The

Catalyst
GRAMMAR
What is grammar?
The art of reading, writing and speaking correctly is called
grammar.
To get the knowledge of grammar we should have the
knowledge of the parts of speech.
NOUN
Noun is the name of a person place or a thing:
Ex: Ram is a good boy
Bombay is a big city.
I have three pencils.

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KINDS OF NOUNS
There are 7 kinds of Nouns
1. Common Noun
2. Proper Noun
3. Collective Noun
4. Abstract Noun
5. Materail Noun
6. Countable Noun
7. Uncountable Noun
(1) Common Noun: The common names of a person place or
a thing are called common Noun.
Ex:
(i) There are many mountain ranges in the world.
(ii) The birds are flying in the sky.
(iii) There are many animals in the zoo.
(iv) The boys are playing in the field.

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(2) Proper Noun: The specific names of a person, place or a
thing is called a proper noun.
Ex:
(i) Ram is a good boy.
(ii) Lion is the king of forest.
(iii) Peacock is our National bird.
(iv) I have a Nataraj pencil.

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(3) Collective Noun: A collection or group of person places
or things are called collective nouns.
Ex:
(i) A bunch of grapes.
(ii) A gang of robbers.
(iii) A band of musicians
(iv) A pack of cards

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(4) Abstract Noun: The qualities and actions are called
abstract nouns.
Ex:
(i) He is a happy man.
(ii) She is an honest girl.
(iii) Dont be Sad.

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(5) Material Noun: The names of the metals are called
material nouns.
Ex:
(i) Gold is a precious metal.
(ii) Iron is a cheap metal
(iii) I have a diamond ring
(iv) Alluminium is very expensive.

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(6) Countable Nouns: The nouns which can be counted are
called countable nouns.
Numbers 1 to..................
Ex:
(i) I have 3 pencils
(ii) Ram has four cars.

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(7) Uncountable Nouns: The nouns which cannot be counted
are called uncountable nouns.
Ex: few, some, A Lot of, many etc.

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NUMBER
Number gives as the knowledge that the persons, places or
things are one ore more than one.
KINDS OF NUMBERS
There are two types of Numbers:
(i) Singular Number
(ii) Plural Number

Singular Number: If the person places or thing are one

they are called singular number.
Ex: Boy, garden, Orchard, Bat, Baby.

Plural Number: If there are more than one person, place

or a thing it is called plural number.
Ex: Boys, gardens, Orchards, Bats, Babies

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RULES TO CHANGE A SINGULAR INTO PLURAL
NUMBER
(1) If a noun ends with a consonants and there is a vowel
before the consonant then we use s in noun and make it
plural
Bat
Bats
Rat
Rats
Net
Nets
Bed
Beds
(A,E,I,O,U) = Vowels
Leaving these five alphabets rest 21 Alphabets are
consonants.
(2) If there is y at the end of the noun then to make it plural
we remove the y and add ies.
Baby

Babies
Lady

Ladies
Lily

Lilies
Carry

Carries
(3) If there is F, Fe at the end of a noun then to make it plural
we remove F, Fe and add ves.
Thief

Thieves
Wife

Wives
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(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Life

Lives
Loaf

Loaves
If a noun ends with o, oo, x, ch, sh then we add es and
make it plural:
Box

Boxes
Mango
Mangoes
Brush

Brushes
Bunch
Bunches
Clutch
Clutches
In some nouns we add en and xen to make it plural:
Ox

Oxen
Child

Children
In some nouns we change the vowel and make it plural:
Foot
Feat
Tooth

Teeth
Man
Men
Some nouns are same both in singular and plural:
Sheep

Sheep
Deer

Deer
Hair

Hair
Bear

Bear

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