19. List and describe the elements of image interpretations.

Ans: The elements are listed below:

Location
There are two primary methods to obtain precise location
1) Survey in the field using GPS or
2) Using remotely sensed data of the object

Size
length, width and perimeter are measured.
Measuring the size of an unknown object allows the interpreter to rule out
possible alternatives.

Shape
There are infinite numbers of shapes of natural and man-made objects in
world like triangular, straight etc

Shadow
Virtually all remotely sensed data is collected within 2 hours of solar noon
to avoid extended shadows in the image or photo.
This is because shadows can obscure other objects that could otherwise be
identified. On the other hand, the shadow cast by an object may be key to
the identity of another object.

Tone and color

The darker an object appears, the less light it reflects.

Texture
Is a product of scale.
On large scale, objects could appear to have an intermediate texture.
On small scale, the texture could appear more uniform or smooth.

Pattern
is the spatial arrangement of objects in the landscape.
The objects may be arranged randomly or systematically.

Height and Depth

 also known as elevation and bathymetry

is one of the most diagnostic elements of image interpretation because
any object, such as a building or electric pole that rises above the local
landscape will exhibit some sort of radial relief.

Site/Situation/Association
Site include elevation, slope, and type of surface cover.
Situation refers to how the objects in the photo or image are organized and
situated in respect to each other.
Association refers to the fact that when you find a certain activity within a
photo or image, you usually encounter related or associated features or
activities.