B GIO DC V O TO

TP ON BU CHNH VIN THNG VIT NAM

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

---------------------------------------

TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT

DCH V MNG MAN-E V QoS

NGNH : K THUT IN T
M S: 60.52.70
NGUYN HONG H

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC: PGS.TS PHM MINH H

H NI 2010

M u
Ethernet c bit l mt cng ngh ph bin nht trong mng LAN vi nhiu u
im nh n gin, mm do, ph hp lu lng IP, v chi ph thp. Theo thng
k trn Th gii [ngun t nhm EFM ca IEEE], Ethernet l cng ngh c
trin khai trn 90% trong mng LAN, v trn 95% lu lng Internet cng xut
pht t Ethernet. Do vy, cng vi xu th gi ho mng vin thng theo hng
mng th h sau (NGN), dch v v cng ngh Ethernet l mt ng c hp dn
nht cho pht trin mng truy nhp v mng MAN, WAN.
Vic p dng cng ngh Ethernet vo mng cung cp dch v mang li nhiu li
ch cho c nh cung cp dch v ln khch hng. Bn thn cng ngh Ethernet
tr nn quen thuc trong nhng mng LAN ca doanh nghip trong nhiu nm
qua; gi thnh cc b chuyn mch Ethernet tr nn rt thp; bng thng cho
php m rng vi nhng bc nhy ty l nhng u th tuyt i ca Ethernet
so vi cc cng ngh khc. Vi nhng tiu chun v ang c thm vo,
Ethernet s mang li mt gii php mng c tin cy, kh nng m rng v hiu
qu cao v chi ph u t.
Cng ngh MPLS chng t c v th i vi cc mng chuyn ti bng
rng. Mng Metronet s dng cng ngh MPLS l mt gii php hp l p ng
cc m hnh dch v v gii quyt c vn QoS.
Ti Vit Nam mng MAN-E ang c trin khai trn phm vi c nc.
Vn QoS, Cc m hnh QoS v vic anh x cc mc tha thun dch v SLA
vo QoS lun l vn quan trng hng u.
Cc dch v ca mng MAN-E nh l cc dch v E-LINE, E-LAN v E-TREE
dn ph bin v quen thuc vi chng ta.
QoS cho cc dch v Metro Ethernet, bao gm: phn loi lu lng khch hng
(C-VLAN), cc c tnh hp ng lu lng thch hp t User n giao din
mng (UNI), qun l lu lng mt cch thch hp v lp lch cho cc hng i
ti cc nodes, thu np iu khin v khp ni cc lung lu lng cho nhiu loi
dch v.
Vic nghin cu cc m hnh dch v v QoS ca mng MAN-E VNPT-H Ni
cho thy tnh ng dng vo thc t ca mng MAN-E.

Chng 1. Tng quan v mng MAN-E

1.1.

Gii thiu chung v mng MAN-E

Mng Ethernet th (MAN-E) l mng s dng cng ngh Ethernet, kt ni cc

mng cc b ca cc t chc v c nhn vi mt mng din rng (Wide Area
Network WAN) hay vi Internet.
1.1.1. nh gi v cng ngh mng Metro Ethernet
Tnh d s dng
Dch v Ethernet da trn giao din Ethernet chun, dng rng ri trong cc h
thng mng cc b (LAN).
Hiu qu v chi ph
Dch v Ethernet lm gim chi ph u t (CAPEX-capital expense) v chi ph
vn hnh (OPEX-operation expense). S ph bin ca Ethernet trong hu ht tt
c cc sn phm mng nn giao din Ethernet c chi ph khng t.
Tnh linh hot
Vi dch v Ethenet, cc thu bao cng c th thm vo hoc thay i bng thng
trong vi pht thay v trong vi ngy ngy hoc thm ch vi tun khi s dng
nhng dch v mng truy nhp khc (Frame relay, ATM,). Ngoi ra, nhng
thay i ny khng i hi thu bao phi mua thit b mi hay ISP c cn b k
thut n kim tra, h tr ti ch.
Tnh chun ha
MEF ang tip tc nh ngha v chun ha cc loi dch v v cc thuc tnh
ny.
1.1.2. Kin trc mng MAN-E
Mng Metro Ethernet s c xy dng theo 3 lp: Lp dch v Ethernet h tr
nhng tnh nng c bn ca lp; mt hoc nhiu lp truyn ti dch v; c th
bao gm lp dch v ng dng h tr cho cc ng dng trn nn lp 2. M hnh
mng theo cc lp da trn quan h client/server. Bn cnh , mi lp mng ny
c th c thit k theo cc mt phng iu khin, d liu, qun tr trong tng
lp.

4
1.1.3. Cng ngh mng MAN-E
Cc cng ngh cho mng MAN-E hin ti gm c :

Cng ngh SDH

Cng ngh WDM

Cng ngh thun Ethernet (Pure Ethernet)

Cng ngh MPLS

Cng ngh RPR

Cng ngh PBT

Cng ngh T-MPLS

1.2.

Cng ngh MPLS

1.2.1. Gii thiu v MPLS

MPLS l s kt hp ca k thut chuyn mch lp 2 v k thut nh tuyn lp
3. Mc tiu chnh ca MPLS l to ra mt cu trc mng mm do cung cp
cho c tnh m rng v n nh ca mng.
Trong mng MPLS, cc gi tin vo c gn nhn bi mt b nh tuyn chuyn
mch nhn bin (Edge LSR). Cc gi tin c gi theo mt ng chuyn
mch nhn (LSP). LSP l con ng m mi LSR s dng chuyn tip da
trn cc i x ring bit cho tng nhn. Ti mi chng, LSR g b cc nhn c
sn v thm vo mt nhn mi, sau thng bo cho chng k tip bit
chuyn tip gi tin. Nhn s c g b ti LSR bin v gi tin s tip tc c
chuyn tip n ch cn n.
1.2.2. Cc khi nim c bn
Mi tiu nhn gm c 4 trng:

Trng Label: Trng ny gm 20 bit, nh vy chng ta s c hn 1 t

nhn khc nhau s dng, y chnh l phn quan trng nht trong nhn
MPLS n dng chuyn tip gi tin trong mng.

Trng EXP: Trng ny gm 3 bit, n dng mapping vi trng ToS

hoc DSCP trong gi tin ti thc hin QoS.

5
Trng S: Ch c 1 bit, khi mt gi tin i qua mt tunnel, n s c nhiu
hn 1 nhn gn vo, khi ta s mt stack nhn, bit S ny dung ch ra
rng nhn ny c nm y Stack khng, nu y th S=1, ngc li
S=0..
Trng TTL: Trng ny nh trng TTL trong IP header, khi chuyn
tip gi tin nu nh router khng tm thy destination m vn c chy
trong mng th s xy ra loop lm ngh mng (congestion). TTL dng
khc phc iu ny, gi tr ban u ca n l 255, mi khi i qua mt
router th gi tr ny s gim i 1, nu nh gi tr ny gim v 0 m
gi tin vn cha ti ch th n s b rt (dropped). Khi gi tin n router
bin th trng TTL trong IP header s gim i mt v copy qua trng
TTL trong nhn MPLS, gi tr ny s gim dn khi i qua mng MPLS,
khi ra khi mang MPLS th trng nay li c copy qua trng TTL
trong IP header, nu gi tr l 0 th gi s b rt (drop)..

1.2.3. Hot ng ca MPLS

Nguyn l hot ng ch yu ca trong cng ngh MPLS l thc hin gn nhn
cho cc loi gi tin cn chuyn i ti cc b nh tuyn nhn bin LER, sau
cc gi tin ny s c trung chuyn qua cc b nh tuyn chuyn mch nhn
ng LSR.

1.3.

Cng ngh EoMPLS

1.4.

Tng quan v EoMPLS

1.4.1. Cc khi nim

Cng ngh L2 Tunneling: cho php nh x cc VLANs n 1 tunnel trong min
MPLS. Mt dch v L2 khng yu cu khch hng chy IP (kt ni VPN khng
yu cu nh ngha qua a ch IP), thay v th lu lng khch hng c nh x
n 1 VC (vd: nhn) da trn 802.1Q VLAN. V vy trong s trn ch ra
MPLS core ti lp 3, lu lng khch hng c ng gi v vn chuyn da
trn k thut L2 Tunneling y chnh l phng php ng gi v nh x nh
ngha EoMPLS.
ng gi EoMPLS: Da trn Martini hoc Vkompella IETF EoMPLS draft, thc
hin kt ni P2P, Router PE ng gi VLAN packet v nh tuyn n qua mng
MPLS ng trc.

6
1.4.2. c im
c im chc nng: Khng tm kim a ch MAC ch lp 2, khng hc a ch
lp 2 m cc VLAN ring bit hoc gi tin Ethernet c nh x n cc
EoMPLS VC v nh ng hm qua mng MPLS.
c im dch v:

Cc port vt l chuyn dng cho mi khch hng

C th cu hnh nhiu EoMPLS VCs trn mt port vt l

Da trn draft Martini, EoMPLS l kt ni P2P

Da trn draft Vkompella, EoMPLS l kt ni P2MP

Mi EoMPLS VC i qua cng LSP

Kh nng QoS trong MPLS bng cch nh x 802.1q n bit EXP ca nhn
MPLS. QoS da trn trng 3bit EXP, cc bits EXP ny c t trong c
Tunnel VC v Tunnel Labels. Vic nh x cho php m bo mc dch v v
m bo sn sng cho vic chuyn pht vi cc cng ngh WAN khc nhau.
1.4.3. Hot ng
EoMPLS dng phin LDP Targeted gia cc Router PE: to ra cc EoMPLS VCs

1.5.

Kin trc MAN-E ca Cisco

Theo Cisco, kin trc MAN-E c chia thnh 5 lp:

Access

Aggregation

Edge

Core

Service Application

Chng 2. Cc Dch v mng MAN-E

2.1.

Tng quan dch v mng MAN-E

2.1.1. Gii thiu chung v dch v mng MAN-E

Bn thn Ethernet l cung cp kt ni ch khng phi dch v. Vi s xut hin
cc dch v Metro Ethernet, cc nh cung cp dch v bt u dng cng ngh
kt ni Ethernet cung cp cc dch v Ethernet. V vy, cc dch v MAN-E
cng dng ti thut ng thuc tnh dch v ging nh cc dch v MAN/WAN.
EVC l s kt hp ca 2 hay nhiu UNI. Ni theo cch khc, EVC l ng hm
logical kt ni 2 (P2P) hay nhiu sites (MP2MP) cho php truyn cc khung
Ethernet gia chng. C 3 kiu EVC:

im - im EVC

a im - a im EVC

im - a im EVC

2.1.2. Cc kiu dch v mng MAN-E

Cc kiu dch v mng MAN-E bao gm : dch v kt ni, dch v ng dng
Dch v kt ni: cc loi dch v kt ni tng ng vi cc loi EVC k trn

Dch v im - im (Point-to-Point)

Dch v a im - a im (Multipoint-to-Multipoint)

Dch v im - a im (Point-to-Multipoint)

Dch v ng dng:

Dch v cho doanh nghip.

Dch v Triple Play.

Dch v Backhaul cho di ng.

2.1.3. Phn loi dch v ca MEF

Theo Metro Ethernet Forum, tng ng vi cc kiu EVC dch v mng MAN-E
gm cc kiu :

E-LINE

E-LAN

E-TREE

2.2.

Dch v E-LINE

Dch v E-LINE da trn mt kt ni o (EVC) im - im. Dch v E-LINE

c s dng cung cp cc dch v Ethernet im - im.
Dch v Ethernet Private Line (EPL)
Dch v EPL l mt dng ca dch v E-LINE. Dch v EPL s dng mt EVC
im-im gia hai UNI. EPL cung cp trong sut ca cc khung dch v gia
cc UNI tc l khi khung dch v c truyn i th mo u ca khung dch v
v d liu c ch ra ti c UNI ngun v UNI ch.
Dch v Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)
Dch v EVPL l mt kiu dch v E-LINE. Dch v EPL c s dng cung
cp cc dch v tng t nh dch v EPL tr mt s ngoi l. Th nht, dch v
EVPL cho php ghp dch v ti UNI. Th hai, mt EVPL khng cung cp
trong sut khung dch v cao nh dch v EPL bi v khi ghp dch v th mt s
khung dch v c th c gi ti mt EVC trong khi mt s khung dch v khc
c th c gi ti cc EVC khc.

2.3.

Dch v E-LAN

Kiu dch v Ethernet LAN (E-LAN) cung cp kt ni a im, tc l n c th

kt ni 2 hoc hn nhiu UNIs. D liu ca thu bao c gi t mt UNI c th
c nhn ti mt hoc nhiu d liu ca UNIs khc.
Dch v Ethernet Private LAN (EP-LAN)
Dch v EP-LAN c nh ngha cung cp vic duy tr th CE-VLAN v
ng hm ca giao thc iu khin lp 2. u im ca vic ny l thu bao c
th cu hnh cc VLAN ngang qua cc v tr m khng cn phi phi hp vi cc
nh cung cp. Mi giao din c cu hnh cho "all to one bundling" (gp dch
v) do , EP-LAN h tr vic duy tr ID ca CE-VLAN. Thm na, EP-LAN
cn h tr vic duy tr CoS ca CE-VLAN.
Dch v Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EVP-LAN)
Mt s thu bao mun dch v E-LAN kt ni cc UNI ca h trong mng
th v ti cng thi im t mt hoc nhiu UNI ca h mun truy cp ti cc

9
dch v khc. V d mt UNI l mt v tr thu bao mun truy cp ti mt dch v
IP cng cng hoc IP ring t mt UNI m c dng cho dch v E-LAN gia
cc thu bao khc trong mng Metro. Dch v EVP-LAN c nh ngha p
ng yu cu ny.

2.4.

Dch v E-TREE

Cc dch v cung cp kt ni Ethernet o, dng im a im (nh ngha theo

MEF 10.1) c th c gi l dng Ethernet Tree (E-Tree). Dch v E-Tree c
mt im gc v nhiu im l nhn thng tin hoc gi thng tin t/n gc.
Dch v Ethernet Private Tree EP-Tree
Thu bao vi nhiu site c th c yu cu cung cp kt ni gia cc site, cung
cp dch v khng ch theo hng s dng LAN. S c mt vi site lm im gc
cung cp dch v, cc site khc c gn vai tr l im l nhn dch v.
Dch v EP-Tree yu cu gi nguyn th VLAN ca khch hng (CE-VLAN) v
ng gi cc giao thc c bn lp 2.
Dch v Ethernet Virtual Private Tree EVP-Tree
C cc thu bao c nhu cu s dng dch v c cung cp dng cy trong ni b
mng. Trong trng hp ny, mi im l trong kt ni cy cn c gn hoc
kt ni vi mt im l (hoc) gc c th. Mi giao din UNI cng c th cung
cp dch v khc nh EVPL hoc EVP-LAN. M hnh ny gi l m hnh dch
v EVP-Tree, cy Ethernet ring o.

2.5.

Cc thuc tnh ca dch v mng MAN-E

MEF pht trin khung dch v Ethernet gip cho thu bao v cc nh cung cp
dch v c thut ng chung khi ni v cc loi dch v khc nhau v cc thuc
tnh ca chng. Vi mi loi dch v E-LAN hay E-LINE ni ring li c li c
cc thuc tnh v thng s i km.
2.5.1. Thuc tnh giao din vt l
2.5.2. Cc thng s lu lng
MEF nh ngha 1 tp cc c tnh bng thng c th p dng ti UNI hoc cho
1EVC. c tnh bng thng l gii hn v tc m khung Ethernet c th i
qua UNI hoc n EVC.
2.5.3. Cc thng s lp dch v CoS
CoS l trng di 3 bits trong tiu khung Ethernet lp 2 dng IEEE 802.1Q

10
N ch r gi tr u tin t 0 n 7, dng cho cc quy tc Cht lng dch v
phn bit lu lng.
2.5.4. Thuc tnh phn pht khung dch v
Thuc tnh dch v EVC c th nh ngha khung no b hy b, khung no phn
pht c iu kin, khung no phn pht khng c iu kin cho mi cp UNI yu
cu.
2.5.5. Thuc tnh h tr th VLAN
C 2 loi VLAN tag h tr:

Duy tr/xp VLAN tag.

Dch/hon i VLAN tag.

2.5.6. Thuc tnh ghp dch v

Dng h tr nhiu trng hp EVCs trn cng kt ni vt l. iu ny cho
php 1 khch hng c nhiu dch v khc nhau vi cng cp Ethernet.
2.5.7. Thuc tnh gp nhm
Thuc tnh dch v Bundling cho php 2 hay nhiu VLAN IDs nh x vo 1 EVC
ti 1 UNI. Vi bundling, nh cung cp v thu bao phi chp thun cc VLAN
IDs c dng ti UNI v nh x mi VLAN ID vi 1 EVC ring. Trng hp
c bit ca bundling l ch mi VLAN ID ti giao din UNI nh x n 1
EVC. Thuc tnh dch v ny c gi l all-to-one bundling.
2.5.8. Thuc tnh lc bo mt
Cc b lc bo mt l danh sch truy cp MAC m nh cung cp dng chn
cc a ch no t lung trn EVC. Cc a ch MAC phi ph hp vi access
list nu khng s b loi b.

11

Chng 3. Metro Ethernet QoS

3.1.

Tng quan v QoS

C 4 thng s c bn o lng vic cc gi tin c gi t mt im ny ti

mt im khc qua mng bao gm:

Bng thng

Delay

Jitter

Loss

Qun l cht lng dch v (QoS) c nh ngha nh l nhng phng php

m mang n cho ngi qun tr mng kh nng iu khin cc thng s Delay,
Jitter, Loss v bng thng trong mng cc ng dng c m bo cht lng
mong mun.

3.2.

Cc m hnh QoS

M hnh Best-effort:
Trong m hnh Best-effort vic chuyn tip gi tin c thc hin theo th t
chng nhn c v khng phn bit gia cc gi tin.
M hnh Integrated Services (m hnh IntServ):
Trong m hnh Integrated Services, cc ng dng c yu cu v QoS s s dng
giao thc RSVP gi cc tn hiu bo hiu yu cu QoS trc khi gi d liu
i. Ch p dng c cho nhng mng c s cc lung d liu l nh.
M hnh Differential Services (m hnh DiffServ):
Trong m hnh DiffServ, cc mi gi tin c phn loi khi i vo mng. Vic
phn loi da vo mo u IP ca gi tin, s dng IP Precedence hoc
Differential Services Code Point (DSCP). Chng c biu din bng cch s
dng 3 bit (IP Precedence) hoc 6 bit (DSCP) u tin ca trng ToS. Trng
DSCP xc nh hnh vi QoS ca mt gi tin trn mt nt mng c th. ng x
ca mt nt mng i vi mt gi tin c gi tr DSCP c th c gi l PHP
(per hop behavior). PHP thng c th hin bng vic sp xp cc gi tin vo
hng i v loi b cc gi tin trong trng hp tc nghn. Nh vy c s nh x

12
gia DSCP v PHP, cc gi tin c cng gi tr DSCP s c cng PHP trn mi nt
mng. M hnh DiffServ l m hnh qun l QoS trn tng nt mng (per hop).
Vi cc u im nu trn, m hnh Diffserv hin nay c p dng rng ri cho
cc mng IP based. i vi mng MAN-E chng ta la chn p dng m hnh
dch v ny m bo QoS cho cc ch v ca chng.

3.3.

Cc yu cu dch v

3.3.1. Yu cu QoS cho dch v VoIP

3.3.2. Yu cu QoS cho dch v Video
3.3.3. Yu cu QoS cho dch v Data

3.4.

Cc cng c thc hin QoS

Thng thng, cc cng c QoS c phn loi thnh cc nhm sau:

Tool phn loi v nh du (Classification and marking tools)

Tool Chnh sch v nh hng (Policing and shaping tools)

Tool chng nghn (Congestion-avoidance (selective dropping) tools)

Tool qun l hng i (Congestion-management (queuing) tools)

Tool phn bit kt ni (Link-specific tools)

Qu trnh x l QoS thng thng qua 5 giai on: phn loi v nh du

frame/packet; policing/shaping; chng tc nghn, queueing / scheduling. Phn
loi frame/packet l qu trnh nh du frame/packet dng trng CoS, ToS, IP
precedence, DSCP. Policing l qu trnh gii hn bng thng s dng u vo,
frame/packet sau s b drop hoc mark down gi tr ToS ty mong mun ca
ngi qun tr. Cn c trn gi tr ToS cc frame/packet c xp hng trn cc
hng i u ra v phc v theo schedule nh trc. Phng php chng tc
nghn c thc hin trn mi hng i trnh tc nghn c th xy ra. Khi c
tc nghn, cc thut ton hng i qun l tc nghn s c s dng m cc
dch v c yu cu cao nhn c Qos ph hp.

13

3.5.

M hnh QoS cho MAN-E

3.5.1. Cc kch bn mng

Vi kin trc c th c s dng ti thng qua khung Ethernet ca mng
metro:
S dng MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) nh cng ngh chuyn ti
trng mng metro.
S dng giao thc gc Ethernet, hin ti c m t trong IEEE 802.1
S dng SDH/SONET chuyn ti Ethernet thng qua cc GFP (th tc ng
gi chung) v LCAT (khung co dn) thch nghi tc ti cc bin c mng
chuyn ti.
3.5.2. Mng Metro MPLS
Mng Metro bao gm cc router bin (PE), cc router chuyn mch nhn (LSR)
v cc ng chuyn mch nhn (LSP) gia hai router bin PE. Cc PE c kt
ni ti thit b khch hng (CE) thng qua giao din ngi s dng (UNI).
Theo kch bn nh vy, MPLS ng gi lp 2 thun tin cho s chuyn ti khung
lp 2 ngang qua mt vng cung cp dch v MPLS. Hai nhn MPLS c chn
vo khung Ethernet ca khch hng da trn a ch ch MAC/cng/thng tin
802.1Q ti nt hng vo.
3.5.3. Mng Provider Bridged
Theo kch bn ny, b sung vo giao thc mng nguyn thy Ethernet c c
mng Metro. Mt giao thc spanning tree c s dng thit lp ng ni
gia PE cho mi mt VLAN khch hng. Mt kiu ng gi, nh l Q-in-Q
(VLAN stacking) hoc Mac-in-Mac c s dng chuyn ti lu lng
khch hng qua vng mng metro.

3.6.

Cc khi to dng ch yu cho QoS ca MAN-E

Cc bc cn thit hnh dung ra c QoS cho cc dch v Ethernet, bao gm:

phn loi lu lng VLAN khch hng (C-VLAN Customer VLAN); c im
ca cc hp ng lu lng thch hp trn C-VLAN ti UNI; qun l b m v
lp lch (scheduling) ca hng i ti cc nt; v iu khin ng nhp v khp
ni ng c lu lng hng ti cc dch v a im.

14
3.6.1. Phn loi ti bin
Cc khung n ti UNI c phn loi ti bin ca nh cung cp v sau nh
x/ng gi thch hp v c truyn ti qua cc EVC thch hp.
3.6.2. nh x trng qun l lu lng u vo
Trong mng core da trn MPLS, nt bin anh x lu lng khch hng (a ch
MAC/VID, port) vo mt LSP m c thit lp trc bi chuyn tip MPLS;
iu ny thun tin cho vic cc khung c ng gi v chuyn qua vng
metro. Bo hiu giao phn phi nhn (LDP - Label Distribution Protocol) c
yu cu phn b cc nhn, trong khi LSR c cn n xc nh cc router
hp l thit lp cc LSP theo yu cu.
3.6.3. nh x trng qun l lu lng u ra
Anh x u ra c gi thit rng cc chc nng qun l lu lng l anh x duy
nht v c tha thun s cc v tr khch hng. Vi iu gi nh ny, v hnh
chung khng c chc nng nh x hng ra ring bit c cn nh l u cui
ng hm c cu hnh ti bin ca mng nh cung cp, ph thuc vo thit b
no c s dng ti cc gi thit khch hng (Thit b khch hng/ Thit b
c t ti khch hng (CLE)/MTU, ), trong mng cung cp dng Bridge lu
lng khch hng ti khch hng c ti hoc trc tip hoc thng qua ng
hm bn trong m c sn cc trng qun l lu lng nh l s nh du bi
ngun. N nn c lu rng nu CE-VID khng c duy tr qua vng metro,
nt hng ra phc hi nhng VID khch hng nh l s thng lng trong qu
trnh thit lp.
3.6.4. Tha thun lu lng
Cc tha thun lu lng cho dch v cn thit c xc nh rnh mch trn
UNI, trn EVC v trn CoS. Mt profile hn hp c th c ch r.
3.6.5. iu khin lu lng u vo
Ph thuc vo cc tham s tha thun lu lng, mt srTCM (single rate Three
Color Marker) hoc trTCM (two rate Three Color Marker) c th c p dng
cho cc ch nh ca IETF. Trong trng hp cc ch nh ca MEF, mt token
bucket tc n profile c th xc minh lu lng ph hp hoc khng ph
hp.
3.6.6. Lp lch (Scheduling)
Lu lng thuc v cc phn loi khc nhau cn c lp lch (Schedule) thch
hp trn cc link ca mng p ng c cc yu cu m bo dch v.

15
3.6.7. iu khin nghn v qun l b m
Da tn mc u tin s hy gi u i theo cht t t c kt qu l s lin
h vi QoS. Nhng chc nng phn bit gia cc nt core v bin.
Ti nt bin, IEEE 802.3x Pause c th c trin khai lm gim nh nghn.
Nh mt s la chn, hy gi u i c th c trin khai tn dng p-bit hoc
EXP bit trong th.
Trong li, cc c ch hy gi, nh l WRED, c th lm nh bt/chnh nghn
mng.
3.6.8. iu hng lu lng u ra (Egress traffic shaping)
S ph thuc vo nh tuyn v cc nn lu lng, khi cc EVC kt thc ti mt
UNI, lu lng u ra tng chuyn ti khch hng c th vt qu profile lu
lng bin hng ra. Trong trng hp ny, nt bin c th cn phi thc hin
iu khin nghn trn UNI.
3.6.9. ng lc ha lu lng mng (Network traffic engineering)
K thut lu lng a im l cha kha ch ra cho vic qun l ngun ti nguyn
hiu qu v cn bng ti trong mng Metro Ethernet.
Cc SLA vi cc khch hng l c phin dch vo cc yu cu cp pht ngun
ti nguyn. Cc c ch bo hiu thch hp c th c a ra t QoS cho cc
dch v EVC a im.
3.6.10. iu khin ng nhp (Admission control)
iu khin ng nhp l mt thnh phn quan trng khc tm ra mc ch ca
QoS cho cc dch v/phn loi khc nhau. N thit yu cho cc ngun ti nguyn
mng (nh l bng thng) v theo yu cu m cc yu cu ca khch hng v
bng thng c th c bt gp. Trong cc mng li da trn MPLS, cc nt
danh sn cc ngun ti nguyn cn thit thng qua bo hiu. S cung cp mt
dch v mi s c da trn cc ngun ti nguyn mng c gi tr; c gng
thit lp mt EVC mi c th b t chi ni nu cc ngun ti nguyn khng .
3.6.11. Gim st hiu nng (Performance monitoring and SLS
verification)
S m t cc tham s hiu nng dch v m bo mng p ng yu cu khch
hng cho lung gi c m t di y. C bn tham s hiu nng chnh: tr,
jitter, mt gi v thng lng. Nhng tham s khc l : tnh kh dng, lp lch
dch v, gim st v bo co. Tnh kh dng ca dch v mng c yu cu cn
thit lin quan n cc la chn bo v v phc hi mng. Lp lch dch v ch

16
th thi gian bt u v kt thc. Cui cng, cung on gim stt v bo co ch
ra mc dch v (SLS - Service Level Specification) ch ra khi no v bng
cch no hiu nng QoS cn c gim st v bo co.
3.6.12. OAM
OAM m thnh phn kha khc trong s m bo rng nh cung cp dch v
tha mn tha thun dch v SLA. Cc cng c OAM hin nay ang bt u
c pht trin khung chun ha, bao gm IETF, ITU, IEEE v MEF. H s cung
cp nhng chc nng phn tch mnh m h tro QoS cho mng MAN-E. Cc
giao thc OAM Ethernet nn c kh nng xc nh kt ni, o lng jiter, tr
v lp, v cung cp cnh bo v o lng hiu nng. Nhng chc nng OAM ny
thun tin cho vic tp hp thng tin thit yu v nh tuyn, tr v QoS.

3.7.

SLA v nh x cc tham s QoS trn thit b MAN-E

m bo cht lng cho cc dch v voice, video v data, mng MAN s

dng cc mc cam kt dch v sau cn c theo cc tiu chun:

ITU-T Y.1541

ETSI TS 185 001 V1.1.1

17

Chng 4. M hnh dch v v thit k QoS cho mng

MAN-E ca VNPT-H Ni
4.1.

Dch v HSI

Access switch 7609 to EoMPLS PW ti Core switch 7609 v chuyn

tip lu lng ca khch hng qua cc EoMPLS PW ny. Lu lng t
mt S-VLAN s c chuyn tip vo mt EoMPLS PW tng ng.
Access switch thc hin nh x S-VLAN vo VC-ID label, g b SVLAN v gn VC-ID label v LSP label vo cc gi tin ca khch hng.
Khi gi tin c chuyn tip ti Core switch 7609, core switch thc hin
nh x VC-ID vo S-VLAN ti to S-VLAN v chuyn tip lu lng
ra VSI (Virtual Switch Interface) tng ng. Lu lng khch hng t
Core swith 7609 c chuyn tip ti BRAS vn gi nguyn gi tr CVLAN v S-VLAN

Ngi s dng thc hin truy nhp internet thng qua PPPoE sesssion.

4.2.

Dch v E-LINE

4.2.1. Dch v EWS

Dch v EWS cho php nh cung cp dch v cung cp cho khch hng mt kt
ni im ti im trong c mt phng d liu v iu khin lp 2 (Layer2 Point
To Point) gia hai site ca khch hng. Cc sites ca khch hng hin din nh l
trn cng mt mng LAN. Tt c cc frame d liu c ng gi trong mt tag
SP 802.1q truyn dn trong sut qua mng ca nh cung cp dch v.
4.2.2. Dch v ERS
ERS l dch v im-im da trn VLAN. Lu lng khch hng t cc VLAN
khc nhau s c chuyn tip qua cc EVC (Ethernet Virtual Connection) khc
nhau. Bng cch chuyn tip lu lng t cc VLAN khc nhau ca khc hng
trn cc EVC khc nhau, nh cung cp dch v c th thc hin chnh sch QoS
da trn VLAN ID ca khch hng. Dch v ERS c s dng khi khch hng
mun nh cung cp dch v p dng cc chnh sch QoS cho lu lng t cc
VLAN khc nhau ca khch hng (v d khch hng c 2 VLAN voice v VLAN
data v mun u tin QoS cho VLAN Voice m bo cc thng s delay, jilter,
loss p ng yu cu ca Voice).

18

4.3.

Dch v E-LAN

Kiu dch v Ethernet LAN (E-LAN) cung cp kt ni a im, tc l n c th

kt ni 2 hoc hn nhiu UNIs c minh ha hnh v di. D liu ca thu
bao c gi t mt UNI c th c nhn ti mt hoc nhiu d liu ca UNIs
khc.
Mi site (UNI) c kt ni vi mt multipoint EVC. Khi nhng site mi (UNIs)
c thm vo, chng s c lin kt vi multipoint EVC nu trn do vy nn
n gin ha vic cung cp v kch hot (activation) dch v. Theo quan im
ca thu bao, dch v LAN lm cho MAN-E trng ging mt mng LAN o.
4.3.1. Gii thiu EMS
Dch v EMS cho php nh cung cp dch v to ra kt ni a im trong c mt
phng d liu v mt phng iu khin lp 2 gia cc site ca khch hng. Cc
sites ca khch hng hin din nh l trn cng mt mng LAN. Tt c cc frame
d liu c ng gi trong mt tag SP 802.1q truyn dn trong sut qua
mng ca nh cung cp dch v. V pha khch hng, EMS ng vai tr nh mt
mng LAN trong sut, cho php khch hng c th m rng mng LAN qua mi
trng WAN.
4.3.2. Gii thiu dch v ERMS
ERMS l dch v a im da trn VLAN. Lu lng khch hng t cc VLAN
khc nhau s c chuyn tip qua cc EVC a im (Multipoint Ethernet
Virtual Connection) khc nhau. Bng cch chuyn tip lu lng t cc VLAN
khc nhau ca khc hng trn cc EVC a im khc nhau, nh cung cp dch v
c th thc hin chnh sch QoS da trn VLAN ID ca khch hng. Dch v
ERMS c s dng khi khch hng mun nh cung cp dch v p dng cung
cp dch v a im tng t dch v EMS nhng c th p dng cc chnh sch
QoS cho lu lng t cc VLAN khc nhau ca khch hng (v d khch hng
c 2 VLAN voice v VLAN data v mun u tin QoS cho VLAN Voice m
bo cc thng s delay, jilter, loss p ng yu cu ca Voice).

4.4.

Thit k m hnh QoS cho mng MAN-E VNPT-H Ni

4.4.1. Hin trng mng MAN-E VNPT H Ni

H tng Mng Carrier Ethernet VNPT H Ni c t chc theo nguyn tc
sau:

Cu trc Ring lp core.

Cu trc cy c bo v 2 hng lp aggregation.

19

Cu trc cy lp access.

S dng MPLS kt ni gia cc core switch.

S dng MPLS kt ni cc core switch v cc aggregation switch.

S dng MPLS hoc GE kt ni cc aggregation switch v cc access

switch.

Hin trng mng MAN-E VNPT H Ni:

Mng MAN-E VNPT H Ni gm 04 Core Switch v 16 Access Switch

u s dng dng sn phm Cisco 7609, ch khc nhau s lng (&
chng loi) linecard.

4.4.2. Cc yu cu trin khai

M hnh QoS c th cho mng MAN-E VNPT H Ni. Cc chc nng QoS ti
router bin v router core.
Phn bit lu lng u vo, p ng cc kiu lu lng VoIP, Video v Data
nh nu trong mc 3.3.
Cu hnh mu cho cc thit b router 7609 core v access.
4.4.3. M hnh xut p dng cho MAN-E VNPT H Ni
Mng MAN-E VNPT H Ni gm 04 Core Switch v 16 Access Switch u s
dng dng sn phm Cisco 7609 router. Cc router 7609 ty vo vao tr lm
Access hay Core m c cc cu hnh QoS khc nhau.
Chc nng ti Access Switch:
Thc hin phn loi v nh du lu lng.
Chc nng ti Core Router:
Thc hin cc k thut QoS nh Queuing, Scheduling, Qun l tc nghn
(Congestion Advoice) da vo gi tr MPLS Exp ca lp lu lng.
Phn loi lu lng:
Phn loi (Classification) l vic thc hin phn loi lu lng thnh cc lp
c nh ngha sn. Lu lng thng thng c phn loi khi n c i vo
mng nhn c chnh sch QoS hp l khi n i trong mng.
Lu lng trong mng VNPT H Ni c phn chia thnh cc lp nh sau:

20
Lp lu lng iu khin (SP control traffic).

Lp lu lng thi gian thc (Realtime class).

Lp lu lng d liu (Data class).

Lp lu lng VoD/Video.

Best-effort Class.

Cu hnh mu ti Access switch .

Cu hnh mu ti Core Router.
Congestion Advoice (Chng tc nghn):
Phng php chng tc nghn WRED s c s dng chng tc nghn trong
mng ca HNPT. WRED cung cp gii php chng tc nghn. Cng ngh ny
cho php theo di ti lu lng chng li tc nghn xy ra ti im nt chai.
Chng tc nghn c thc hin trc khi tc nghn xy ra, ngc li vi qun l
tc nghn thc hin iu khin tc nghn khi c tc nghn xy ra .
Congestion Management (Qun l tc nghn):
Thng thng, khi mt giao din mng b tc nghn th cc k thut hng i
(queuing) l cn thit m bo rng lu lng cc ng dng quan trng c th
c chuyn tip ph hp. V d, cc ng dng thi gian thc nh VoIP i hi
c chuyn tip vi thng s loss v delay b nht. Cc k thut hng i bao
gm LLQ (Low Latency Queuing), CBWFQ (Class Based Weight Fair Queuing)
i vi mng HNPT, LLQ (thc hin trn WAN link) v Priority Queuing (thc
hin trn 7600 LAN card) c s dng cho nhng ng dng thi gian thc.
LLQ v Priority Queuig m bo rng lu lng cc ng dng thi gian thc
lun c a vo hng i c u tin cao nht v bng thng lun c m
bo ngay c trong trng hp tc nghn xy ra. CBWFQ c s dng cho cc
lp lu lng khc

21

Kt lun
Ethernet l mt cng ngh chuyn ti tr thnh mt giao thc mm do, c
tin cy v linh hot cao, chi ph lp t thp, c tnh m cao. Cc dch v
Ethernet u c cung cp thng qua cc giao din c chun ho, c s
dng rng ri hu ht cc mng LAN v MAN.
Cc ng dng cng ngh Ethernet ngy cng m rng. Hin ti Ethernet c
dng ph bin trong mng MAN. Ethernet trong mng MAN hon ton ph hp
vi yu cu thc t ca th trng vin thng.
Cc m hnh dch v ca mng MAN-E c cung cp cho khch hng. Cc
m hnh dch v ny l ph hp v c kh nng pht trin trong tng lai.
ti ch ra c c ch QoS ca mng MAN-E, s lin quan gia cc mc
tha thun dch v SLA ca cc loi dch v vi QoS. Trong ti cng chng t
c tnh thc t l a ra c m hnh dch v v QoS cho mng MAN-E ca
VNPT H Ni.