NaturalAcidsofFruitsandVegetables

Fruits
Type
Apples
Apricots
Avocados
Bananas
Bilberry
Blackberries
Blueberries
Boysenberries
Cherries
Crabapple
Cranberries
Currants
Elderberries
Figs
Gooseberries
Grapefruit
Grapes
Kiwifruit
Kumquat
Lemons
Limes
Loganberry
Nectarine
OrangePeel
Orange
Passionfruit
Peaches
Pears
Pineapples
Plums
Raspberry
Rosehip
Quinces
Salad
Strawberries
Tangerine
Youngberries

PredominantAcids*Present
Malic,quinic,aketoglutaric,oxalacetic,citric,pyruvic,fumaric,lacticandsuccinicacids
MalicandCitricacids
TartaricAcid
Malic,citric,tartaricandtracesofaceticandformicacids
Citric
Isocitric,Malic,lactoisocitric,shikimic,quinic,andtracesofcitricandoxalicacids
Citric,malic,glyceric,citramalic,glycolic,succinic,glucuronic,galacturonic,shikimic,quinic,
glutamicandasparticacids.
Citric,malic,andIsocitricacids.
Malic,citric,tartaric,succinic,quinic,shikimic,glycericandglycolicacids.
Malic
Citric,malicandbenzoicacids.
Citric,tartaric,malicandsuccinicacids.
Citric,malic,shikimicandquinicacids.
Citric,malicandaceticacids.
Citric,malic,shikimicandquinicacids.
Citric,tartaric,malicandoxalicacids.
Malicandtartaric(3:2),citricandoxalicacids.
Citric
Citric
Citric,malic,tartaricandoxalicacids(noIsocitricacid)
Citric,malic,tartaricandoxalicacids.
Malic,citricacids
Malic
Malic,citricandoxalicacids.
Citric,malicandoxalicacids.
malic
Malicandcitricacids
Malic,citric,tartaricandoxalicacids
Citricandmalicacids.
Malic,tartaricandoxalicacids.
Citric
Malic
Malicacid(nocitricacid)
Citricandmalic
Citric,malic,shikimic,succinic,glyceric,glycolicandasparticacids.
Citric
Citric,malicandIsocitricacids.

Vegetables
Beans
Broccoli
Carrots
Mushrooms
Peas
Potatoes
Rhubarb
Tomatoes

Citric,malicandsmallamountsofsuccinicandfumaricacids
Malicandcitric(3:2)andoxalicandsuccinicacids.
Malic,citric,Isocitric,succinicandfumaricacids.
Lactarimic,cetostearic,fumaricandallantoicacids.
Malicacid.
Malic,citric,oxalic,phosphoricandpyroglutamicacids.
Malic,citricandoxalicacids.
Citric,malic,oxalic,succinic,glycolic,tartaric,phosphoric,hydrochloric,sulphuric,fumaric,
pyrrolidinonecarboxylicandgalacturonicacids.

*Acidswhichoccurinappreciablequantitiesareshowninitalics.Therelativeamountofeachvarieswidelywith
thevariety,degreeofripenessandseasonalinfluences.Completeidentificationsofalltheacidspresentinmany
oftheproductsisobviouslylackinginmanyinstances.

FoodProduct/
Applications
SoftDrinks

CitricAcidForm

Purpose

CitricAcid

SoftDrinks

SodiumCitrate

Wine

CitricAcid

Candies

CitricAcid

CannedFruitsand
Vegetables
JamsandJellies

CitricAcid

Impactsfindtangyflavour.Sequestersharmful
heavymetalions
Offersagreeable,cooling,salinetaste.Assistsin
retainingcarbonation.
Preventsordissolvesferricturbiditycausedby
tanninironorphosphateironcomplexes.
Enhancesflavouroffruitsandberries.Promotes
sucroseinversion.
Allowsreductionofretortingtemperature.
Preservesflavour,appearanceandconsistency.
pHadjustmentforoptimalpectingelling

GelatinDesserts

CitricAcid/Sodium
Citrate
CitricAcid/Sodium
Citrate

ProcessedCheese

SodiumCitrate

Antioxidants

CitricAcid

pHadjustmentforoptimalgelatinsetting.
Contributestotartnessandrefreshing
properties.
Stabilisesemulsifiedfat.Complexescalcium
ions.Improvesmicrobiologicalstability.
Actsassynergisttoantioxidantsdueto
complexationofheavymetalions

NaturalOccurrenceofCitricAcidinFruitsandVegetables
Plant
Lemons
Grapefruit
Tangerines
Oranges
Blackcurrant
RedCurrant
Raspberries
Strawberries
Apples
Potatoes
Tomatoes
Asparagus
Turnips
Peas
CornKernels
Lettuce
Eggplant

CitricAcid,wt%
4.08.0
1.22.1
0.91.2
0.61.0
1.53.0
0.71.3
1.01.3
0.60.8
0.008
0.30.5
0.25
0.080.2
0.051.1
0.05
0.02
0.016
0.01

TypicalUse
Level
0.250.4%
0.1%
00.3%
0.5%
0.1%
00.3%
2.5%

34%
0.02%