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Flares Refining Petrochemical
Flares Refining Petrochemical
Economical Solutions
FLARES
and boiler burners, thermal oxidizers, flare gas recovery and vapor
serve industries across the globe. Our flares, process burners, duct
The strength of our JZ and Kaldair product lines firmly establishes John Zink Company as a world leader in advanced flare systems for refining
and petrochemical industries.
other flaring effects that impact your business. Our flare experts
engineer these systems from the operators point of view, with a focus
Table of Contents
Flare Selection Guide ....................................................................2
Smokeless Steam-Assisted Flares..................................................4
Efficient Air-Assisted Flares............................................................6
Community-Friendly Enclosed Flares..............................................8
Economical High-Pressure Flares.................................................10
Advanced Design Principles and Technologies..............................12
Superior Pilots, Pilot Monitors and Control Systems.....................14
Flare Test Center..........................................................................17
a challenge. The following guide will help you identify the flare best
suited to achieve your environmental and economic goals.
See page 14
See www.johnzink.com
See www.johnzink.com
See www.johnzink.com
OWB or
DF Flare
Flare Gas
Recovery
Unit
Landfill
Gas Flare
RIMFIRE or
Endothermic
HALO Flare
Utility
Flare
Yes
Yes
Liquid
Waste
Fluid
Phase
Gas
Is there an
acceptable use
for the gas?
Mixed
No
Is waste
bio-gas?
See www.johnzink.com
See page 4
Pit
Flare
STEAMIZER
Flare
No
Gas
Pressure
Low
Is minimum
cooling steam
required?
Yes
No
No
Does waste
have a low
heating value?
No
Is smokeless
and/or low
radiation burning
required?
Yes
Is minimum noise
and/or high
smokeless
capacity required?
Yes
Is steam
available and
practical?
No
Is steam
quantity limited?
No
Is high-pressure
assist gas available
and practical?
High
Yes
CONDAIR
Flare
STEDAIR
Flare
QS Series
Flare
Air-Assisted
Flare
See page 5
See page 5
See page 6
No
No
POSEIDON
Flare
Yes
Is water available
and practical?
No
MARDAIR
Flare
Yes
Yes
Gas
Pressure
Low
Yes
Is visible flame
acceptable?
High
Is ample plot
space available?
Yes
Ground
Level
LRGO
No
No
See page 10
Yes
No
KEGF
or ZTOF
Ground Flare
Yes
HYDRA
Flare
Is 100% smokeless
turndown required
or highly desirable?
Yes
VS INDAIR
or KMI Flare
See page 11
See page 9
No
Gas-Assisted
Flare
FS INDAIR
Flare
See www.johnzink.com
Steam-Assisted Flares
safe. economical. smokeless.
John Zink Company offers five steam-assisted flare systems to
Research
and
Development
Test
Center,
John
Zink
Halo and QS, and Kaldair Stedair flare systems use advanced,
impact of flaring.
Steamizer
Steam
Jets
Features
Benefits
Minimizes environmental/
community impact of flaring
Converging-diverging supersonic
nozzles increase air eduction
efficiency with reduced noise.
Technology detail on page 13.
(dBA)
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
Acoustic Performance
1st
2nd
3rd
Propylene smokeless
flow rate (lb/hr)
Steam Supply
Smokeless Performance
90000
87000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
63000
49000
1st
2nd
3rd
Generation of Steam Flare
SKEC , Halo
patented*
patented*
QS
Stedair
The rugged Stedair flare uses less steam than traditional
steam-assisted flare systems and offers smokeless burning. The
Stedair flares rugged yet simple Coanda design mitigates tip
damage due to low flow burnback and operation under steam-loss
conditions. The Stedair muffler delivers quiet operation.
Features
Benefits
Minimizes environmental/
community impact of flaring
SECONDARY
AIR
INDUCED
AIR
STEAM
FLAME
STABILITY
LUG
PRIMARY
MIXING
REGION
COANDA
PROFILE
ANNULAR
SLOT
FLARE GAS
STEAM
CHEST
STEAM
Stedair Schematic
SKEC Flare
Air-Assisted Flares
energy-efficient. low noise. long service life.
Processing and refining facilities that require smokeless flares in
LHLB
patented*
Features
Benefits
Minimizes environmental/community
impact of flaring
Gas
Flow
Air
Flow
LH
Azdair
flare tip lasts longer than traditional air flares and creates clean,
upright flames with low radiation levels. The LH flare is ideal for
Features
Benefits
Features
Benefits
The LH air-assisted
flare is industrys most
economical choice
for small-to-moderate
smokeless needs.
LHTS, LS
The economical LHTS and LS flare designs meet low-to-moderate
smokeless requirements for low-pressure flare systems while still
enabling large emergency relief rates.
GAS
STREAM
BLOWN
AIR
DETAIL
OF MIXING
HEAD
MIXING
ZONE
GAS
DUCT
BLOWN
AIR DUCT
Enclosed Flares
zero smoke. low noise. no radiation.
Our JZ and Kaldair enclosed flare systems combust waste
length and width of the flare enclosure. As a result, the fin plate
minimizing the noise and visible flame from conventional flaring. The
noise. The ceramic blanket refractory lining eliminates cure time for
easy installation. This durable lining resists thermal shock and spall-
Many of our enclosed flare systems use a fin plate burner to help
control emissions where they form. The inclined, slatted design of
our fluidic wind fence delivers an even distribution of air across the
Gas Spreads
Into Fan
Shaped Film
Gas
Inlet
Gas
Exit
Mixing
Zone
Modular
Bolted
Panel
Construction
Exhaust Gases
Refractory
Lining
Fin Plate
Burners Fitted
at Base of
Enclosure
Fluidic
Wind Fence
Support
Legs
Gas Inlet Pipes
Air Inlet
Ground Level
The unique fluidic wind fence that surrounds the KEGF flare ensures an even
air flow distribution across the entire burner cross-sectional area.
ZTOF
KEGF
patented*
Features
Benefits
Features
Benefits
Provides a cost-effective,
non-assisted design
The ZTOF flare design has been used to provide up to 200 ton/hr enclosed
flare capacity in a dual unit enclosure design.
High-Pressure Flares
innovative design. low radiation.
smokeless.
Available in elevated or
neighborhood-friendly
ground-mounted
configurations,
the
LRGO
patented*
Features
Benefits
10
10
The LRGO multi-burner flare system can be provided with radiation fences
that completely shield the flame visibility and radiation at grade.
The LRGO flare is
provided with
staging systems to
ensure that short,
smokeless flames
are maintained over
the full operating
range of the flare.
Kaldair Multipoint
Indair (KMI)
Backed by more than 400 successful Indair flare tip installations
worldwide, oil and gas processors depend on the 100% smokeless,
low-radiation Kaldair Multipoint Indair (KMI) flare design for highpressure flare applications. The KMI flare uses the Coanda principle to
entrain and pre-mix large quantities of air into the flame, creating a
low-radiation, smokeless flare. The variable slot design provides
infinite smokeless turndown and high capacities without a need
for elaborate, staged, multi-flare designs.
The high-turndown
Features
Benefits
Reliable ignition
2nd Stage
1st Stage
The multi-arm variable slot KMI flare tip allows multiple setpoints to be
used on the spring-loading mechanisms. This provides a two-stage HP
flare design without the use of staging valves.
FLAME
INITIATION
ZONE
AIR
AIR
H.P.
GAS
11
flared gas at the base of the flare tip to the smokeless capacity.
determined.
Gas Spreads
Into Fan
Shaped Film
shape of its gas manifolds assists the entrainment of air. The overall
effect is a matrix-style burner that produces an excellent flame with a
Mixing
Zone
Gas
Exit
Gas
Inlet
1. The fin plate burner distributes the gas through a matrix of small holes
adjacent to a shaped plate or fin.
2. As the gas exits the hole, it impinges on the plate and forms a thin film.
3. Air mixes effectively with the film to promote high-performance
combustion.
12
Steam Supply
Gas
Flow
Air
Flow
The annular flare design maximizes the perimeter area and extends
tip life by minimizing internal burning.
GAS-AIR
MIXTURE
enhances the combustion process. John Zink applies the Coanda Effect
to its flare tip designs to harness the natural energy in relief gases, which
eliminates the need for outside assist mediums.
Principles of Operation
HOW THE
COANDA
EFFECT
WORKS
LOW
PRESSURE
REGION
COANDA PROFILE
SLOT
GAS
FILM
AIR DRAWN IN
BY GAS FILM
HIGH
PRESSURE
GAS
13
WindPROOFpatented*
windshield design to withstand the most severe winds and rain with
witnessed and verified that the WindPROOF flare pilot remains lit
under test conditions that exceeded 160 mph winds and 30 inch/hr
Energy-Efficient Pilots
EEP-500
The EEP-500 pilot is dependable, affordable and completely
adaptable to your current operations. Installed on hundreds of flares
worldwide, the long-lasting pilot uses John Zinks advanced windshield
design to ensure excellent ignition stability even in sub-zero climates.
The EEP-500 pilot consumes less natural gas than conventional pilots,
saving thousands of dollars in fuel per year, per pilot.
Patented WindPROOF flare pilot.
14
SoundPROOF patented*
alarm light and contacts for remote customer alarm systems are
included. Automatic or manual operation is available.
Zeus
and controls that can be located up to 1,500 feet from the pilot.
KEP-100
SoundPROOF acoustic
pilot monitoring system.
KEP-100
Other Accessories
PilotEye 2000
The PilotEye 2000 pilot monitor uses
troubleshooting needs.
ZOOM
The ZOOM monitor observes your flare for smoke and instantly
adjusts steam levels to return the flare to smokeless operation. The
Technology
We are
Resources
With more than 300 engineers and technical experts, John Zink
Company is recognized as the authority on combustion science and
Test Center is the nerve center for exploring new technologies that
address cleaner, more efficient combustion.
designs and tests JZ and Kaldair flare performance for the worlds
largest oil and gas production operations.
John Zink and its many brands of advanced combustion and pollution-control systems lead global industry with a vast base of successfully
operating systems.
16
John Zink Companys Research and Development Test Center is located on the campus of the companys world headquarters in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
for less than the best. Call John Zink Company for all your JZ and
Kaldair flare systems and technologies.
17
USA
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ASIA-PACIFIC
OTHER
Tel: +1-918-234-1800
Fax: +1-918-234-2700
Tel: +352-518991
Fax: +352-518611
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Tel: +81-3-5435-8551
Fax: +81-3-3491-3584
www.johnzink.com