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Abstract
The article describes a DVB-RCS compliant Satellite Access Network-concept called
"2Way-Sat". After describing the different players in the Business Model, an overview
of the total Network Architecture is given, with more details on the heart of the HUB
station : "The Carrier Blade". Several examples of services offered to end customers
are provided. With Satellite Bandwidth being quite expensive, adequate bandwidth
shaping and QoS-prioritisation is realised. Bench marking is foreseen in order to
verify the end performance.
Finally, some implementation aspects are described, for all elements of the Network.
Introduction
- a set of services, which are offered
(e.g. Internet Access, Pre-fetching,
Web Caching, Software Download,
etc)
- traffic volume (average, maximum, )
- quality of service (priority, bandwidth,
availability)
- number of terminals.
ISPs
The Internet Service Providers (or
equivalent distributors) will sell Internet
Access and / or other Value Added
Services to End Customers.
The ISP will guarantee performance /
price for these End Customers and act as
a single point of contact to manage their
SIT (Satellite Interactive terminal).
(iii)
End-customers
These are usually SMEs (Small and
Medium-sized
Enterprises),
Internet
Cafs and SOHOs which are in need of a
broadband return link (upload).
DVB-RCS will be most attractive for those
upload users who need a combination of
a high peak and a low-to-medium average
return rate, since in that case the
statistical multiplexing of the satellite is
most effective.
(iv) SIT-installers
Install SITs at the End-Customer on
behalf of the ISPs.
SAP
The Satellite Access Provider usually
sells transponder capacity and operates
the HUB. The SAP will guarantee a
certain performance / price for multiple
ISPs like :
(v)
Network Supplier
Delivers the HUB to the SAP.
- POP Router
(ii)
Satellite
For non-mass-market networks, Ku-band
has the advantage that existing satellites
can be used.
For the Forward-Link (FW), often the 13
GHz band is used in single or dual carrier
per transponder operation (low gain - ALC
activated).
For the Return-Link (RT), mainly the
14.0 - 14.25 GHz VSAT band is used in
multi-carrier, high-gain operation.
For mass-market networks (for example 1
Million users) Ka-band satellites with
multi-spot beams are recommended.
This will certainly require the realisation of
adaptive modulation and coding the FWlink, as has been standardised in DVBS2.
HUB-station
- Indoor Unit
(iii)
(ii)
(i)
DHCP service
PCs connected to the Customers LAN
can automatically obtain an IP address, a
DNS server address and a default
Gateway address (of the POP Router).
(ii)
(iii)
(v)
(v)
Bench Marking
Performance
(i)
(ii)
Access
End-Customer Experience
One of the success factors of 2Way-Sat is
the real Broadband experience the
customers must feel. It is well known that
the satellite delay (250 msec one-way)
results in a throughput limit up to around
300 kbps for typical TCP connections.
TCP accelerators help to overcome this
effect and increase throughput speed,
however a non-Broadband response
experience (e.g. 40 sec) is normally felt
when multi-object pages have to be
downloaded. A typical example of such a
page is " www.nytimes.com", with appr.
50 objects and around 200 Kbytes of
contents to transfer.
To solve this
problem, an HPS (HTTP Pre-fetching
Server) in installed in the HUB.
When a user downloads this page, the
HPS will fetch it over the IP Backbone
(very wideband and low delay) and when
it is complete, it will push it over the
Access Network to the end customer.
The typical result is that in 50% of the
cases, the download time is below 6 sec,
in 90% below 10 sec, in 99% below 15
sec. For this typical page a cumulative
histogram of the HTTP Download test can
easily be made over several access
networks. Another important Broadband
Experience is how fast files can be
uploaded. A typical example is an FTP
upload of a 1 MByte file. In case of a
maximum RT-speed of 400 kbps, this
upload will be minimum around 20 sec.
Performance in case of low load is shown
in Table 1 hereafter.
Probability
(iii)
of
HTTP
Download
"nytimes.com"
7 sec
11 sec
13 sec
FTP
Upload
(1 MByte )
20 sec
24 sec
28 sec
(ii)
ISP Experience
The ISP of course is also interested in the
End Customer Broadband Experience,
but he also has to pay the SAP for HUB
use and satellite bandwidth consumption.
So price experience will be very
important.
The SAP cost is mainly
relative to the traffic volume and not that
much to bandwidth experience (on
condition that enough clients are present
to allow the use of an efficient statistical
multiplexing).
For example :
SAP cost =
X1 x (GByte-FW) + X2 x (Gbyte -RT)
e.g.
X1 = 60 Euro/GByte - FW
X2 = 90 Euro/GByte - RT
- Interoperability
with
other
SIT
manufacturers is progressing quite well
and reporting of this activity is given via
the SATLABS organisation.
SIT Implementation
- For professional End-Customers (cfr.
2Way-Sat.Plus), the most successful
networks [5] are using Ku-band, since
many satellites are available and
antenna sizes can be as small as 75
cm.
However, depending on the
satellite
contours
and
potential
interference from and to adjacent
satellites, 90 cm - 120 cm and even 180
cm could be required.
HUB Implementations
The basic implementation is a 2WaySat.Plus version, which supports max. 8
Carrier Blades and up to max. 32000
SITs.
Being a scalable system, it means that
the satellite bandwidth and number of
terminals can grow by simply adding more
equipment, without interrupting the normal
operation of the network. Note that for
such operational systems, full automatic
redundancy is foreseen, resulting into an
availability better than 99.99%.
A simpler implementation is the 2WaySat.Light version, which supports only 1
(iii)
Satellites
It is not required that the HUB receives its
own FW link signal or accurate Satellite
Position Tables from the Satellite
Provider, since it will track the Satellite
Position itself.
In general, satellites stay within a 0.1
degree variation box. Larger variations
can be allowed as long as the satellite
stays within the beam-width of the SIT
antennas.
Security Aspects
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
Satlabs Group
http://telecom.esa.int/telecom
Special Internet groups Satlabs
[5]
www.aramiska.com
List of Acronyms
ACM
ALC
BDM
BUC
CCC
CCMT
CPE
CRA
Contact information :
Tel : +32 3 780 65 00
Fax : +32 3 780 65 49
web : www.newtec.be
DHCP
Satellite
Return
Forward
Outdoor
Unit
Outdoor
Unit
Outdoor
Unit
Carrier
Blade SS2
Indoor
Unit
POP
Box
Indoor
Unit
POP
Box
Indoor
Unit
POP
Box
Carrier
Blade SS8
Optional
VPN Router
Optional
VPN Router
Optional
VPN Router
CPE LAN
CPE LAN
CPE LAN
PC1
PC1
PC1
Common SS
RF SS
Carrier
Blade SS1
Edge
Router
HUB
PCn
SIT 1
PCn
SIT 2
PCn
SIT n
IP
Backbone
FLE
To/from
Edge
Router
SLR 1
SLR 2
SDR
ETH
WCS
OC3
PMT
Tx to RF SS
ASI
RLP
HPS
PMS
FW MOD
Incl.NCR Inserter
BDM-Bank
Incl.ATM MUX
SEMS
Rx from RF SS
February
March
April
May
June
July
14000
12000
Forward
Carrier1
(kbps)
10000
Return
RLP1.1
(kbps)
FWlimit
Weekly
(kbps)
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1
31
61
91
121
151
181
211
241
271
301
331