1. What is a computer network?

[2 marks]
A computer network is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware devices
that are linked together through communication channels to facilitate communication and
resource-sharing among a wide range of users. Networks are commonly categorized based on
their characteristics.
Computer network requires the following devices (some of them are optional):-
• Network Interface Card (NIC)
• Hub
• Switches
• Cables and connectors
• Router
• Modem
2. Explain why we say ethernet is non-deterministic [2 marks]

Ethernet is nondeterministic because of delays and potential transmission failures.

Deterministic communication is the ability of the network to guarantee that an event will
occur (or a message will be transmitted) in a specified, predictable period — not faster or
slower.

3. State the difference between bit rate and baud rate [2 marks]

Bit rate and Baud rate, these two terms are often used in data communication. Bit rate is
simply the number of bits (i.e., 0’s and 1’s) transmitted per unit time. While Baud rate is
the number of signal units transmitted per unit time that is needed to represent those bits.

4. Explain the difference between baseband and broadband transmission [4 marks]

Baseband technology transmits a single data signal/stream/channel at a time while

broadband technology transmits multiple data signals/streams/channels simultaneously at
the same time.

5. Explain the main difference between infrared and Bluetooth transmission [2 marks]

Infrared technology is what most TV remotes use. The distance an infrared signal can
travel varies based on the strength of the remote, but is usually less than 50 feet for
household electronics. In order for an infrared signal to be detected, there must be a direct
line of sight between the transmitter (remote) and the receiver (TV). If there is a wall or
large object between them, the signal will not pass through it.
 Bluetooth, on the other hand, uses a radio frequency, which allows transmission through
walls and other objects. The standard range of a Class 3 Bluetooth device is about 30 ft.,
which makes it ideal for syncing PDAs with computers, using wireless cell phone headsets,
and enabling handsfree cell phone use inside Bluetooth-enabled automobiles.

6. Explain the basic components of a network signal [5 marks]

7. Briefly, explain how a collision occurs in LAN traffic [3 marks]

A collision is the result of two devices on the same Ethernet network attempting to
transmit data at the same time. The network detects the "collision" of the two transmitted
packets and discards them both. Collisions are a natural occurrence on Ethernets.

8. Where would you implement a high-end router and why? [2 marks]

I would implement high end router in ISP or tech company because higher end routers
can help with is having multiple devices on the same network. Higher end routers will
have the ability to have more devices downloading/uploading at higher speeds, whereas
cheaper routers will have fewer "lanes" to distribute the connection.

9. What is the difference between communication and transmission [2 marks]

- Physical movement of information and concerning about bit priority, synchronization,

clock etc. is referred as transmission, whereas full exchange of information among media
of communication is referred as communication.
- Transmission is all about transmitting of data to the destination, whereas the dialogue
between the source and destination is all about communication

10. List any two networks standards in use today [2 marks]

 ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
 IEEE 802.1 (LAN/MAN)
 EEE 802.11 (Wireless LAN)
 IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring)

11. Explain the difference between bandwidth and latency [4 marks]

Latency is the amount of time it takes for data to travel from one point to another. It is
dependent on the physical distance that data must travel through cords, networks and the
like to reach its destination. Bandwidth is the rate of data transfer for a fixed period of
time. Bandwidth, as its name implies, is the width of a communication band. The wider
the communication band, the more data that can flow through it simultaneously.
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