L

Lab - De
esigning
g and Im
mplementing a S
Subnette
ed IPv4 A
Address
sing
S
Scheme
e
T
Topology

A
Addressing
g Table
Device
R1
R

Interface

IP Add
dress

S
Subnet Mask

Default Gateway

G0/0

N/A

G0/1

N/A

Lo0

N/A

Lo1

N/A

S1
S

VLAN 1

PC-A
P

NIC

PC-B
P

NIC

N/A

N/A
A

N/A

O
Objectives
Part 1: De
esign a Netw
work Subnettting Scheme

Creatte a subnetting scheme tha

at meets the required
r
num ber of subnetts and host ad
ddresses.

Comp
plete the diagram, showing
g where the ho
ost IP addressses will be ap
pplied.

Part 2: Co
onfigure the Devices

Assign an IP addre
ess, subnet mask,
m
and defa
ault gateway to the PCs.

Config
gure the route
er Gigabit Eth
hernet interfac
ces with an IP
P address and
d subnet massk.

Creatte two loopback interfaces on the routerr, and configu

ure each with an IP addresss and subnett mask.

Part 3: Te
est and Troubleshoot the
e Network

Verify
y and troubles
shoot network
k connectivity using ping.

B
Backgroun
nd / Scenarrio
In this lab
b, starting from
m a single nettwork address
s and networkk mask, you w
will subnet the
e network into
o multiple
subnets. The
T subnet sc
cheme should
d be based on
n the numberr of host comp
puters require
ed in each subnet, as
well as other network considerations
c
s, like future network
n
host expansion.

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ent is Cisco Publiic.

Page 1 of 7

L
Lab - Designing and Impllementing a Subnetted
S
IP
Pv4 Address
sing Scheme
After you have created
d a subnetting
g scheme and
d completed th
he network diiagram by filling in the host and
I addresses, you will configure the hos
st PCs and ro
outer interface
es, including lloopback inte
erfaces.
interface IP
The loopb
back interface
es are created
d to simulate additional
a
LA
ANs attached tto router R1.
After the network
n
devic
ces and host PCs have bee
en configured
d, you will use
e the ping command to tesst for
network connectivity.
c
This lab provides
p
minim
mal assistanc
ce with the acttual command
ds necessaryy to configure the router. However,
the requirred commands are provide
ed in Appendix
x A. Test you
ur knowledge by trying to cconfigure the d
devices
without re
eferring to the appendix.
Note: The
e routers used
d with CCNA hands-on lab
bs are Cisco 1
1941 Integrate
ed Services R
Routers (ISRss) with
Cisco IOS
S Release 15..2(4)M3 (univ
versalk9 image). The switch
hes used are
e Cisco Catalyyst 2960s with
h Cisco
IOS Relea
ase 15.0(2) (lanbasek9 ima
age). Other ro
outers, switch
hes and Cisco
o IOS version
ns can be use
ed.
Depending on the mod
del and Cisco IOS version, the comman
nds available a
and output prroduced migh
ht vary
from whatt is shown in the
t labs. Refe
er to the Routter Interface S
Summary Tab
ble at this end
d of the lab fo
or the
correct intterface identiffiers.
Note: Make sure that the routers an
nd switches ha
ave been era
ased and have
e no startup cconfigurationss. If you
are unsurre, contact your instructor.

R
Required Resources
R

1 Rou
uter (Cisco 19
941 with Cisco
o IOS Releas
se 15.2(4)M3 universal ima
age or compa
arable)

1 Switch (Cisco 29
960 with Cisco
o IOS Release 15.0(2) lanb
basek9 image
e or compara
able)

2 PCs
s (Windows 7,
7 Vista, or XP
P with termina
al emulation p
program, such
h as Tera Term)

Conso
ole cables to configure the
e Cisco IOS devices via the
e console porrts

Ethernet cables as
s shown in the
e topology

e Gigabit Ethe
ernet interface
es on Cisco 1941
1
routers a
are autosensiing. An Etherrnet straight-th
hrough
Note: The
cable may
y be used bettween the rou
uter and PC-B
B. If using ano
other Cisco ro
outer model, it may be neccessary to
use an Ethernet crosso
over cable.

P
Part 1: Design
D
a Network
N
Subnetting Schem
me
S
Step 1: Cre
eate a subn
netting sche
eme that me
eets the req
quired numb
ber of subn
nets and req
quired
number of hos
st addresse
es.
In this sce
enario, you arre a network administrator
a
for a small su
ubdivision witthin a larger ccompany. You
u must
create mu
ultiple subnets
s out of the 19
92.168.0.0/24
4 network add
dress space tto meet the fo
ollowing requirements:

The first subnet is the employee

e network. Yo
ou need a min
nimum of 25 h
host IP addresses.

The second
s
subne
et is the admin
nistration netw
work. You nee
ed a minimum
m of 10 IP add
dresses.

The th
hird and fourtth subnets are
e reserved as
s virtual netwo
orks on virtua
al router interffaces, loopbacck 0 and
loopback 1. These virtual routerr interfaces simulate LANss attached to R
R1.

You also
a
need two
o additional un
nused subnetts for future ne
etwork expan
nsion.

Note: Varriable length subnet

s
masks
s will not be used. All of the
e device subn
net masks willl be the same
e length.
Answer th
he following questions to help create a subnetting
s
sc heme that me
eets the state
ed network
requireme
ents:
1) How
H
many hos
st addresses are needed in
n the largest rrequired subn
net?
2) What
W
is the minimum number of subnets
s required?

2013 Cisco and

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ent is Cisco Publiic.

Page 2 of 7

Lab - Designing and Implementing a Subnetted IPv4 Addressing Scheme

3) The network that you are tasked to subnet is 192.168.0.0/24. What is the /24 subnet mask in binary?

4) The subnet mask is made up of two portions, the network portion, and the host portion. This is
represented in the binary by the ones and the zeros in the subnet mask.
In the network mask, what do the ones represent?
In the network mask, what do the zeros represent?
5) To subnet a network, bits from the host portion of the original network mask are changed into subnet
bits. The number of subnet bits defines the number of subnets. Given each of the possible subnet
masks depicted in the following binary format, how many subnets and how many hosts are created in
each example?
Hint: Remember that the number of host bits (to the power of 2) defines the number of hosts per
subnet (minus 2), and the number of subnet bits (to the power of two) defines the number of subnets.
The subnet bits (depicted in bold type face) are the bits that have been borrowed beyond the original
network mask of /24. The /24 is the slash prefix notation and corresponds to a dotted decimal mask of
255.255.255.0.

(/25) 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
Dotted decimal subnet mask equivalent:
Number of subnets?

Number of hosts?

(/26) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
Dotted decimal subnet mask equivalent:
Number of subnets?

Number of hosts?

(/27) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
Dotted decimal subnet mask equivalent:
Number of subnets?

Number of hosts?

(/28) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
Dotted decimal subnet mask equivalent:
Number of subnets?

Number of hosts?

(/29) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000
Dotted decimal subnet mask equivalent:
Number of subnets?

Number of hosts?

(/30) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100
Dotted decimal subnet mask equivalent:
Number of subnets?

Number of hosts?

6) Considering your answers, which subnet masks meet the required number of minimum host
addresses?

7) Considering your answers, which subnet masks meets the minimum number of subnets required?

2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public.

Page 3 of 7

L
Lab - Designing and Impllementing a Subnetted
S
IP
Pv4 Address
sing Scheme
8) Considering
C
yo
our answers, which subnett mask meetss both the required minimum number of hosts
an
nd the minimu
um number of
o subnets req
quired?

W
you hav
ve determined
d which subne
et mask meetts all of the sta
ated network requirementss, you will
9) When
de
erive each of the subnets starting
s
from the original n
network addre
ess. List the subnets from ffirst to
la
ast below. Rem
member that the first subn
net is 192.168
8.0.0 with the newly acquire
ed subnet ma
ask.
Subnet Address
A

/ Prefix Su
ubnet Mask ((dotted decim
mal)
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/

S
Step 2: Co
omplete the diagram sh
howing whe
ere the hostt IP address
ses will be a
applied.
On the folllowing lines provided,
p
fill in
n the IP addre
esses and su
ubnets maskss in slash preffix notation. O
On the
router, use the first usa
able address in each subne
et for each off the interface
es, Gigabit Eth
hernet 0/0, Gigabit
Ethernet 0/1,
0 loopback
k 0, and loopb
back 1. Fill in an
a IP addresss for both PC
C-A and PC-B. Also enter th
his
informatio
on into the Addressing Tab
ble on Page 1.

2013 Cisco and

d/or its affiliates. All rights reserve
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ent is Cisco Publiic.

Page 4 of 7

L
Lab - Designing and Impllementing a Subnetted
S
IP
Pv4 Address
sing Scheme

P
Part 2: Configure
C
e the Devices
In Part 2, set up the ne
etwork topolog
gy and configure basic setttings on the P
PCs and route
er, such as th
he router
Gigabit Etthernet interfa
ace IP addres
sses, and the PCs IP addrresses, subne
et masks, and
d default gate
eways.
Refer to th
he Addressing Table for de
evice names and address information.
Note: App
pendix A prov
vides configurration details for the steps in Part 2. You
u should attem
mpt to comple
ete Part 2
prior to re
eviewing Appe
endix A.

S
Step 1: Co
onfigure the
e router.
a. Enter into privilege
ed EXEC mod
de and then global config m
mode.
b. Assign the R1 as the hostname for the router.
c.

Config
gure both the
e G0/0 and G0
0/1 interfaces
s with IP addre
esses and su
ubnet masks, and then ena
able them.

d. Loopb
back interface
es are created
d to simulate additional LA
ANs on R1 rou
uter. Configurre the loopbacck
interfa
aces with IP addresses
a
and subnet mas
sks. After theyy are created
d, loopback intterfaces are e
enabled,
by default. (To crea
ate the loopback addresse
es, enter the ccommand inte
erface loopb
back 0 at the global
config
g mode)
Note: You can create additional loopbacks fo
or testing with
h different add
dressing sche
emes, if desirred.
e. Save the running configuration
c
to
t the startup
p configuration
n file.

S
Step 2: Co
onfigure the
e PC interfac
ces.
a. Config
gure the IP ad
ddress, subne
et mask, and default gatew
way settings o
on PC-A.
b. Config
gure the IP ad
ddress, subne
et mask, and default gatew
way settings o
on PC-B.

P
Part 3: Test
T
and Troubles
T
hoot the Network
In Part 3, you will use the
t ping command to test network conn
nectivity.
C-A, open a ccommand pro
a. Test to
t see if PC-A
A can communicate with its
s default gate
eway. From PC
ompt and
ping the
t IP address
s of the route
er Gigabit Ethe
ernet 0/1 inte
erface. Do you
u get a reply?
?
b. Test to
t see if PC-B
B can communicate with its
s default gate
eway. From PC
C-B, open a ccommand pro
ompt and
ping the
t IP address
s of the route
er Gigabit Ethe
ernet 0/0 inte
erface. Do you
u get a reply?
?
c.

Test to
t see if PC-A
A can communicate with PC
C-B. From PC
C-A, open a ccommand pro
ompt and ping
g the IP
addre
ess of PC-B. Do
D you get a reply?

d. If you answered no to any of th

he preceding questions, th
hen you should go back an
nd check all o
of your IP
addre
ess and subne
et mask config
gurations, and ensure thatt the default g
gateways havve been correctly
config
gured on PC-A
A and PC-B.
e. If you verify that all of the setting
gs are correct, and you ca
an still not ping
g successfullyy, then there are a few
additional factors that can block
k ICMP pings.. On PC-A an
nd PC-B within
n Windows, m
make sure tha
at the
Windo
ows Firewall is
i turned off fo
or the Work, Home, and P
Public networkks.
f.

Experriment by purposely misconfiguring the gateway add ress on PC-A

A to 10.0.0.1. What happen
ns when
you trry and ping fro
om PC-B to PC-A?
P
Do you
u receive a re
eply?

2013 Cisco and

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ed. This docume
ent is Cisco Publiic.

Page 5 of 7

Lab - Designing and Implementing a Subnetted IPv4 Addressing Scheme

Reflection
1. Subnetting one larger network into multiple smaller subnetworks allows for greater flexibility and security in
network design. However, what do you think some of the drawbacks are when the subnets are limited to
being the same size?

2. Why do you think the gateway/router IP address is usually the first usable IP address in the network?

Router Interface Summary Table

Router Interface Summary
Router Model

Ethernet Interface #1

Ethernet Interface #2

Serial Interface #1

Serial Interface #2

1800

Fast Ethernet 0/0

(F0/0)

Fast Ethernet 0/1

(F0/1)

Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0)

Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)

1900

Gigabit Ethernet 0/0

(G0/0)

Gigabit Ethernet 0/1

(G0/1)

Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0)

Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)

2801

Fast Ethernet 0/0

(F0/0)

Fast Ethernet 0/1

(F0/1)

Serial 0/1/0 (S0/1/0)

Serial 0/1/1 (S0/1/1)

2811

Fast Ethernet 0/0

(F0/0)

Fast Ethernet 0/1

(F0/1)

Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0)

Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)

2900

Gigabit Ethernet 0/0

(G0/0)

Gigabit Ethernet 0/1

(G0/1)

Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0)

Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)

Note: To find out how the router is configured, look at the interfaces to identify the type of router and how many
interfaces the router has. There is no way to effectively list all the combinations of configurations for each router
class. This table includes identifiers for the possible combinations of Ethernet and Serial interfaces in the device.
The table does not include any other type of interface, even though a specific router may contain one. An
example of this might be an ISDN BRI interface. The string in parenthesis is the legal abbreviation that can be
used in Cisco IOS commands to represent the interface.

Appendix A: Configuration Details for Steps in Part 2

Step 1: Configure the router.
a. Console into the router and enable privileged EXEC mode.
Router> enable
Router#

b. Enter into configuration mode.

Router# conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.

End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#
c.

Assign a device name to the router.

2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public.

Page 6 of 7

L
Lab - Designing and Impllementing a Subnetted
S
IP
Pv4 Address
sing Scheme
Route
er(config)# hostname
e R1
R1(co
onfig)#

d. Config
gure both the
e G0/0 and G0
0/1 interfaces
s with IP addre
esses and su
ubnet masks, and enable th
hem.
R1(co
onfig)# in
nterface g0
0/0
R1(co
onfig-if)#
# ip addres
ss <ip add
dress> <sub
bnet mask>
>
R1(co
onfig-if)#
# no shutdo
own
R1(co
onfig-if)#
# interface
e g0/1
R1(co
onfig-if)#
# ip addres
ss <ip add
dress> <sub
bnet mask>
>
R1(co
onfig-if)#
# no shutdo
own
e. Loopb
back interface
es are created
d to simulate additional LA
ANs off of routter R1. Config
gure the loopback
interfa
aces with IP addresses
a
and subnet mas
sks. When the
ey are created, loopback in
nterfaces are
e enabled,
by default.
onfig)# in
nterface lo
oopback 0
R1(co
R1(co
onfig-if)#
# ip addres
ss <ip add
dress> <sub
bnet mask>
>
R1(co
onfig-if)#
# interface
e loopback
k 1
R1(co
onfig-if)#
# ip addres
ss <ip add
dress> <sub
bnet mask>
>
R1(co
onfig-if)#
# end
f.

Save the running configuration

c
to
t the startup
p configuration
n file.
c
runni
ing-config startup-c
config
R1# copy

S
Step 2: Co
onfigure the
e PC interfac
ces.
a. Config
gure the IP ad
ddress, subne
et mask, and default gatew
way settings o
on PC-A.

b. Config
gure the IP ad
ddress, subne
et mask, and default gatew
way settings o
on PC-B.

2013 Cisco and

d/or its affiliates. All rights reserve
ed. This docume
ent is Cisco Publiic.

Page 7 of 7