H thng thng tin di ng ton cu

H thng thng tin di ng ton cu (ting Anh:

Global System for Mobile Communications; ting Php:
Groupe Spcial Mobile; vit tt: GSM) l mt cng ngh
dng cho mng thng tin di ng. Dch v GSM c
s dng bi hn 2 t ngi trn 212 quc gia v vng
lnh th. Cc mng thng tin di ng GSM cho php
c th roaming vi nhau do nhng my in thoi
di ng GSM ca cc mng GSM khc nhau c th s
dng c nhiu ni trn th gii.

bao) l 45 MHz.
mt s nc, bng tn chun GSM900 c m rng
thnh E-GSM, nhm t c di tn rng hn. E-GSM
dng 880915 MHz cho ng ln v 925960 MHz cho
ng xung. Nh vy, thm c 50 knh (nh s
975 n 1023 v 0) so vi bng GSM-900 ban u. EGSM cng s dng cng ngh phn chia theo thi gian
TDM (time division multiplexing), cho php truyn 8
knh thoi ton tc hay 16 knh thoi bn tc trn 1
knh v tuyn. C 8 khe thi gian gp li gi l mt
khung TDMA. Cc knh bn tc s dng cc khung
lun phin trong cng khe thi gian. Tc truyn d
liu cho c 8 knh l 270.833 kbit/s v chu k ca mt
khung l 4.615 m.

GSM l chun ph bin nht cho in thoi di ng

(TD) trn th gii. Kh nng ph sng rng khp
ni ca chun GSM lm cho n tr nn ph bin trn
th gii, cho php ngi s dng c th s dng TD
ca h nhiu vng trn th gii. GSM khc vi cc
chun tin thn ca n v c tn hiu v tc , cht
lng cuc gi. N c xem nh l mt h thng
TD th h th hai (second generation, 2G). GSM l
mt chun m, hin ti n c pht trin bi 3rd
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) ng v pha
quan im khch hng, li th chnh ca GSM l cht
lng cuc gi tt hn, gi thnh thp v dch v tin
nhn. un li i vi nh iu hnh mng l kh
nng trin khai thit b t nhiu ngi cung ng. GSM
cho php nh iu hnh mng c th sn sng dch v
khp ni, v th ngi s dng c th s dng in
thoi ca h khp ni trn th gii.

Cng sut pht ca my in thoi c gii hn ti a

l 2 wa i vi bng GSM 850/900 MHz v ti a l 1
wa i vi bng GSM 1800/1900 MHz.
M ha m thanh
GSM s dng kh nhiu kiu m ha thoi nn tn
s audio 3,1 kHz vo trong khong 6.5 and 13 kbit/s.
Ban u, c 2 kiu m ho l bn tc (ha rate 5.6
kbps)v ton tc (Full Rate 13 kbit/s)). nn h s
dng h thng c tn l m ha d on tuyn tnh
(linear predictive coding - LPC).
GSM c ci tin hn vo nm 1997 vi m ha EFR
(m ha ton tc ci tin -Enhanced Full Rate), knh
ton tc nn cn 12.2 kbit/s. Sau , vi s pht trin
ca UMTS, EFR c tham s li bi kiu m ha bin
tc, c gi l AMR-Narrowband.

Giao din v tuyn

C tt c bn kch thc cell site trong mng GSM l

macro, micro, pico v umbrella. Vng ph sng ca mi
cell ph thuc nhiu vo mi trng. Macro cell c
lp trn ct cao hoc trn cc to nh cao tng, micro
cell li c lp cc khu thnh th, khu dn c, pico
cell th tm ph sng ch khong vi chc mt tr li n
thng c lp tip sng trong nh. Umbrella lp
b sung vo cc vng b che khut hay cc vng trng
gia cc cell.

GSM l mng in thoi di ng thit k gm nhiu

t bo (cell) do cc my in thoi di ng kt ni
vi mng bng cch tm kim cc cell gn n nht. Cc
mng di ng GSM hot ng trn 4 bng tn. Hu ht
th hot ng bng 900 MHz v 1800 MHz. Vi nc
Chu M th s dng bng 850 MHz v 1900 MHz do
bng 900 MHz v 1800 MHz ni ny b s dng
trc.

V cc k him c mng no s dng tn s 400 MHz

hay 450 MHz ch c Scandinavia s dng do cc bng Bn knh ph sng ca mt cell tu thuc vo cao
ca anten, li anten thng th n c th t vi trm
tn khc b cp pht cho vic khc.
mt ti vi chc km. Trong thc t th kh nng ph
Cc mng s dng bng tn 900 MHz th ng ln sng xa nht ca mt trm GSM l 35 km (22 dm).
(t thu bao di ng n trm truyn dn uplink) s
dng tn s trong di 890915 MHz v ng xung Mt s khu vc trong nh m cc anten ngoi tri
downlink s dng tn s trong di 935960 MHz. V khng th ph sng ti nh nh ga, sn bay, siu th
chia cc bng tn ny thnh 124 knh vi rng bng th ngi ta s dng cc trm pico chuyn tip sng
thng 25 MHz, mi knh cch nhau 1 khong 200 kHz. t cc anten ngoi tri vo.
Khong cch song cng (ng ln & xung cho 1 thu
1

CU TRC MNG GSM

Lch s

Chc nng ca BSC: - iu khin mt s trm BTS x

l cc bn tin bo hiu - Khi to kt ni. - iu khin
Vo u thp nin 1980 ti chu u ngi ta pht chuyn giao: Intra & Inter BTS HO - Kt ni n cc
trin mt mng in thoi di ng ch s dng trong MSC, BTS v OMC
mt vi khu vc. Sau vo nm 1982 n c Chc nng ca BTS: - u pht v tuyn - nh x knh
chun ho bi CEPT (European Conference of Postal logic vo knh vt l - M ha v gii m - Mt m /
and Telecommunications Administrations) v to ra gii mt m - iu ch / gii iu ch.
Groupe Spcial Mobile (GSM) vi mc ch s dng
BSS ni vi NSS thng qua lung PCM c s 2 Mbps
chung cho ton Chu u.
Mng in thoi di ng s dng cng ngh GSM c
xy dng v a vo s dng u tin bi Radiolinja
Phn Lan.
Vo nm 1989 cng vic qun l tiu chun v pht
trin mng GSM c chuyn cho vin vin thng chu
u (European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI), v cc tiu chun, c tnh phase 1 ca cng ngh
GSM c cng b vo nm 1990. Vo cui nm 1993
c hn 1 triu thu bao s dng mng GSM ca 70
nh cung cp dch v trn 48 quc gia.

Cu trc mng GSM

Mng v h thng chuyn mch Network and

Switching Subsystem (phn ny gn ging vi
mng in thoi c nh). i khi ngi ta cn
gi n l mng li (core network).
Phn mng GPRS (GPRS care network) Phn ny l
mt phn lp thm cung cp dch v truy cp
Internet.
V mt s phn khc phc v vic cung cp cc
dch v cho mng GSM nh gi, hay nhn tin
SMS
My in thoi - Mobile Equipment
SIM (Subscriber identity module)
Modul nhn dng thu bao (Subscriber identity
module)

Mt b phn quan trng ca mng GSM l modul nhn

dng thu bao, cn c gi l th SIM. SIM l 1 th
nh, c gn vo my di ng, lu thng tin thu
bao v danh b in thoi. Cc thng tin trn th SIM
vn c lu gi khi i my in thoi. Ngi dng
cng c th thay i nh cung cp khc, nu i th
SIM. Mt s rt t nh cung cp dch v mng ngn
Cu trc mng GSM
cn iu ny bi vic ch cho php 1 my dng 1 SIM
Mt mng GSM cung cp y cc dch v cho hay dng SIM khc, nhng do h sn xut, c gi
khch hang cho nn n kh phc tp v vy sau y s l tnh trng Kha SIM. Australia, Bc M v Chu
u, mt s nh khai thc mng vin thng tin hnh
chia ra thnh cc phn nh sau: chia theo phn h:
kha my di ng h bn. L do l gi ca cc my ny
- Phn h chuyn mch NSS: Network switching
c nhng nh cung cp ti tr, v h khng mun
SubSystem
ngi dng mua my xi cho hng khc. Ngi
- Phn h v tuyn RSS = BSS + MS: Radio SubSystem dng cng c th lin h vi nh sn xut ng k
- Phn h vn hnh v bo dng OMS: Operation and g b kha my. S c kha theo my di ng l s
Nhn dng my di ng quc t IMEI (International
Maintenance SubSystem
Mobile Equipment Identity), ch khng phi s thu
BSS Base Station Subsystem= TRAU + BSC + BTS bao.
Mt vi nc nh Bangladesh, Belgium, Costa Rica,
+ TRAU: b chuyn i m v phi hp tc + BSC: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, v Pakistan tt c cc my
b iu khin trm gc + BTS: trm thu pht gc
di ng u c b kha (Tt nhin, c Vit Nam na).
MS: chnh l nhng chic di ng gm: ME v SIM
+ ME Mobile Equipment: phn cng v phn mm + 3.1 XEM THM
SIM: lu tr cc thng tin v thu bao v mt m / gii
Dch v v tuyn gi tng hp GPRS
mt m.

Tham kho

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5 NGUN, NGI NG GP, V GIY PHP CHO VN BN V HNH NH

Ngun, ngi ng gp, v giy php cho vn bn v hnh nh

5.1

Vn bn

H thng thng tin di ng ton cu Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87%20th%E1%BB%91ng%20th%C3%B4ng%

20tin%20di%20%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng%20to%C3%A0n%20c%E1%BA%A7u?oldid=19985656 Ngi ng gp: Mxn, Mekong Bluesman,
Nguyn anh ang, YurikBot, Vinhtantran, Apple, Newone, DHN-bot, Dung005, Telcit, Escarbot, JAnDbot, ijs!bot, VolkovBot,
TXiKiBoT, ienlongtelecom, BotMultichill, AlleborgoBot, SieBot, TVT-bot, PipepBot, Callidior, DragonBot, Qbot, OKBot,
Alexbot, BodhisavaBot, SpBot, Luckas-bot, SilvonenBot, Grenouille vert, ArthurBot, Xqbot, Dangquang20054, Vqsktdt, Chienvela,
KamikazeBot, Bongdentoiac, Tnt1984, DuongVi, EmausBot, CNBH, Cheers!-bot, MerlIwBot, AvicBot, Justincheng12345-bot, TuanUt,
AlphamaBot, SantoshBot, Addbot, itxongkhoiAWB, AlphamaBot4 v 13 ngi v danh

5.2

Hnh nh

Tp_tin:Commons-logo.svg Ngun: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg Giy php: Public

domain Ngi ng gp: is version created by Pumbaa, using a proper partial circle and SVG geometry features. (Former versions
used to be slightly warped.) Ngh s u tin: SVG version was created by User:Grunt and cleaned up by 3247, based on the earlier
PNG version, created by Reidab.
Tp_tin:Gsm_network.png Ngun: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gsm_network.png Giy php: CC-BY-SA3.0 Ngi ng gp: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gsm_network.png Ngh s u tin: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Image:Gsm_network.png&action=history

5.3

Giy php ni dung

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