T-s plot for a pure substance (e.g.

water)

2
1

Constant volume
lines are steeper than
constant pressure lines.
Isotherms and isobars are
the same in the two-phase
region.
Constant pressure lines in
the compressed liquid
region almost coincide
with saturated liquid
lines.
Heat supplied in process
1-2?
Internal energy change of
a closed system executing
process 1-2?

h-s plot or the Mollier diagram for a pure

substance.
Horizontal line segment

Tds dh vdP
h
T
s P

entropy change during an

isenthalpic process
(application: throttling)
Vertical line segment
enthalpy change during
an isentropic process
(application: turbine).
Constant pressure lines
are inclined straight lines
in the two-phase region,
since temperature is also
constant.
In the superheated
region, isotherms lines
become more and more
horizontal as pressure is
reduced (h=h(T) for an
ideal gas.)

T-s and h-s plots: a more detailed

schematic

Constant h lines on T-s plot.

Constant T lines on h-s plot.
Constant pressure lines, critical point, SLL, SVL?

An actual h-s chart (Mollier diagram) for

water

T-s and h-s plots: Recap

Show critical point, SLL and SVL on T-s plot.Easy and must know
Show constant P lines on T-s plot.
Show constant v lines on T-s plot.
Show constant P lines on h-s plot. Inside the vapor dome, why straight lines;
why inclined; why diverging from one another.
Show constant h lines on T-s plot. Why horizontal in superheated region far
away from dome?
Show constant T lines on h-s plot. Why horizontal in superheated region far
away from dome?
Show critical point, SLL, SVL on h-s plot.

Characterizing and comparing the performance of engineering

steady flow devices using first and second laws
2

v2>v1

Single stream devices

An open system undergoing

Open or closed?
steady flow adiabatic process
Simplifying assumptions:
steady state (fluctuations averaged over, startup or shutdown transients absent)
adiabatic but not necessarily reversible
Either due to insulation on walls, or because transit time of fluid is much smaller than
typical time required for significant heat transfer etc.
Possible irreversibilities: fluid solid friction, shocks; internal hot zones etc.