separation, is a method to achieve any mass transfer phenomenon that converts a

mixture of substances into two or more distinct product mixtures

Vaporization (or vaporisation) of an element or compound is a phase transition
from the liquid phase to vapor
Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from gas phase into
liquid phase, and is the reverse of evaporation.[1] It can also be defined as the
change in the state of water vapor to liquid water when in contact with any surface.

Difference of simple and fractional

1. Simple distillation is the method used to separate substances in mixtures with significantly
different boiling points, while fractional distillation is used for mixtures containing chemicals
with boiling points close to each other.
2. Simple distillation will only have one distillation (vaporization-condensation) cycle in the
whole process, while the fractional cycle will have at least two cycles.
3. Fractional distillation will use additional equipment called the fractionating column, while
the simple distillation will not need that equipment.
4. Simple distillation is often used to separate the liquid substance from the solid substance.
Doing such separation with fractional distillation is not sensible.
An azeotrope (pronounced /zi.trop/ -ZEE--trope) is a mixture of two or more liquids in
such a ratio that its composition cannot be changed by simple distillation.[1] This occurs because,
when an azeotrope is boiled, the resulting vapor has the same ratio of constituents as the original
mixture.
Because their composition is unchanged by distillation, azeotropes are also called (especially in
older texts) constant boiling mixtures. The word azeotrope is derived from the Greek words
(boil) and (change) combined with the prefix - (no) to give the overall meaning,
no change on boiling.

The boiling point

of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor

pressure of the liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid
changes into a vapor. A liquid at high-pressure has a higher boiling point than when
that liquid is at atmospheric pressure.

1. the temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to vapor.

o

the point at which anger or excitement breaks out into violent expression.

"emotions had reached boiling point and could spill over into violence"