Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine

Mechanism of action
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are taken up more
readily into affected cells than into noninfected cells. Their exact
mechanism is unknown. Inside cells, the antimalarials may
raise the internal pH inside parasite vesicles and may also interfere
with parasite nucleoprotein synthesis.
Clinical use
These drugs are used for prophylaxis and acute attacks of malaria.
They are effective for treating the erythrocytic (blood)
stage of malaria; however, they have no effect on exoerythrocytic
(tissue) forms of malaria.
Adverse effects
Resistance to these drugs is increasing in many parts of
the world. These drugs may cause hemolysis in patients
with G6PD deficiency. In addition, these drugs have been
associated with seizures, electrocardiographic changes, agranulocytosis,
and irreversible retinal damage. Ophthalmic
examinations are recommended