PES in 3 MONTHShugo in 3 MONTHS DUTCH Jane Fenoulhet A DORLING KINDERSLEY BOOKLONDON, NEW YORK, MUNICH, MELBOURNE, AND DELHI This edition first published in Great Britain in 2003 by Dorling Kindersley Limited, 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL First published in Great Britain by Hugo's Language Books Limited, 1983 Copyright © 1983, 2003 Dorling Kindersley Limited A Penguin Company 24681097531 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. ACIP catalogue record is available from the British Library. ISBN 1 40530 106 6 Hugo Dutch In Three Months is also available in a pack with three CDs, ISBN 0 7513 6993 4 Written by Jane Fenoulhet M. Phil. (Dutch) Senior Lecturer in Dutch at University College London Printed and bound by LegoPrint, Italy see our complete catalogue at www.dk.com Preface This new edition of Hugo Dutch in Three Months has been written for us by Jane Fenoulhet, who has considerable experience in teaching her subject from university level downwards. The book is designed for students learning at home, who want to acquire a good working knowledge of the language in a short time. The grammar is presented concisely and clearly, and the student is given plenty of opportunity to practise what has been learnt. In order to gain the most from Hugo Dutch in Three Months, you should spend about eight hours a week studying. Every three weeks in the course there is time allowed for revision as well as revision exercises. Start with sections 1-3 on pronunciation. It is extremely important that you master the sounds of Dutch before moving on to the grammar. Each sound is described in enough detail for you to work out its pronunciation, but if possible this should be done in conjunction with the CD recordings that we offer as optional extras to the book. The best way to master the sounds, stress and intonation of a foreign language is by imitating a native speaker. Failing this, you might be able to listen to Dutch on the radio or via the internet; it will at least give you some idea of the sounds and rhythm of spoken Dutch. You should move on to the following sections only when you are able to recognize readily which letters spell which sounds. The exercises and drills will serve as a test. The rest of the book is organized in a pattern, enabling you to develop a study routine. The work is divided into five areas: Grammar Read through each numbered section of new grammar at least twice. Use the references to other sections as opportunities for revision. Try to understand rather than memorize; if you have understood, the exercises and drills will ensure that you remember the rules through applying them. Vocabulary Lists of words contain all the vocabulary needed for the week’s work. PREFACEExercises These are mainly straightforward translation exercises carefully formulated to incorporate both the grammar and the most important rules learnt so far, and both old and new vocabulary. The student is expected to have learnt the vocabulary as he or she progresses. The language used is everyday, standard Dutch. It is most important that you check your answers carefully with the key. If you don’t understand a mistake, go back to the grammar. At the back of the book there is a grammatical index to help you find the section you require. Drills These are intended to be spoken aloud, for both pronunciation and grammar practice. Cover all but the top line with a sheet of paper, because the answer is given on the next line. Work through the drills line by line and use them as a test to see if you are ready to move on to the next chapter; if you can complete them fluently, then you are. If you are not, carefully go through the chapter again. Conversation Each week contains a sample of standard colloquial Dutch. It is important to remember that idiomatic language cannot be translated word for word. An English translation is given to enable you to compare idioms. Practise reading the Dutch conversation aloud until you can do so without hesitating. The course is rounded off with a few reading passages that have been graded according to their grammatical content; by the time you have completed Week 8, you should have sufficient knowledge to manage the first two passages. As a whole, the book provides the sound grammatical basis needed in order to speak, understand, read and write Dutch. But it is important to continue expanding your vocabulary through reading, listening to the radio if possible and, best of all, through visiting the country. We hope you will enjoy this course, and wish you success with your studies. DUTCH IN THREE MONTHS Contents Week 1 Pronunciation and spelling Dutch alphabet Personal subject pronouns: |, you, he, she, etc Verbs ‘zijn’ (‘to be’) and ‘hebben’ (‘to have’) Question form Exercises, drills, conversation Week 2 24 Nouns and articles Demonstratives: this, that, those Forms of address: Mr, Mrs, etc Noun plurals Feminine nouns Exercises, drills, conversation Week 3 42 Forming the present tense Some useful verbs Questions: where?, what?, who? Exercises, drills, conversation Revision exercises 1 52 Week 4 55 Commands Word order Negation: ‘nee’, ‘niet’, ‘geen’ Use of the definite article Object pronouns: me, you, him, ete Reflexive pronouns: myself, yourself, etc Reflexive verbs Exercises, drills, conversations Week 5 ___—76 Possessive adjectives: my, your, his, etc Expressing possession (‘John's book’) Useful verbs: ‘staan’, ‘liggen’, ‘zitten’ Perfect tense (‘I have taken’, ‘I took’) Past participles of weak verbs Exercises, drills, conversations Week 6 93 Past participles of strong verbs “‘Hebben’ or ‘zijn’ as auxiliaries, forming the perfect tense Irregular verbs Exercises, drills, conversation Revision exercises 2 101 Week 7 104 Adjectives in front of the noun Comparison of adjectives (‘larger’, ‘smaller’) Ways of making comparisons Superlative of adjectives (‘largest’, ‘smallest’) Adverbs Diminutives Exercises, drills, conversations V Veek 8 123 Modal verbs: can, must, may, want Adjective +s Separable verbs Some prefixes and verbs Adjectives as nouns Exercises, drills, conversations Week 9 140 Talking about the future Future tense Verbs: infinitive constructions Exercises, drills, conversation Revision exercises 3 149 CONTENTSWeek 10 __152 Coordinating conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions Word order in subclauses Weak verbs: past tense Strong verbs: past tense ‘Hebben' and ‘zijn’: past tense Uses of the past tense Exercises, drills, conversations Week 171 Past perfect tense (‘I had done’) Conditional tense (‘I would do’) Numbers Dates, days of the week, months Money, weights, measures Uses of ‘er’ Relative clauses ‘Om'+ ‘te’ + infinitive Exercises, drills, conversations Week 12 192 The passive Present participle (‘going’, ‘doing’) Expressions of time Exercises, drills, conversation Revision exercises 4 202 DUTCH IN THREE MONTHS Reading practice 204 Key to exercises 214 Appendix 230 Commonly used strong and irregular verbs Mini-dictionary _233 dex 254 Week You will learn: stress, voiced consonants consonants vowels spelling rules related to pronunciation The grammar includes: personal subject pronouns (‘I’, ‘you’, ‘he’, etc) present tense of ‘zijn’ (‘to be’) and ‘hebben’ (‘to have’) question form HE PRONUNCIATION It cannot be emphasized strongly enough that the only way the student will learn to pronounce Dutch sounds correctly is by imitating a Dutch speaker. If at all possible, then, you should listen to the pronunciation on the CDs over and over again until you can make the same sounds as the voice on the tape. Particular attention should be paid to the vowel sounds which are very different from English vowels. The consonants, on the other hand, are the same as in English in most cases. Although the spelling of individual sounds is given below in the pronunciation sections 1-3, we shall look at the spelling of Dutch in more detail in section 4. Stress in Dutch generally falls on the first syllable of a word, as in English (e.g. CAR-pet). On the first appearance of any word that is an exception to this rule, we will indicate where the stress falls by a stroke (') placed before the stressed syllable (e.g. het'zelfde, where the second syllable is stressed, het-ZELF-de). This will not apply, however, where the Dutch word begins with an unstressed prefix (see section 31c), since this is a rule you can learn and implement yourself. NOTE: Voiced consonants are those which are produced with vibration of the vocal cords, e.g. b. When voiceless consonants are produced, the vocal cords do not vibrate, WEEK 1