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الدليل الانشائي لحساب الاحمال الزلزالية
الدليل الانشائي لحساب الاحمال الزلزالية
.
( .
(
.
.
2 1
.
3 -1
Base
.
.
Base Shear,V
) (Frame
.
Bearing Wall
System
((Shear Walls
Boundary
. ( (Diaphragm
Element
) ( Truss
)
Braced
( Concentric ) . ( Eccentric
Frame
.
Building
frame system
.
Collector
)Axial
( Forces .
Concentric
braced frame
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
chord
Strut
Diaphragm
.
) (Diaphragm
) (Shear Walls
)(Axial
)(Flange .
) (
) (Diaphragm
.
.
.
Drift
Storey Drift
)
Dual System SMRSF (IMRSF
) (Shear Walls
) (Braced Frames
) - 6 1 2 ( .
. ((SEAOC
Eccentric
Braced
Frame
.
Essential
Facilities
) (Deformation
.
Flexible
Element or
System
) (Truss
).(Diaphragm
Horizontal
Bracing
System
21
). (ACI 318M - 89
IMRSF
.
Lateral
Force
Resisting
System
.
Moment
Resisting
Space Frame
). (Ductile
Ordinary
Moment
Resisting
Space Frame
Orthogonal
.
Effects
.
P- Effect
)(Plan
Shear Wall .
) (Stiffness 70
Soft Storey .
.
SoilStructure
Resonance
Space Frame
) (Diaphragm
.
( ( Ductile
21 )ACI 318M-
. (89
SMRSF
.
Storey
.
Story Drift
Ratio
Story
Shear ,Vx
Strength
Structure
.
.
.
Tower
)( .
Vertical Load
Carrying
Space Frame
) (Strength 80
Weak Storey .
4 1 ) (
5 1 ) (
1 2
:
1-1- 2 Seismic Zone
. (Fig. 1) 1
.
1-2 - 2 Seismic Zone Number, SZN
. ) (SZN
. (Table 1) 1
1-3 - 2 Occupancy Categories, OC
. ) (OC 2
) (Table 2 ) (I
.
1-4 - 2 Seismic Performance Categories, SPC
) (A ) (C
. (Table 3) 3 ) (A .
1-5- 2 Configuration Requirement
) (Irregularities
.
.
(Table 5) 5 .
(Table 6) 6 .
1-6- 2 Structural Systems
(Table 7) 7 )
(Rw . ) (Rw
:
- : A-Moment Resisting Frame System
.
- : B-Building Frame System
( ) Shear Walls ). (Braced Frames
- : C-Dual System
:
- 1 .
- 2 :
) ( ?25 ) (Base shear/ .
) (Shear walls ). (Braced frames - 3 ) (1 ) (2
.
- : System D-Bearing Wall
.
) ( Shear Walls ) . (Braced frames
: E-Undefined System ) 7
. (Table 7
: .
1-7 -2
*
.
* : The Dynamic Lateral Force Procedure, DLF
.
* : The Static Lateral Force Procedure, SLF
) (Regularity ) (Occupancy .
) (Irregularity types : A, B, C ) 5
: (Table 5
( . (SZN1)1
( . (SZN1)1
( ) (75
(Table 7) 7 ) (S4 ) 4
(Table 4 ) (0.7 .
( ) (Irregular Structures
) (20 .
1-8 - 2 System Limitations
.
( ) . ( Discontinuity )
(Capacity ) (E (Table 5) 5
9 ) (Strength )
(Weak Storey ? 65 .
: )(Rw/8 3
. 9 1
( .
(Table 7) 7 ) (Rw
.
( 5 ) 6
(Tables 5 & 6 .
2-1-9 Static Lateral Force Procedure
.
1-9-1- 2 : Design Base Shear
) (V :
:
= Z ) (Seismic Zone Factor . (Table 1) 1
= I ) ( Importance Factor . (Table 2) 2
= Rw ) (Table 7) 7
( .
= W :
- 1 ?25 .
- 2 ) ( Partitions
50/ . 2
- 3 .
= C :
:
= S .(Table 4) 4
= T )(Fundamental Period )(
:
) (T
:
Ct = 0.035 .
Ct = 0.030
. Eccentric Braced Frames
Ct = 0.020 .
= H ) ( Base .
c = 2.75
.
) (3Rw/8
C/Rw ). (0.075
1-9-2- 2 : Base Shear
:
:
= Ft ) ( n :
). (4
= ). (i
= n .
Base Shear ) ( )
(n :
:
Fx : x )Mass
(Distribution .
: W x . i
2-1-9-3
( Vx
Rigidity Diaphragm .
( : Accidental Eccentricity
) ( ? 5 ) (Dimension
. )
(Torsional moment ) ( 0
.
2-1-9-4 Torsional Moments
Torsional Eccentricities .
Torsional .
) A (6
) ( :
:
= Displacement .
= .
1-9-5- 2 Overturning
- Overturning Moments Ft
Fx 0
. Rigidities
- .
-
Stiffness .
- ( ) C ( ) B
Discontinuous Irregularity ) (D 5
( ) D 6
Axial Force
:
Nonstructural
Components Equipment
:
( Attachments Anchorages Bracing
. .
( Equipment
.
: 2
.
2-2-2 Elements Components
:
)Fp = Z I Cp Wp (9
:
= Wp
= Cp . (Table 8) 8
- ) (Z ) (I .
:
- 1 ) (I )
. (1.5
- 2
) (I ). (1.5
- 3 ) (Panel Connection ) (I ) (1
.
- ) (Cp
Supported . Fixed
Base Period ) (0.06 .
) (0.06 .
)(Cp
(Table 8) 8 ) (Cp
(Table 8) 8
). (2
- ) (9
.
) (9
.
- Diaphragms
) -2 1 3 2 ( ) 2 1 3 2 (.
- .
3 - 2 SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
3-1 - 2 Detailed Systems Design Requirements
1 1 3 2 : ) (1-2
.
) -318
( ACI 89 :
- Combined Vertical and Horizontal Forces
.
- Uplift Effects
.
Working Stress
). (0.85
- Orthogonal Effects
(1 ) (2B ) (2A
:
( Irregularity ) (E Table) 6
.(6
( ) (A (Table 6) 6
.
( .
: Axial Load
?20 .
(2 ?100
? 30 .
Combinations .
2 1 3 2
-
) -2
(1 6 (Table7) 7
). (2-3-2
- Detailing Requirements for Combination system
.
- Connection
) (
.
- Deformation Compatibility
) (3Rw/8 .
- Effect) - (P
Working Stress
). (1.7
- Ties and Continuity
( 1 .
.
) (Z/3 .
( 2 ) (Truss
) (Z/3 .
- Concrete Elements
) (Collector Elements
.
- Concrete Frames
:
(1 ) (C )(SMRSF
(2 ) (B )
. (IMRSF
- Anchorage of Concrete or Masonry Walls
)( 2-2-2 ) 1.5 /(
. Anchors )(1.25
.
. Diaphragm Deformations
.
- Boundary Members
governed by flexure
.
- Diaphragms
Diaphragm
.
.
- 1 Diaphragm Forces
:
Ties
Struts Chords .
Chords
. Main Cross Ties
- Framing Below Base
Overturning
.
- Building Separations
Displacement
). (3Rw/6
2-3-2 Framing Systems
2-3-2-1 : .
. (Table 7) 7
2-3-2-2 Combination of Framing Systems
:
- Rw ) (Rw 7
.
- ) (Rw Components
). (Rw
2-3-2-3 Limitation on Framing Systems
- ): (A
)
. (A
- ): (B
) (B :
1 50
:
). (IMRSF
) . (Dual System
) (Braced Frames ) (Shear Walls
?33
) . (Torsional )(73 .
-2 ) : (Interaction Effects
.
Storey Drifts .
- 3 :
.
- 4 ) (SMRSF
. )
(Supported ) (Rigid ) (Rw .
- ): (C
) (C ) (B
. (Table 7) 7
3-3- 2 Design And Detailing Requirements
:
3-3-1- 2 ) : (A ) (A
(318M-89) ACI ). (Chapter 21
2-3-3-2 ) : (B ) (B
) (ACI-318M-89 )" ( Section 21.9
" ) (2-1-3-2 .
2-3-3-3 ) : (C ) (C
) ( ACI-318M-89 ).(Chapter 21
4 2 Foundations
1 4 2
) (C ). (B
2 4 2 Soil Capacities
Load Combinations
Strains
. ?33 .
3 4 2 Superstructure
.
4 4 2 Foundation - soil Interface
) (Ft Overturning
. Moment
5 4 2
( )(A
)(1-4-2 ) (4-4-2 ). (A
( ) (B )(C
) (B ) (C )(A
) ( 6-4-2 ) 5 4 2 ( .
( Investigation
) (1 -4 2 ) ( 2 4 -2
:
.
. Liquefaction
.
6 4 2 Piles . Caissons
( Design For Earthquake Motion
.
?120
.
( Footing Interconnection
1 .
2 ?10
.
1 - 3
1 1 3
.
:
(1 .
(2
.
( 3
.
2 1 3 Ductility
Ductility
.
Distortion
.
. ) (1
Elastic ) (B . Elasticity
) (Level A
Plastically .
. ) (A ) (B
.
3 1 3
)
( Trusses .
Frames .
.
4 1 3 Diaphragms
) (
.
5 -1 3 Shear Walls
Cantilever
.
.
6 1 3
Joints ) .(2
) ( 2 .
) (
Deformation .
Ductile
. Brittle
7 1 3 Deformation Reversal Inelastic
. Ductile
)(
Deflection
.
Deformations
. Ductility Capacity
Inelastic
Reversal
Panel Zone Bending .
) Panel Zone ) ((26
Stirrups .
.
.
Yield .
.
2 3
.
.
.
.
.
. Liquefacation
) (bracing .
.Ductility
.
.
Redundancy .
.
.
. ) (
.
.
Soft Storey
. .
.
Stiffness
.
.
.
Counter Weights
.
.
.
Parapets Exterior Panels
.
.
Pre-cast .
.
3-3
- 1
.
- 2
.
- 3
.
- 4
28 250/ . 2
- 5 15 20 3
.
- 6 ) . (...
- 7 .
- 8 .
- 9 .
- 10
.
/ . . . .
. " "
)1992( .
Reference
Al-Hadad ,M.S, Dr. G. H. Siddiqi, Dr. R. Z. Al-Zaid, Dr. A. M. Arafah, Dr. A.
Necioglu, and Dr. N. Turkelli. A Study Leading To Preliminary Seismic Design
Criteria For The Kingdom King Abdul aziz city for science and technology,
.1998
2B
0.20
2A
0.15
1
0.075
0
0.05
SZN
Z
I = 1.25
SPI = 1.1
ST
I = 1.0
Occupancy Category
Seismic Zone
number
Standard ST Special SP Essential ES
(SZN)
B
C
C
2B
A
B
B
2A
A
A
B
1
No seismic requirement on the structures in
0
this zone
Table 4. Site Profile and Site Factor , S
Description
1.0
1.2
1.5
2.0
Profile
A soil profile with either:(a) A
rock-like material characterized
by a shear-wave velocity greater
than 760 m/s or by other suitable
means of classification,
or
(b) Stiff or dense soil conditions
where the soil depth is less than
60 m.
A profile with dense or stiff soil
conditions, where the soil depth
exceeds 60 m or more.
A soil profile 12 m or more in
depth and containing more than
6m of soft to medium stiff clay
but not more than 12m of soft
clay.
A soil profile containing more
than 12m of soft clay.
Profile
Type
S1
S2
S3
S4
Reference
section
Irregularity Definition
Type
Reference
Irregularity Definition
section
2-1-9-5 d Torsional irregularity, to be
2-3-1-1 c considered when diaphragms are
2-3-1-2 g not flexible Torsional
irregularity shall be considered
to exist when the maximum
story drift, computed including
Type
A
2-1-9-5 d
2-3-1-1 c
H 2,7
meters
R5w
N.L.
4N.L.
8
8
5
6
2
BSS1
A.
Moment
75
75
60
50
8
6
4
6
N.L
160
N.L.
NL
50
8
5
8
8
6
50
35
4
3
3
3
FrameSystem
1- Steel Eccentric Braced
frame (EBF)
2- Shear walls Reinforced
B. Building
Concrete Reinforced
Masonry3-Steel Concentric
Braced Frames
1- Shear walls concrete with
SMRSF concrete with IMRSF6
2- Steel EBF with steel
C. Dual
SMRSF
System
3- Concrete Braced Frames
steel with steel SMRSF steel
with concrete SMRSF
D. Bearing
1- Shear walls Reinforced
wall
Concrete Reinforced Masonry
System
Inverted Pendulum Structures
E.
Tanks, Vessels, Trussed
Undefined
Towers
System
: Notes
.BSS = Basic Structural Systems (1)
H = Height Limit applicable to Seismic Performance Category C (2)
Prohibited in seismic Performance Category C and B (3)
N.L = No limit (4)
See section (2-3-2-2 b) for combination of Structural System (5)
Prohibited in Seismic performance category C (6)
See section (2-3-2-3 b) for height limitations in seismic performance Category (7)
.B
Table 8. Horizontal Force Factor Cp Applicable to Rigid Items
Cp
components
1. Exterior and interior ornamentations
and appendages
2. Chimneys, stacks, trussed towers, and
tanks on legs a) Supported on or
projecting as an un-braced cantilever
above the roof more than one-half its
total height b) All others, including those
supported below the roof with un-braced
projection above the roof less than onehalf its height, or braced or guyed to the
0.75
structural frame at or above its center of
0.75
mass
0.75
3. Signs and billboards
0.75
4. Mechanical, plumbing, and electrical
0.75
equipment and machinery and associated
piping
5. Tanks and vessels ( plus contents)
including support system and anchorage
6. Storage racks (includes contents)
7. Anchorage for permanent floorsupported cabinets and book stacks more
than 1.5 meter in height ( includes
contents)
8. Anchorage for suspended ceilings and
light fixtures9. Access floor systems
:Notes
Equipment and machinery shall include but not be limited to such items as (1)
boilers, heat exchangers, chillers, pumps, motors, air-handling units, cooling
towers, transformers switch gear control panels, and life safety equipment. It
shall include sprinkler systems, other major piping, and ducting, conduit, cable
.trays, etc. serving such equipment and machinery
Ceiling weight shall include all light fixtures and other equipment or partitions, (2)
which are laterally, supported by the ceiling. For purposes of determining the
.lateral seismic force, a ceiling weight of not less than 0.2 kpa shall be used
Applies for seismic zones 2A and 2B (3)
Ceiling constructed of lath and plaster or gypsum board screw or nail (4)
attached to suspended members that support a ceiling in a single plane
extending from wall to wall need not be analyzed provided the walls are not over
15 m apart
Wp for access floor system shall be the dead load of the access floor system (5)
.plus 25% of the floor live load plus a 0.5-kpa-partition load allowance