STEAM-HYDROCARBON REFORMER

FURNACE DESIGN
Introduction
Direct-fired steam hydrocarbon reforming furnace is the work-horse of
gas production processes.
Steam reforming process is a well-established catalytic process that
convert natural gas or light hydrocarbons in a mixture containing a major
portion of Hydrogen. The Steam reforming process has gained more and
more importance with the increasing demand of various type of syngases
for the chemical and petrochemical industries. Its application are in the
production of:
-

Ammonia
Methanol
OXO Alcool
Hydrogen

In particular Hydrogen has become a very important product for the

refinery desulphurisation and hydrocracking process units.
The furnace may stand alone, or operate in conjunction with a prereformer, post-reformer, or other schemes. In the furnace, the reforming of
steam-hydrocarbon mixtures is accomplished in catalyst-filled tubes. In
hydrogen plants, in-tube fluid pressures are typically 25 30 kg/cm2 with
outlet temperatures up to 860C (and even higher) depending on the
process requirements. The reformer reaction process is endothermic,
requiring high level heat input. A variety of catalyst (nickel-based) are
available for a given feed and product requirement.
Safe, reliable and efficient operation is needed to meet the users product
demands.
Radiant section arrangement
As the process requires high heat input levels, the catalyst-filled tubes are
placed vertically in the radiant firebox section of the furnace. The steamhydrocarbon mixture is typically preheated outside the radiant section to
500C 650C to minimize the radiant heat load and, therefore, the
furnace fuels requirement. Excessive preheat will effect coke formation of
Page 1

the feed, resulting in carbon deposits on the catalyst causing degradation

and/or pluggage, and also potential tube failure in the preheat section.
Properly located combustion equipment (burners) assures heat input as
the mixture passes through the catalyst tubes and is reformed to the
required outlet conditions.
The catalyst tube arrangement consists of a multiple of once-through
parallel passes, typically with the preheated inlet mixture entering the
top of each catalyst tube, and exiting at the bottom.
Once the reformed gas exits the catalyst tubes, it is collected in a header
system and cooled in an external process gas waste heat exchanger. The
effluent from this equipment is typically cooled to 320C 370C to permit
further reaction in downstream equipment.
Safe and reliable operation of the reformer furnace depends on the
disposition of the catalyst tubes and the burners that supply the heat to
the catalyst tubes.
In theory, complete control of heat input along the vertical catalyst tube
length will maximize catalyst reactivity, minimize tube temperatures, and
minimize tube or catalyst damage during operating upsets such as
process steam interruption, or wide load swings. Such a design requires
an excessive number of burners and be difficult to operate.
Several well-proven configurations are available which, each in their own
way, provide a practical approach towards meeting the requirements of
this process. Two particular designs are considered.
FIGURE 1

Page 2

Side Fired (Terrace Wall)

Foster Wheeler Fired Heater Division developed its patented Terrace
Wall reformer furnace in the early 1960s and continuosly improves it to
incorporate the desired process requirements and provide a safe,
operable, and economic design.
This design (Figure 1) typically locates a single, in-line row of catalyst
tubes in the middle of the radiant firebox, and locates burners on both
sides to provide uniform heat distribution around the catalyst tube
circumference. The burners fire vertically upward along the refractorylined walls of the radiant section, essentially parallel to the catalyst tubes,
to assure flame stability and avoid flame impingement. The burners
provide a flat-shaped flame and are suitably spaced along the length of
the firebox, assuring uniform heat input to the catalyst tubes; essentially
the refractory wall becomes a uniform heat radiating plane.
(See figure 2)
Operating flexibility is built in to allow trimming of burners in specific
areas where minor hot spots may occur, since the burners serve a single
row of tubes.
With catalyst tubes typically 11 to 14 meters long, control of vertical heat
distribution along the tube lengths is typically obtained by providing two
(2) levels of burners. This permits controlled heat input as process
conditions, catalyst activity or other factors varies during operation.
As is the case with all fired process furnaces, the radiant section heat
transfer is augmented by a convection component as hot flue gases
recirculate, drawn downwards by the relatively colder tubes. In this
design, the recirculation is essentially contained by the sidewalls on
both sides of the tubes, and reheating (as the gases return upwards
along the sidewalls past the up-fired bur ners) is predictable, resulting in
efficient overall heat transfer.

Page 3

The upflowing hot flue gases exhaust naturally at the top of the firebox,
entering the heat recovery section where feed preheat, steam generation,
air preheat or post-combustion Nox reduction (SCRs) may be installed.
FIGURE 2

Flat-shaped flame configuration

The top of the firebox is the point of highest pressure (lowest negative
pressure, or draft). This area must be controlled to be maintained at
least 2.5 mm water column below atmospheric pressure to keep the
furnace at negative pressure throughout, avoiding hot flue gas leakage
through the various openings (tube penetrations, sight doors, etc.) and to
prevent hot flue gas from contacting the furnace casing plate. The Terrace
Wall design can frequently utilize simply a natural draft stack. Where
very high fuel efficiency is needed (e.g., air preheat) or an SCR is
installed, the pressure loss through this equipment usually dictates the
use of mechanical draft equipment (induced draft fan).
With firing at more than one level to reduce the vertical heat flux variation,
and with a uniform radiating plane effected by firing along the side walls,
the catalyst tubes can be spaced typically at a 1.4 to 1.7 ratio (center-tocenter divided by outside diameter) to obtain an optimal distribution of
heat around the tube, minimizing peak tube metal temperatures. (using the
API RP-530 curve, the circumferential heat flux factor or variation from
average flux for calculating tube temperature is 1.31 to 1.25; see Figure
3).

Page 4

FIGURE 3

Ratio of maximum local to average heat flux.

Single row of tubes with equal radiation from both sides.
Source: API RP-530
Each catalyst tube is flanged on top to permit catalyst loading from
walkways at the firebox roof (or arch).
The firebox sidewalls are slopped at a small angle to optimize radiant heat
transfer. This also creates a terrace shape, which provides a mounting
space for the individual burner levels.
Burner access for operation and maintenance is from essentially
unrestricted platforms located along the sidewalls at each firing level.
Burner noise plenums, ductwork supplying preheated combustion air or, in
some cases, hot gas turbine exhaust, can be readily installed. Various
fuels such as natural gas, refinery gas, or even liquid fuels (and
associated atomizing steam) can be readily piped to the burners.
The off-gas from a PSA (Pressure Swing Absorption) hydrogen purification
system is used as fuel for the reformer furnace. This is low BTU fuel, and
usually available at low pressure s. When properly integrated with
hydrogen plant design itself, the PSA fuel can provide most or all of
the fuel needed in the reformer furnace. Typically, the plant design prefers
to limit the PSA off-gas to base-load at 90% or so of the total reformer
fuel requirement, allowing the balance (refinery gas or natural gas) to be
used for controlling the heat input.

Page 5

The burner arrangement on the Terrace Wall design (firing along the
refractory sidewalls) allows stable burning 100% of PSA off-gas once the
firebox is heated.
Top Fired (Downfired)
The down-fired design (Figure 4) locates from one to as many as ten or
more rows (or lanes) of catalyst tubes (in-line) in a single radiant firebox
enclosure, with rows of burners located in the roof (or arch) of the firebox
between the tube lanes. The burners fire downwards, parallel to the
hydrocarbon-steam mixture flow direction through the catalyst tubes.
Burner flame and hot gas radiation provide heat input to the tubes. The
combustion of low calorific value PSA gas produce long, lazy and
uncontrollable flame patterns which will be creating down-flowing as well
as side turning flames with impingement on catalyst tubes, since no hot
refractory lining is present to retain the flame away from the catalyst
tubes.
FIGURE 4

Typical Downfired design

This arrangement effects somewhat higher heat fluxes at the top of the
tube (coldest fluid).

Page 6

The concentration of heat flux at catalyst tube inlet might result in local
overheating of both tubes and catalyst in particular when operating at
partial loads.
Each row of burners provides heat input affecting two rows of catalyst
tubes. The two lateral rows are subject in addition to flue gas radiation
also to the radiation of the hot unshielded wall facing the tubes. This fact
results in an overheating of one side of the lateral catalyst tube with
consequent heat maldistribution.
Flue gases are collected at the bottom of the firebox in refractory
tunnels, properly sized and arranged to maintain a uniform flow pattern
in the firebox. The flue gases exit the tunnels and are directed to the
heat recovery section for process coil heating, steam generation services,
and air preheating exchanger.
To assure negative pressure at the firebox, mechanical draft equipment
(induced draft fan) must be installed to overcome the draft gain in the
firebox and the pressure losses in the various heat recovery coils and/or
equipment.
Having firing only at one level, there is no possibility of control of the heat
input along the catalyst tubes, and the heat transfer mechanism more
dependent on burner spacing (not by uniformly heated sidewalls). The
catalyst tubes are spaced at a 2.0 to 2.5 ratio (center-to-center divided by
outside diameter) to minimize peak tube metal temperatures. (Using the
API RP-530 curve, the circumferential heat flux factor for calculating tube
temperature is 1.20 to 1.15 at this spacing).
Lane spacing (versus tube length) is established to assure proper heat
transfer.
Access for burner operating maintenance, is from the walkways located
between the tube lanes and burner rows at the firebox arch.

Page 7

Also in case of a generous lane spacing particularly with multiple fuel

headers and/or hot ducting to the burners, this area, which is very hot
during natural operation, might be dangerous for operator.
In case of failure of the induced draft flue gas fan, hot flue gases will be
trapped at the top of the down fired radiant box since no draft is available
and therefore the excessive heat concentration and the possibility to have
slight positive pressure at the top of the downfired reformer is a risk of
injury for operating personnel, present on top of radiant section under the
penthouse.
The downfired arrangement is more difficult to be operated since an
uneven heat flux distribution caused by a maldistribution of the heat fired
on the various lane of burners might effect heavily tube life.
In addition during start-up and warm-up of steam reformer all the heat
liberated by the downfiring burners will remain at the top determining a
very hot area at arch level since the remaining radiant zone, still in cold
condition and without vertical walls, are not suitable to provide the heat
downwards. This can result in uncontrolled flame and detrimental after
burning conditions between the catalyst tubes arranged in parallel lanes.
Catalyst Tubes
At a specified design point, a comparison can be shown (between the two
design configurations) of the in-tube fluid and tube metal temperature
profiles along a catalyst tube (Figure 5).
The comparative profiles for typical hydrogen reformer conditions indicate
the higher heat flux at the top of the tube on the downfired design, as
evidenced from a steeper fluid temperature profile (and relatively hotter
tube metal temperature).
The Terrace Wall design has the advantage that with a proper split of
firing between the two burner level the fluid/metal temperature profile can
be modified and optimized in accordance with the actual operating
condition while in the Downfiring design the temperature profile is only a
consequence of the operating conditions.
Operational upsets such as interruption of process steam or unexpected
impurities in the hydrocarbon feed tends to result in greater catalyst
temperature with possibility of tubes damages in the higher flux inlet zone
of the downfired unit.

FIGURE 5

Page 8

Temperature profile vs. catalyst tube length

Terrace Wall against Downfired design
Outlet Header System
The reformed gas outlet from the bottom of each catalyst tube is directed
to the outlet collector header system, and then to the process gas heat
exchange train (typically a waste heat boiler which generates steam).
In the Terrace Wall design, each catalyst tube outlet is connected by an
Incoloy 800H outlet pigtail, which is then connected to the outlet header.
The outlet header is Incoloy 800H (or centrifugally cast equivalent
material). This system is fully contained in an insulated enclosure to
minimize heat loss and provide for expansion (see
Figure 6). The outlet header is directly connected to the process gas
waste heat boiler inlet channel in most cases.
This arrangement also permits pinching of the individual pigtails (top
inlet and bottom outlet) to isolate a failed tube without shutting down the
whole unit. Experts skilled in this procedure have the equipment and
know-how to safely pinch-off the tubes.

Page 9

FIGURE 6

Outlet pigtail and hot outlet header

Mechanical Features
Proper installation and support systems for the catalyst tubes are critical
to the successful long-term operation of the reformer furnace. Much work
has been done over the years in learning the dos and donts of the
systems. Experience is the best teacher, and use of that experience in
todays reformer furnaces assures the most reliable product.
In the Terrace Wall design with outlet pigtails and hot outlet header
(Figure 6), the system provides full load top support (catalyst tube weight
plus catalyst weight) with expansion of the catalyst tube upwards through
the arch (typically 200 250 mm). Top support is provided with a simple,
positive counterweights system, which allows for the necessary variation
in expansion between adjacent tubes. (Figure 7).
The hot outlet header expands along the furnace length, pulling the
outlet pigtails and the catalyst tubes with practically no stress since all
the weight is supported from the top.

Page 10

Although a single row of tubes fired equally from both sides should have
little if any temperature difference from one side to the other, the
outlet pigtail does provide flexibility to reduce any bending stresses which
might develop due to tube bowing.

FIGURE 7

Top supporting system

Heat Recovery Arrangement

With the Terrace Wall reformer, the flue gas heat recovery section
(convection section) is placed on top of radiant firebox. This minimizes the
plot requirements, and provides continued upflow of the flue gases.
The convection coils are horizontally mounted with all the services: mixed
feed preheat, prereformer preheat, feed gas preheat, steam superheater
and steam generation, feedwater preheater in a proper sequence to
optimize the heat recovery. Steam generation coils are designed for
forced circulation to assure positive flow throughout start-up and off-load
operation. The steam drum is mounted on the reformer.

Page 11

Combustion air preheat exchanger can be mounted either on top of the

upflow convection section, or mounted alongside the reformer furnace.
Figure 8 shows a typical 2-cell Terrace Wall reformer with the closecoupled process gas waste heat boiler, steam drum, and hot air ducts to
the burners.
On the downfired reformer design, the hot flue gas exiting the radiant
section tunnels can be directed to a grade-mounted heat recovery
section with either vertical or horizontal flue gas flow depending on coil
services and auxiliary equipment.
FIGURE 8

Typical Terrace-Wall design

Page 12

Miscellaneous
Refractories
Radiant section linings are exposed to firebox temperatures of 1000C and
higher, and therefore necessitating high quality insulating refractory
materials to withstand the environment and reduce the heat loss (lower
the casing temperature).
Insulating firebricks backed by lightweight insulating blanket is used.
Convection sections are lined with insulating castable.
Assembly
Where shipping clearance is adequate, the Terrace Wall radiant section
design lends itself to full modularization (steel and linings, catalyst tubes
and outlet collectors, shop installed). (See figure 9). This feature is not
possible with the Downfired design.
Convection section is usually fully modularized with steel, linings and
coils shop installed.
FIGURE 9

Environmental

Page 13

Burner Nox levels can be effectively reduced using current low Nox burner
designs. The low calorific value of PSA gas and the staged air design
effectively reduces the Nox generated by the burner. This design is
possible in the Terrace Wall reformer since the shape of the flames is
controlled by the sloped wall design.
Conclusion
The steam-hydrocarbon reformer furnace can be designed to meet the
specific needs of a hydrogen plant. Optimal design configurations are
available; one will provide the best solution for a particular purpose.
Based on the consideration mentioned above it is clear the Terrace Wall
design has several advantages if compared with the Downfiring design for
what concerns safety, reliability and operability, along with design
experience and quality. These are important factors to be considered
when selecting this important component in a hydrogen plant.
Foster Wheeler Experience
The attached pages show Foster Wheeler experience in the steam
reformer heater design and the photos of some steam reformer heaters
are herewith attached.

Page 14

Page 15

Partial list of Hydrogen Steam Reformers built by Foster Wheeler

JOB

YEAR

CLIENT
CONTRACTOR

OWNER

COUNTRY

SIZE
(MMSCFD)

2-BE-0024A

WINTER 2005

AO MOZYR

AO MOZYR

BELARUS

22

2-BE-0023A

AUTUMN 2005

KBR/SNAM

EGTL

NIGERIA

27

2-BE-0022A

AUTUMN 2005

KOCH GLITSCH

PNCHZ

KAZAKHSTAN

15

2-BE-0020A

SUMMER 2005

AO MOZYR

AO MOZYR

BELARUS

22

2-BE-0013A

SPRING 2004

TECHNIP ITALY

ARAMCO

SAUDI ARABIA

20

NA

SUMMER 2003

PETROM

PETROM

ROMANIA

22

2-BE-0008A

SUMMER 2002

FWI/ESSO

ESSO

GERMANY

10

2-21-20070

SUMMER 2001

FW/BOC

HUNTSMAN

ENGLAND

37

2-BE-0002A

SPRING 2000

TECHNIP ITALY

REFINERIA ISLA

NETH. ANTILLES

22

NA

1997

FW

LAGOVEN

VENEZUELA

50

2-21-1830

WINTER 1996

CHIYODA

THAIOIL

THAILAND

35

2-21-1800

FALL 1996

CHIYODA

MRC

MALAYSIA

15

2-21-1780

SUMMER 1996

SNAMPROGETTI

PEMEX

MEXICO

85

2-21-1775

SUMMER 1995

ESSO

ESSO

SINGAPORE

15

2-21-20035

SPRING 1995

FWEL

PERTAMINA

INDONESIA

75

RAYTHEON

PETROTRIN

TRINIDAD

40

NA
5-16-1130

1994

FW

CENEX

MINNESOTA

12

5-16-1094

SPRING 1989

FW

NEWGRADE
ENERGY

CANADA

60

FW

NEWFOUNDLAND

CANADA

42

NA

Page 16

NOTES

COMPLETE
MODULE

TOP FIRED

2-21-1760

SUMMER 1996

SNAMPROGETTI

TUPRAS

TURKEY

52

2-21-1705

FALL 1993

SNAMPROGETTI

TUPRAS

TURKEY

44

2-21-1655

FALL 1993

JGC

NIOC

IRAN

50

2-21-1640

SUMMER 1996

SNAMPROGETTI

NIOC

IRAN

50

2-21-1585

SUMMER 1987

C.F. BRAUN

KNPC

KUWAIT

50

3 UNITS

ARAMCO

ARAMCO

SAUDI ARABIA

50

2 UNITS

5-16-1069
2-21-1570

SUMMER 1985

SNAMPROGETTI

ADNOC

ABU DHABI

65

5-16-1049

SUMMER 1984

FW

UNOCAL

ILLINOIS

14

FW

PETROSAR

CANADA

5-16-1034
5-16-1033

FALL 1984

PBS

SHELL

CANADA

35

2 UNITS - TOP
FIRED

2-21-1565

SUMMER 1984

JGC

KNPC (FUC)

KUWAIT

42

2 UNITS

5-16-1030

SPRING 1984

FE

SNC / SUNCOR

CANADA

41

2-21-1540

SUMMER 1983

JGC

KNPC (RMP)

KUWAIT

42

5-16-1026

FALL 1983

BECHTEL

PETROCANADA

CANADA

36

5-16-1020

SPRING 1983

FLUOR

PHILLIPS

TEXAS

60

5-16-1010

FALL 1982

FLUOR

POWERINE OIL

CALIFORNIA

19

5-16-1003 (GTE)

SUMMER 1983

FW

CHEVRON

MINNESOTA

95

2-21-1455

WINTER 1980

CHIYODA

ARAMCO

SAUDI ARABIA

66

2-21-1405

SUMMER 1980

SNIA

TECHMASHIMPOR
T

RUSSIA

8,5

5-16-964

WINTER 1979

FW

KIPCO

KOREA

17,7

5-16-956

WINTER 1979

FW

PGW

PENNSILVANIA

CONFID.

2-21-1385

SUMMER 1978

SNAMPROGETTI

NIOC

IRAN

34

5-16-940

SUMMER 1977

PROCON

AMOCO

ALABAMA

16

5-16-935

SUMMER 1978

KNPC

KNPC

KUWAIT

70

Page 17

2 UNITS

2 UNITS

5-16-926

1978

FW

PETROCANADA

CANADA

17

5-16-903

FW

MOBIL

NEW JERSEY

21

5-16-886

FLUOR

TUCSON O & G

ARIZONA

5-16-883

FLUOR

BP

OHIO

42

NEVER
ERECTED

5-16-863

FW

CHEVRON

NEW JERSEY

NEVER
ERECTED

2-21-60107

1976

FWL

BP

ENGLAND

48

PRH 2940

1976

FWF

RHONE POULENC

FRANCE

7,6

5-16-853

SUMMER 1976

MCKEE

VENEZUELA

29

2-21-1370

1975

FWI

SIR

ITALY

34

2-21-60095

1975

FWEL

NIOC

IRAN

32

5-16-851

WINTER 1975

PROCON

AMOCO

TEXAS

FLUOR

N.W. NAT GAS

OREGON

BADGER

BORCO

BAHAMAS

35

FLUOR

TRANSCO

PENNSILVANYA

10,5
9,5

5-16-847
5-16-824

SUMMER 1975

5-16-818
5-16-802

SPRING 1975

FW

PUBLIC SERVICE
G&E

NEW JERSEY

2-21-1320

SPRING 1975

FWI

ISAB

ITALY

2-21-1275

SUMMER 1973

SNAMPROGETTI

NIOC

IRAN

17

2-21-60052

1973

FWL

IRVING OIL

CANADA

40

PRH 1805

SUMMER 1973

FWF

BP LAVERA

FRANCE

29

5-16-801

SPRING 1973

FW

PUBLIC SERVICE
G&E

NEW JERSEY

2-21-60030

1972

FWL

NIOC

IRAN

30

5-16-779

FALL 1972

IHI

TOKAI DENKA

JAPAN

1,9

2-21-1295

FALL 1972

FLOUR

ESSO CREOLE

VENEZUELA

5-16-762

SPRING 1972

IHI

SHOWA
YOKKAICHI

JAPAN

Page 18

NEVER
ERECTED

2 UNITS

ESSO DESIGN

ESSO DESIGN
31,1

5-16-751

SUMMER 1972

LUMMUS

CANADA
PETROFINA

CANADA

45,8

5-16-705

SPRING 1971

FW

PENNZOIL

PENSYLVANYA

1,65

5-16-672 (GTE)

SPRING 1971

BECHTEL

CHEVRON

MINNESOTA

80

5-16-670

SUMMER 1972

BECHTEL

PEMEX

MEXICO

52,5

5-16-648

SPRING 1972

IDEMITSU-KOSAN

IDEMITSU-KOSAN

JAPAN

17

5-16-645

SPRING 1971

KELLOGG

SHELL

TEXAS

CONFIDENTIAL

2-21-10273

1970

FWL

SAO PAULO

BRAZIL

5-16-625

WINTER 1970

BECHTEL

MARATHON

ILLINOIS

26,5

5-16-622

1967

NOHON KIHATSUYU

NOHON
KIHATSUYU

JAPAN

28

5-16-611

FALL 1970

PROCON

SHELL

CANADA

35

5-16-608

SUMMER 1969

PRITCHARD

MOBIL

LOUISIANA

26

5-16-604

FALL 1968

DAIKYOWA

DAIKYOWA

JAPAN

12

5-16-555

FALL 1968

JGC

KNPC

KUWAIT

39

5-16-535

SPRING 1969

FW

MOBIL

TEXAS

60

2-21-10253

1968

FWL

NATREF

SOUTH AFRICA

22

2-21-10239

1968

FWL

PETROBRAS

BRAZIL

220

2-21-10238

1968

FWL

BP

ENGLAND

80

5-16-501

WINTER 1970

AG MCKEE

SHELL

ILLINOIS

55

5-16-488

SUMMER 1968

FLUOR

KNPC

KUWAIT

70

5-16-479

SUMMER 1968

FLUOR

NIOC

IRAN

33

2-21-1075

SPRING 1968

FWI

MONTESUD

ITALY

2,2

2-21-10212

1967

FWL

NTGB

ENGLAND

50

5-16-451

SPRING 1967

FLUOR

ATLANTIC
REFINING

PENNSYLVANYA

50

2-21-10197

1966

FWL

GULF OIL

WALES

12

Page 19

3 UNITS

2 UNITS

2-21-10186

1966

FWL

NIOC

IRAN

30

5-16-444

WINTER 1966

PARSONS

MOBIL

CALIFORNIA

50

5-16-437

FALL 1966

PARSONS

ARCO

CALIFORNIA

55

5-16-397

SUMMER 1966

FLUOR

BP

OHIO

26,9

5-16-388

WINTER 1965

FW

CHEVRON

CALIFORNIA

67,5

5-16-328

WINTER 1964

FW

KETONA
CHEMICAL

ALABAMA

2,3

5-16-315

SPRING 1964

FW

AMERICAN
CYNAMID

NEW JERSEY

FWL

ESSO FAWLEY

ENGLAND

1,6

5-16-290
5-16-248

WINTER 1963

PARSONS

LINDE NASA

CALIFORNIA

26

5-16-242

WINTER 1962

FWL

BRITISH
AMERICAN

CANADA

11

WINTER 1962

FLUOR

CHEVRON

MINNESOTA

20

Page 20

2 UNITS

Hydrogen SteamReformer for ISLA Refinery Curacao N.A.

Capacity 26000 Nm3/h Single Cell Design

Page 21

Hydrogen Steam Reformer for PEMEX - Mexico

Capacity 90,000 Nm3/h Double Cell Design

Page 22

Hydrogen Steam Reformer for AO Mozyr - Belarus

Capacity 12,000 Nm3/h Single Cell Design

Page 23

Hydrogen Steam Reformer for NIOC - Iran

Capacity 50,000 Nm3/h Double Cell Design

Page 24

Hydrogen Steam Reformer for KNPC - Kuwait

Capacity 55,000 Nm3/h Double Cell Design
Air preheaters and fans mounted on top of the heaters
Seven Units supplied in three Refineries

Page 25

Hydrogen Steam Reformer for TUPRAS - Turkey

Capacity 45,000 Nm3/h Double Cell Design

Page 26