This material wears

I will guarantee it
I don't guarantee it

Please show

me some

gloves
Vowel sounds

hadha-l-q[umash

yadum zaman

well

ana aijmanuh

ana la admanuh

min

fadlak

ala
:

^awil

hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle

Dotted consonante, h, d, $, t, 7, hard.

farrijni

ba d kuf uf

au = ow

in cow.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.
ENausH.
I

want a

cross

made

121

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

12i

Ababio.

ENQI/ISH.

you have

can't let

tliem for less

.

buy these

I will

How do you like ttese ?

I don't like any of these

Do you want anything

iyJ

else?

Send the things

to

my

hotel

What name,

sir?

An
Wake me

early in the

morning

We
the

are going to

Mount

see

of Olives

to-morrow

Do you want me

to get

the donkeys ready ?

Perhaps we shall go

in

a carriage, but any-

how we

shall' take

food with us

Tes,

sir

everything

will be all right

You

must take

the

necessaries for tea

Excursion.

(JjSi

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.
Enqijbh.

The

Arabio.

Peohtokjiation.

teapot, the spirit,

air

matches, and every-

123

^.J^^,

ibriqu-sh

wal-

shai

wal-kabrit,

sbiritu,

thing must be

wakull shai

wrapped

yaltaff bil-waraq

have

in paper

wrapped

up

everything and put

'^ j^ <-^s

laffait kiill

lazim

shai

wa-

hattaitu fis-salla

it

into the basket

We

can buy oranges

UL. yumkinna

-:fj

and melons

on the

i'

u"^}

way
Good

''ff'.i

ai;/iJl
do not' forget

J>-wJl

the wine

We

want

to go

up the

not

tansa-1-

narid natla lifauqi-1-

ma-dhana

Just as you wish, sir;

it tires

fl^-tariq

la

nabidh

minaret

it is

wanahnu
taiyib

\J^

nashtari

burtuqan wabattikh

difficult,

khatirak

ala

but

one

khawaja

ma

ya
fl

walakini-1-

su uba,

insan yat ab
I will bring a permit
for

This

you
is

all to

ajib

go up

l_yJi^

necessary

It will cost

:j-5.

two piastres

,xs

ifAJI)

rukhsa likullikiim

litatla

hadhi druriyah

thamanha

J^.

an

each
Is the lady strong,

and

can she also go up

ij.s

e:_^l

kawiyah

wataqdar tatla

kaman

fl^^liJl

qirshain

kuU shakbs

yatara-1-sit

U.,Uj_lk>-_

[once

Get the tea ready at

yds>-

haddiri-sh-shai halan

Vowel sounde : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ;

DQttii contowants, h, 4, ?, \, % hard.

au = o w in cow.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

124

PnOirtJNOIATION.

The horse is goinglame,

and

The

uW'j

al-hi?an ya ruj

'^j'^.

driver

al

beatinfr

is

the horse without any

iX)

i.)l"ASI

He knows
is

ammal

arhaji

yadrubu-1-hisan

ya

his business

rif

shughlu

huwa mush

not cruel

time

Another

are all alike

qasi

al-m arra-th-th aniy a

will

take some one else

They

bidiin sabab

reason

He

ban kathir

very tired

is

wata

J-

akhudh wahad ghairu

kuUuhum mithl

'

ba dahumi-1-ba d

Have

made an

you

account of what you

have spent
I

have

hal

\^j^

^\ ^\j^

darahim

hisaba-dilli

saraf-

taha?

spent

Turkish

liras,

mejidis,

and

three

four
fifteen

saraft thalathat lirat

L'

t^jb

iJi\Ats.

,Aiu*,K~-. (Jub J*^.sr*

uthmaniyah waarba majidiyat wa-

khamsat asharqirsh

piastres

I hope

amilt

you,

sir,

the

asa in hadratkucn ya

f^'

wal-

othoi-

sTdi was-sittat

gentlemen have en-

khawajatu-th-

joyed yourselves

thaniyln inbasat-

ladies,

and the

to-

tum-l-yaum

day

We

all

enjoyed

excursion,
ladies
tired

are

only
a

kuUuna inbasatna

our
the
little

jl:uJ\

LiiJ
liiJ

ij

i.}-

^~^1
IS

satratna
faqalji

qasira,

s - sittat

ta banat

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ;

Dotted conscmarUs, h, d, 9, t, ;, hard.

- 1 -

fi

shuwaiyah

au = ow in cow.

Passages of Arabic with Pronunciation and

Translation interlined.

"The

1.

kL>^i^]

Lokd's

liyataqaddasi

Thy name hallowed

-s-sama'i

be

fi

the heavens

in

the heaven in

ij,>j'>^i-^

cij'uJ

litakun

malakutuka

liya'ti

be done

Thy kingdom

come

Ju

li-Ui

[jy^

j>p\

a'tina

kafafana

khubzana

-1-ardi

our bread

the earth

sufficient for

^^

us

ur
Ui

boy J

nahnu naghfiru kama

we

forgive

as

'ala

kadhalika

upem

so
-^-^

ITJ

II

J^^y

l.,

dhtinubana

lana

waghflr

-1-yauma

our trespasses

us

and forgive

to-day

Uli^-iJ
-'

'J

fi

tudkhilna

wn-la

ilaina

asa'a

into

lead us

and not

against us

trespassed

^s-

abana

which" art our Father

Irlkil

give us

9-13).

-l-ladhi

:Ui

kama mashi'atuka
as
Thy will

fi

vi,

,sT\

-s-samawafc

Ui

sUl!

(Matt,

cyl.:;!!!

.SiiliJ

-s-muka

Pkater"

liman
to

them who

^.}^
lianna

-sh-shimri

mina

najjina

lakin

tajribatin

for that

the evil one

from

deliver us

but

temptation

SS-,;;]W

ri^-^

wal-majda

wal-quwata

-l-mulka

and the glory

and the power

the kingdom

arnin

(125)

laka
to

Thee helongeth

-1-abadi

ila

the eternity

to

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

126

Qur'an (Koean), chap,

2.

verse 169.

ir,

\p

L^^l

Jut

^.

fi

taghlu

la

-1-kitabi

ahla

ya

in

commit extravagance

not

-l-haqqa

ilia

the truth

except

top ^

-1-llahi

book

people

'ala

taqulu

wa-la

dlnikum-

of

speak

and not

your religion

God

y'C^

of the

f O

L5"

Maryama
apostle of Mary

-bnu

'isa

-1-Masihu

innama

the son

Jesus

the Christ

for verily

rasiilu
is

the

Maryama
Mary

alqaha
-which He' conveyed

bil-llahi
in

Grod

vva-talimatuhu

ila

into

fa

believe

-1-llahi

Word

of Grod

minhu

wa ruhun

from Himself

and a Spirit

aminu

therefore

and his

^ji
thalathatun

tuqiilu

wa-la

-wa-rusulihi

a Trinity

say

and not

and His apostles

Idiomaiio translation of the above

people of the Book

and speak not

of

the son of Mary,

commit no extravagance

God except the

is

God and His

your religion

from Himself. Believe

and say not " a Trinity ''.

Spirit, proceeding

apostles,

in

For verily Christ Jesus,

God, and His "Word -which He

truth.

the apostle of

conveyed into Mary, and a

therefore in

MONEY.
Turkish Government Currency used in Syria, with
the English and American equivalents.
Gold Coihs.

.....

2i lira
Lira 'Uthmaniyali

i
i

'

lira
lira

Also in circulation
Lira IngUziyah

'

Lira Faransawiyali

=
=
=
=

250
100

110

Amebtcan.

English,

Fiastres,

s.
=

about 2

d,

--

Dollars,
10-91

4-36

IS

SO

2-18

25

1-09

4-85

3-88

about

SiiTJCE Coins.
Fiastres.

Majidi

20

Nusf Majidi

10

Zihrawi

about

Rub' Majidi
2 piastres

Dollars.

d.

0-87

9^

0-43

0-26

102

0-21

4i

0-08

2i

0-04

Pnrns.^
Piastre

'

id

Also in

circii

lation

'

20

Sbilling

Franc

0-19

In addition niciel coins of 20 and 10 paras and bronze coins

(40 paras

are current.

N.B.

AH

0-25

10

ol'

10 and o paraa

1 piastre.)

Government taxes and dues are paid according

to tbis fixed standard,

but the value of tbe above in piastres varies greatly in the different provinces,
for all other payments. This applies also to raUway fares.
Credit notes can be cashed in English gold.

English and American

money with

equivalents.
English.

60
25
10
5

s.

d.

the Turkish

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

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