Mnemonic and

Description

8086
ARITHMETIC

Instruction Code
76543210

76543210

76543210

76543210

data if s w e 01

ADD e Add (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)

Table 2
Instruction Set Summary

Mnemonic and
Description

Instruction Code

DATA TRANSFER
MOV e Move (|ODITSZAPC|=|---------|) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

76543210

Register
Memory to
from Register

100010dw

mod

Immediate to Register
Memory

1100011w

Reg
Memory with Register to Either

000000dw

mod reg r
m

Immediate to Register
Memory

100000sw

mod 0 0 0 r
m

data

Immediate to Accumulator

0000010w

data

data if w e 1

ADC e Add with Carry (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)

76543210

76543210

mod 0 0 0 r
m

data

data if w e 1

1 0 1 1 w reg

data

data if w e 1

Memory to Accumulator

1010000w

addr-low

addr-high

INC e Increment (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---****-|)

Accumulator to Memory

1010001w

addr-low

addr-high

Register
Memory

Register
Memory to Segment Register

10001110

mod 0 reg r
m

Register

Segment Register to Register
Memory

10001100

mod 0 reg r
m

AAA e ASCII Adjust for Add

00110111

(|ODITSZAPC| = |?---??*?*|)

DAA e Decimal Adjust for Add

00100111

(|ODITSZAPC| = |?---*****|)

Immediate to Register

reg

r
m

PUSH e Push (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

Register
Memory

11111111

Register

Reg
Memory with Register to Either

000100dw

mod reg r
m

Immediate to Register
Memory

100000sw

mod 0 1 0 r
m

data

Immediate to Accumulator

0001010w

data

data if w e 1

1111111w

mod 0 0 0 r
m

0 1 0 0 0 reg

SUB e Subtract (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)

mod 1 1 0 r
m

Reg
Memory and Register to Either

001010dw

mod reg r
m

Immediate from Register
Memory

100000sw

mod 1 0 1 r
m

data

Immediate from Accumulator

0010110w

data

data if w e 1

0 1 0 1 0 reg

Segment Register

0 0 0 reg 1 1 0

POP e Pop (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

Register
Memory
Register

mod 0 0 0 r
m

0 1 0 1 1 reg
0 0 0 reg 1 1 1

1000011w

Register with Accumulator

Variable Port

1110110w

Variable Port

1110111w

XLAT e Translate Byte to AL

11010111

LEA e Load EA to Register

10001101

mod reg r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

LDS e Load Pointer to DS

port

11000101

mod reg r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

LES e Load Pointer to ES

11000100

LAHF e Load AH with Flags

10011111

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

SAHF e Store AH into Flags

10011110

(|ODITSZAPC| = |----*****|)

PUSHF e Push Flags

10011100

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

POPF e Pop Flags

10011101

(|ODITSZAPC| = |*********|)

mod reg r
m

Mnemonic and
Description

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

data if w e 1

NOT e Invert

1111011w

mod 0 1 0 r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

SHLSAL e Shift Logical
Arithmetic Left

110100vw

mod 1 0 0 r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |*---**?**|)

SHR e Shift Logical Right

110100vw

mod 1 0 1 r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |*---**?**|)

SAR e Shift Arithmetic Right

110100vw

mod 1 1 1 r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |*---**?**|)

ROL e Rotate Left

110100vw

mod 0 0 0 r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |-------- |)

ROR e Rotate Right

110100vw

mod 0 0 1 r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |*-------*|)

RCL e Rotate Through Carry Flag Left

110100vw

mod 0 1 0 r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |*-------*|)

RCR e Rotate Through Carry Right

110100vw

mod 0 1 1 r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |*-------*|)

76543210

76543210

76543210

AND e And (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---**?**|)

Reg
Memory and Register to Either

001000dw

mod reg r
m

Immediate to Register
Memory

1000000w

mod 1 0 0 r
m

data

Immediate to Accumulator

0010010w

data

data if w e 1

data if w e 1

TEST e And Function to Flags No Result (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---**?**|)

mod reg r
m

Immediate Data and Register
Memory

1111011w

mod 0 0 0 r
m

data

Immediate Data and Accumulator

1010100w

data

data if w e 1

data if w e 1

OR e Or (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---**?**|)

Reg
Memory and Register to Either

000010dw

mod reg r
m

Immediate to Register
Memory

1000000w

mod 0 0 1 r
m

data

Immediate to Accumulator

0000110w

data

data if w e 1

data if w e 1

(|ODITSZAPC| = |*---**?**|)

Reg
Memory and Register to Either

001100dw

mod reg r
m

Immediate to Register
Memory

1000000w

mod 1 1 0 r
m

data

Immediate to Accumulator

0011010w

data

data if w e 1

STRING MANIPULATION
REP e Repeat

1111001z

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

MOVS e Move Byte
Word

1010010w

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

CMPS e Compare Byte
Word

1010011w

(|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)

SCAS e Scan Byte
Word

1010111w

(|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)

1010110w
1010101w

1111111w

mod 0 0 1 r
m

0 1 0 0 1 reg
1111011w

mod 0 1 1 r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)

001110dw

mod reg r
m

Immediate with Register
Memory

100000sw

mod 1 1 1 r
m

data

Immediate with Accumulator

0011110w

data

data if w e 1

AAS e ASCII Adjust for Subtract

00111111

DAS e Decimal Adjust for Subtract

00101111

MUL e Multiply (Unsigned)

1111011w

mod 1 0 0 r
m

IMUL e Integer Multiply (Signed)

1111011w

mod 1 0 1 r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |*---????*|)

AAM e ASCII Adjust for Multiply

11010100

00001010

(|ODITSZAPC| = |?---**?*?|)

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

CONTROL TRANSFER
CALL e Call (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
Direct within Segment

11101000

disp-low

disp-high

Indirect within Segment

11111111

mod 0 1 0 r
m

Direct Intersegment

10011010

offset-low

offset-high

seg-low

seg-high

Indirect Intersegment

11111111

mod 0 1 1 r
m

data if w e 1

data if s w e 01

(|ODITSZAPC| = |?---??*?*|)
(|ODITSZAPC| = |?---*****|)
(|ODITSZAPC| = |*---????*|)

DIV e Divide (Unsigned)

1111011w

mod 1 1 0 r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |?---?????|)

IDIV e Integer Divide (Signed)

1111011w

mod 1 1 1 r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |?---?????|)

AAD e ASCII Adjust for Divide

11010101

00001010

(|ODITSZAPC| = |?---**?*?|)

CBW e Convert Byte to Word

10011000

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

CWD e Convert Word to Double Word

10011001

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

Mnemonic and
Description

76543210

1000010w

data if s w e 01

Register
Memory and Register

Instruction Code

LOGIC

STOS e Stor Byte
Wd from AL
A

data

CMP e Compare (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)

1110011w

LODS e Load Byte
Wd to AL
AX

data

000111w

NEG e Change sign

port

Fixed Port

XOR e Exclusive or

mod 0 1 1 r
m

Register

OUT e Output to (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

Register
Memory and Register

mod reg r
m

100000sw

Register
memory

IN e Input from (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

1110010w

000110dw

Immediate from Register
Memory

DEC e Decrement (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---****-|)

mod reg r
m

1 0 0 1 0 reg

Fixed Port

Reg
Memory and Register to Either

Immediate from Accumulator

XCHG e Exchange (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

Register
Memory with Register

data if s w e 01

SBB e Subtract with Borrow: (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)

10001111

Segment Register

data if s w e 01

Instruction Code

JMP e Unconditional Jump: (|---------|) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

76543210

76543210

Direct within Segment

11101001

disp-low

disp-high

Direct within Segment-Short

11101011

disp

Indirect within Segment

11111111

mod 1 0 0 r
m

Direct Intersegment

11101010

offset-low

offset-high

seg-low

seg-high

Indirect Intersegment

11111111

mod 1 0 1 r
m

RET e Return from CALL (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

Within Segment

11000011

Within Seg Adding Immed to SP

11000010

Intersegment

11001011

data-low

Intersegment Adding Immediate to SP

11001010

data-low

JEJZ e Jump on Equal
Zero

01110100

disp

01111100

disp

01111110

disp

01110010

disp

JLJNGE e Jump on Less
Not Greater

or Equal
JLEJNG e Jump on Less or Equal

Not Greater
JBJNAE e Jump on Below
Not Above
or Equal
JBEJNA e Jump on Below or Equal

Not Above
JPJPE e Jump on Parity
Parity Even

01110110

disp

01111010

disp

JO e Jump on Overflow

01110000

disp

JS e Jump on Sign

01111000

disp

JNEJNZ e Jump on Not Equal
Not Zero

01110101

disp

01111101

disp

01111111

disp

01110011

disp

JNLJGE e Jump on Not Less
Greater

or Equal
JNLEJG e Jump on Not Less or Equal

Greater
JNBJAE e Jump on Not Below
Above
or Equal
JNBEJA e Jump on Not Below or
Equal
Above
JNPJPO e Jump on Not Par
Par Odd

01110111

disp

01111011

disp

JNO e Jump on Not Overflow

01110001

disp

JNS e Jump on Not Sign

01111001

disp

LOOP e Loop CX Times

11100010

disp

LOOPZLOOPE e Loop While Zero
Equal

11100001

disp

LOOPNZLOOPNE e Loop While Not

Zero
Equal
JCXZ e Jump on CX Zero

11100000

disp

11100011

disp

data-high

data-high
(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

INT e Interrupt: (|ODITSZAPC| = |--00-----|)

Type Specified

11001101

Type 3

11001100

type

INTO e Interrupt on Overflow

11001110

(|ODITSZAPC| = |--**-----|)

IRET e Interrupt Return

11001111

(|ODITSZAPC| = |*********|)

Mnemonic and
Description

Instruction Code
76543210

8086 Registers

Pin Diagram

76543210

PROCESSOR CONTROL
CLC e Clear Carry

11111000

(|ODITSZAPC| = |--------0|)

CMC e Complement Carry

11110101

(|ODITSZAPC| = |--------*|)

STC e Set Carry

11111001

(|ODITSZAPC| = |--------1|)

CLD e Clear Direction

11111100

(|ODITSZAPC| = |-0-------|)

STD e Set Direction

11111101

(|ODITSZAPC| = |-1-------|)

CLI e Clear Interrupt

11111010

(|ODITSZAPC| = |--0------|)

STI e Set Interrupt

11111011

(|ODITSZAPC| = |--1------|)

HLT e Halt

11110100

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

WAIT e Wait

10011011

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

ESC e Escape (to External Device)

11011xxx

LOCK e Bus Lock Prefix

11110000

NOTES
AL e 8-bit accumulator
AX e 16-bit accumulator
CX e Count register
DS e Data segment
ES e Extra segment
Above
below refers to unsigned value
Greater e more positive
Less e less positive (more negative) signed values
if d e 1 then to reg if d e 0 then from reg
if w e 1 then word instruction if w e 0 then byte instruction
if mod e 11 then r
m is treated as a REG field
if mod e 00 then DISP e 0
 disp-low and disp-high are
absent
if mod e 01 then DISP e disp-low sign-extended to
16 bits disp-high is absent
if mod e 10 then DISP e disp-high disp-low
if r
m e 000 then EA e (BX) a (SI) a DISP
if r
m e 001 then EA e (BX) a (DI) a DISP
if r
m e 010 then EA e (BP) a (SI) a DISP
if r
m e 011 then EA e (BP) a (DI) a DISP
if r
m e 100 then EA e (SI) a DISP
if r
m e 101 then EA e (DI) a DISP
if r
m e 110 then EA e (BP) a DISP

if r
m e 111 then EA e (BX) a DISP
DISP follows 2nd byte of instruction (before data if required)

except if mod e 00 and r
m e 110 then EA e disp-high
disp-low

The codes used for 'Affected Flags' column are: |-*01?

mod x x x r
m

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

(|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)

if s w e 01 then 16 bits of immediate data form the operand

if s w e 11 then an immediate data byte is sign extended
to form the 16-bit operand
if v e 0 then count e 1 if v e 1 then count in (CL)
x e dont care
z is used for string primitives for comparison with ZF FLAG

Rotate Instructions
CF
RCL

SEGMENT OVERRIDE PREFIX

0 0 1 reg 1 1 0

CF

REG is assigned according to the following table

16-Bit (w e 1)
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111

AX
CX
DX
BX
SP
BP
SI
DI

8-Bit (w e 0)
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111

AL
CL
DL
BL
AH
CH
DH
BH

ROL

Segment
CF

00 ES
01 CS
10 SS
11 DS

Instructions which reference the flag register file as a 16-bit

object use the symbol FLAGS to represent the file
FLAGS e XXXX(OF)(DF)(IF)(TF)(SF)(ZF)X(AF)X(PF)X(CF)

0
SHL

CF

0
SAL

CF
RCR

Intentionally
Blank

CF
ROR

CF

| Unaffected/Affected/Reset/Set/Unknown

SHR

NOTES:

CF
SAR

Tabulated and Edited by Dr. Mohammed Hawa, University of Jordan.

Version 1.1, June, 2005.

ASCII Character Set

Conditional Jump Instructions

Instruction
Description
JC
Jump if carry
JNC
Jump if no carry
JZ
Jump if zero
JNZ
Jump if not zero
JS
Jump if sign
JNS
Jump if no sign
JO
Jump if overflow
JNO
Jump if no overflow
JP
Jump if parity
JPE
Jump if parity even
JNP
Jump if no parity
JPO
Jump if parity odd

Instruction
JA
JNBE
JAE
JNB
JB
JNAE
JBE
JNA
JE
JNE

Condition
Carry = 1
Carry = 0
Zero = 1
Zero = 0
Sign = 1
Sign = 0
Overflow = 1
Overflow = 0
Parity = 1
Parity = 1
Parity = 0
Parity = 0

Aliases
JB, JNAE
JNB, JAE
JE
JNE
JPE
JP
JPO
JNP

Unsigned Comparisons
Description
Condition
Jump if above (>)
Carry = 0, Zero = 0
Jump if not below nor equal (not <=)
Carry = 0, Zero = 0
Jump if above or equal (>=)
Carry = 0
Jump if not below (not <)
Carry = 0
Jump if below (<)
Carry = 1
Jump if not above nor equal (not >=)
Carry = 1
Jump if below or equal (<=)
Carry = 1 or Zero = 1
Jump if not above (not >)
Carry = 1 or Zero = 1
Jump if equal (=)
Zero = 1
Jump if not equal ()
Zero = 0

Opposite
JNC
JC
JNZ
JZ
JNS
JS
JNO
JO
JNP
JPO
JP
JPE

Aliases Opposite
JNBE
JNA
JA
JBE
JNC, JNB JNAE
JNC, JAE
JB
JC, JNAE
JNB
JC, JB
JAE
JNA
JNBE
JBE
JA
JZ
JNE
JNZ
JE

Signed Comparisons
Instruction
Description
Condition
Aliases Opposite
JG
Jump if greater (>)
Sign = Overflow or Zero = 0 JNLE
JNG
JNLE
Jump if not less than nor equal (not <=) Sign = Overflow or Zero = 0
JG
JLE
JGE
Jump if greater than or equal (>=)
Sign = Overflow
JNL
JGE
JNL
Jump if not less than (not <)
Sign = Overflow
JGE
JL
JL
Jump if less than (<)
Sign Overflow
JNGE
JNL
JNGE
Jump if not greater nor equal (not >=)
Sign Overflow
JL
JGE
JLE
Jump if less than or equal (<=)
Sign Overflow or Zero = 1
JNG
JNLE
JNG
Jump if not greater than (not >)
Sign Overflow or Zero = 1
JLE
JG
JE
Jump if equal (=)
Zero = 1
JZ
JNE
JNE
Jump if not equal ()
Zero = 0
JNZ
JE

8086 Flags Register

|ODITSZAPC|

Overflow Flag, Direction Flag, Interrupt Flag, Trap Flag,

Sign Flag, Zero Flag, Auxilary carry Flag, Parity Flag,
Carry Flag

Intentionally
Blank

Assembler Directives
ALIGN
ASSUME sr:sy(,...)
ASSUME NOTHING
DB
e(,...)
DBS
e
DD
e(,...)
DDS
e
DW
e(,...)
DWS
e
EXT
(sr:)sy(t)
LABEL t
PROC
t
ABS
BYTE
DWORD
FAR
HIGH
LENGTH
LOW
NEAR
OFFSET
PTR
SEG
SHORT
SIZE
THIS
TYPE
WORD

Align to word boundary

Assume segment register name(s)
Remove all former assumptions
Define Byte(s)
Define Byte Storage
Define Double Word(s)
Define Double Word Storage
Define Word(s)
Define Word Storage
External(s)(t=ABS/BYTE/DWORD/FAR/NEAR/WORD)
Label
(t=BYTE/DWORD/FAR/NEAR/WORD)
Procedure
(t=FAR/NEAR, default NEAR)
Absolute value of operand
Byte type operation
Double Word operation
IP and CS registers altered
High-order 8 bits of 16-bit value
Number of basic units
Low-order 8 bit of 16-bit value
Only IP register need be altered
Offset portion of an address
Create a variable or label
Segment of address
One byte for a JMP operation
Number of bytes defined by statement
Create a variable/label of specified type
Number of bytes in the unit defined
Word operation