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CHAPTER
MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf
Deflection of Beams
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Deflection of Beams
Deformation of a Beam Under Transverse
Loading
Equation of the Elastic Curve
Direct Determination of the Elastic Curve
From the Load Di...
Statically Indeterminate Beams
Sample Problem 9.1
Method of Superposition
Maximum Deflection
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
EI
EI
1
EI
0
,
At the support B,
B
B
PL
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
EI
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
2 3 2
dy
dx
d2y
dx 2
dx
x
dy
EI EI
M x dx C1
dx
0
EI y dx M x dx C1x C2
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
EI y dx M x dx C1x C2
yB 0
Overhanging beam
y A 0,
yB 0
Cantilever beam
y A 0, A 0
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
dM
V x
dx
dV
w x
2
dx
dx
EI
d4y
dx
w x
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
EI y dx M x dx C1x C2
At x L, y 0
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
I 723 in 4
P 50 kips L 15 ft
E 29 106 psi
a 4 ft
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Pa
a
RB P 1
L
L
a
x
L
0 x L
d2y
P
x
2
L
dx
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
dy
1 a
P x 2 C1
dx
2 L
1 a
EI y P x3 C1x C2
6 L
2
EI
d y
P
x
2
L
dx
at x 0, y 0 : C2 0
1 a
1
at x L, y 0 : 0 P L3 C1L C1 PaL
6 L
6
Substituting,
dy
1 a
1
EI
P x 2 PaL
dx
2 L
6
1 a
1
EI y P x3 PaLx
6 L
6
dy PaL
x
1 3
dx 6 EI
L
2
PaL2 x x
y
6 EI L L
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
PaL2 x x
y
6 EI L L
3
xm
L
0.577 L
3
PaL2
ymax
0.577 0.577 3
6 EI
PaL2
ymax 0.0642
6 EI
ymax
50 kips 48 in 180 in 2
0.0642
ymax 0.238 in
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
MD 0
1 w0 x 2 x
RA x
M 0
2 L 3
w0 x3
M RA x
6L
w0 x3
EI 2 M R A x
6L
dx
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
EI
d y
w0 x
R
x
A
6L
dx 2
RA
1
w0 L
10
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
EI y
w0 L x
w0 L3 x
6 10
120 L 120
w0
x5 2 L2 x3 L4 x
120 EIL
dy
w0
5 x 4 6 L2 x 2 L4
dx 120 EIL
at x = 0,
w0 L3
A
120 EI
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Method of Superposition
Principle of Superposition:
Deformations of beams subjected to
combinations of loadings may be
obtained as the linear combination of
the deformations from the individual
loadings
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
SOLUTION:
Superpose the deformations due to Loading I and Loading II as shown.
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
wL4
yB I
8 EI
Loading II
wL3
C II
48 EI
wL4
yC II
128 EI
128 EI 48 EI 2 384 EI
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
6 EI 48EI
7 wL3
B
48 EI
wL4 7 wL4
yB yB I y B II
8 EI 384 EI
41wL4
yB
384 EI
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
SOLUTION:
Release the redundant support at B, and find deformation.
Apply reaction at B as an unknown load to force zero displacement at B.
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
24 EI
2
L
3
2
2 L L
3
2
L L
3
wL4
0.01132
EI
yB R RB 2 L L
3EIL 3 3
RB L3
0.01646
EI
From statics,
R A 0.271wL
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
RC 0.0413wL
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Slope at end A,
wL3
wL3
A w
0.04167
24 EI
EI
0.0688wL L 2 L
wL3
A R
L 0.03398
6 EIL 3
EI
3
2
wL3
wL3
A A w A R 0.04167
0.03398
EI
EI
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
wL3
A 0.00769
EI
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Moment-Area Theorems
Geometric properties of the elastic curve can
be used to determine deflection and slope.
Consider a beam subjected to arbitrary loading,
C and D.
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Moment-Area Theorems
Tangents to the elastic curve at P and P intercept
a segment of length dt on the vertical through C.
= tangential deviation of C
with respect to D
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
3 2 EI
6 EI
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4 EI
6 EI
wa 2
3L 2a
E
12 EI
Deflection at E:
yE t E C t D C
L
3a L
A1 a A2
A1
4
4 4
wa 3 L wa 2 L2 wa 4 wa 2 L2
4
EI
16
EI
8
EI
16
EI
wa 3
2L a
yE
8 EI
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Maximum Deflection
Maximum deflection occurs at point K
where the tangent is horizontal.
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS