PETE 7212 Well Completion Design

PETE 7212
Well Completion Design

Casing Design
Casing Design
Why Run Casing?

Types of Casing Strings
Classification of Casing
Wellheads
Burst, Collapse and Tension
Example
Effect of Axial Tension on Collapse Strength
Example
Louisiana State University
College of Engineering
Casing Design
Why run casing?
To prevent the hole from collapsing.

Onshore - to prevent contamination of fresh water
sands
To prevent water migration to producing formation
To confine production to the wellbore
To control pressures during drilling
To provide an acceptable environment for
subsurface equipment in producing wells
Casing Design
To confine production to the wellbore.

To control pressures during drilling.
To provide an acceptable environment for
subsurface equipment in producing wells.
You need 14 ppg to control a lower zone, but an

upper zone will fracture at 12 ppg. What do you
do?

Types of Casing Strings

Depth BML
(ft)
Diameter
Range
Example
Drive pipe or structural pile

(Gulf coast and offshore
only)
150 300
16" 60"
30"
Conductor casing
100 1600
16" 48"
20"
Surface casing
2000 4000
8-5/8" 20"
13-3/8"
Intermediate casing
As needed
7-5/8" 13-3/8"
9-5/8"
Types of Strings of Casing
Depth BML
(ft)
Diameter
Range
Example
Production casing
As needed
4-1/2" 9-5/8"
7"
Liner(s)
As needed
4-1/2" 9-5/8"
Tubing string(s)
As needed
Up to 4"

Example Hole and Casing Sizes

Hole Size
Pipe Size
36"
Structural casing
30"
26"
Conductor casing
20"
17-1/2"
Surface casing
13-3/8"
12-1/4"
Intermediate casing
9-5/8"
8-3/4"
Production liner
7"
Example Hole and String Sizes (in)

Structural casing
Conductor casing
250'
1,000'
4,000'
Surface casing
Intermediate casing
Production Liner
8

Classification of Casing
Outside diameter of pipe
Wall thickness
Grade of material
Type to threads and couplings
Length of each joint (RANGE)
Nominal weight per foot
(e.g. 9 5/8)
(e.g. 1/2)
(e.g. N-80)
(e.g. API LCSG)
(e.g. Range 3)
(e.g. 47 lb/ft)
Casing Grades and Properties

Minimum
Ultimate
Most Common
Yield Strength
Tensile
Grades
(psi)
Strength (psi)
10
H-40
40,000
60,000
J-55
55,000
75,000
K-55
55,000
95,000
C-75
75,000
95,000
L-80
80,000
95,000
N-80
80,000
100,000
C-90
90,000
100,000
C-95
95,000
105,000
P-110
110,000
125,000
V-150
150,000
160,000

Length of Casing Joints

RANGE
16-25 ft
RANGE
25-34 ft
RANGE
34 ft.
11
Casing Threads and Couplings

API round threads (short)
API round threads (long)
Buttress
Extreme line
12
CSG
LCSG
BCSG
XCSG

Typical API Design Factors

Required
10,000 psi
Design
Collapse 1.125
11,250 psi
100,000 lbf
Tension
1.8
180,000 lbf
10,000 psi
Burst
1.1
11,000 psi
13
Pore Pressure
Conductor
Pipe
Abnormal
Surface
Casing
Production
Casing
Production
Tubing
Liner
Normal Pore Pressure

0.433 0.465 psi/ft
14
Abnormal Pore Pressure

> 0.465 psi/ft
Louisiana
Statebottom
University
Design
from
15
Wellhead Assembly
16

Wellhead Assembly
17
Casing Design
Tension
Tension
Depth
Burst
Collapse
Collapse
Burst:
Collapse:
Tension:
18
STRESS
Assume full reservoir pressure all along the wellbore.
Hydrostatic pressure increases with depth
Tensile stress due to weight of string is highest at top
Casing Design Tension
19
Casing Design
Collapse
(from external pressure)
Yield Strength Collapse

Plastic Collapse
Transition Collapse
Elastic Collapse
Collapse pressure is affected by axial stress

20

10
Casing Design Collapse
21
Casing Design Burst
Internal yield pressure for pipe

Internal yield pressure for couplings
Internal pressure leak resistance
22

11
Casing Design Example Burst
Design a 7 casing string to 10,000 ft.

Pore pressure gradient = 0.5 psi/ft
Design factor, Ni=1.1
Design for burst only.
23
Burst Example
Calculate probable reservoir pressure.

psi
p res = 0.5
(10,000 ft ) = 5,000 psi
ft
Calculate required pipe internal yield pressure

rating
pi = pres N i = (5,000)(1.1) = 5,500 psi
24

12
Example
Select the appropriate casing grade and weight

from tables:
Burst pressure required = 5,500 psi

l
l
l
7", J-55, 26 lb/ft has BURST Rating of 4,980 psi

7", N-80, 23 lb/ft has BURST Rating of 6,340 psi
7", N-80, 26 lb/ft has BURST Rating of 7,240 psi
Use N-80 casing, 23 lb/ft
25
Collapse Pressure
The following factors are important:
The collapse pressure resistance of a pipe depends

on the axial stress
There are different types of collapse failure
26
Yield strength collapse

Plastic collapse
Transition collapse
Elastic collapse
13
Casing Design
Collapse pressure correction for axial stress
(Neglects internal pressure)
PC = PCR 1 0.75 A
PC
PCR
A
y
=
=
=
=
0.5 A
Adjusted collapse rating

Collapse rating for zero axial stress
Axial stress in pipe (psi)
Pipe material minimum yield strength (psi)
27
Calculate D/t to determine the proper equation to

use for calculating the collapse rating
28
Yield strength collapse
Plastic collapse
(D / t ) 1
Pyp = 2 y
2
(D / t )
Pp = y 1 F2 F3
D/ t

14
Transition collapse:
Elastic Collapse:
Pt = y 4 F5
D
/
t
Pe =
46 .95 10 6
D D
1
t t
29

If axial tension is zero:
Grade
J-55
Yield
Plastic
14.81
Transition Elastic
25.01
37.31
N-80
13.38
22.47
31.02
P-110
12.44
20.41
26.22
D/ t
30

15
Example 2
Determine the collapse rack rating of
5 1/2" (J55, 14 lb/ft) casing under zero axial load.
Calculate D/t:
D
5.500
=
= 22 .54
1
t
(5.500 5.012 )
2
31
Example 2
Check the mode of collapse
Table 7.4 on p. 309 of Bourgoyne et al. shows that,

for J-55 pipe with 14.81 < D/t < 25.01, the mode of
failure is plastic collapse.
The plastic collapse is calculated from:
Pp = Yp
B C
D/ t
2.991
= (55 ,000 )
0 .0541 1206
22 .54
3 ,120 psi
32

16
Example 3
Determine the collapse rating for a 5 1/2" (J-55,

14 lb/ft) casing under axial load of 100,000 lbf
The axial tension will reduce the collapse pressure

as follows:
PCC
z =
3
= PCR 1
z

1 z

2 y
y
Tension
100,000
=
= 24820 psi
Area
2
2
5.5 5. 012
4
33
Example 3 (cont.)
The axial tension will reduce the yield stress to an

apparent value:
y, e = (55000 ) 1 0 .75
= 38 ,216 psi
24820
24820
0 .5
55000
55000
Here the axial load decreased the J-55 rating

to an apparent J-38.2 rating
34

17
Example 3 (cont.)
F
Pp = y ,e 1 F2 F3
D/t
2. 945
= (38 ,216 )
4 .557 x10 2 700 . 43
22 . 54
2,550 psi
compared to 3,117 psi with no axial stress!

35

18

PETE 7212 Well Completion Design

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PETE 7212

Well Completion Design

Why Run Casing?

Why run casing?

To prevent the hole from collapsing.

To confine production to the wellbore.

You need 14 ppg to control a lower zone, but an

Louisiana State University

Types of Casing Strings

Drive pipe or structural pile

Louisiana State University

Types of Strings of Casing

Louisiana State University

Example Hole and Casing Sizes

Example Hole and String Sizes (in)

Louisiana State University

Louisiana State University

Casing Grades and Properties

Louisiana State University

Length of Casing Joints

Louisiana State University

Casing Threads and Couplings

Louisiana State University

Typical API Design Factors

Louisiana State University

Normal Pore Pressure

Abnormal Pore Pressure

Louisiana State University

Louisiana State University

Casing Design Tension

Louisiana State University

(from external pressure)

Yield Strength Collapse

Collapse pressure is affected by axial stress

Louisiana State University

Casing Design Collapse

Louisiana State University

Casing Design Burst

Internal yield pressure for pipe

Louisiana State University

Casing Design Example Burst

Design a 7 casing string to 10,000 ft.

Louisiana State University

Calculate probable reservoir pressure.

Calculate required pipe internal yield pressure

pi = pres N i = (5,000)(1.1) = 5,500 psi

Louisiana State University

Select the appropriate casing grade and weight

Burst pressure required = 5,500 psi

7", J-55, 26 lb/ft has BURST Rating of 4,980 psi

Use N-80 casing, 23 lb/ft

Louisiana State University

The following factors are important:

The collapse pressure resistance of a pipe depends

There are different types of collapse failure

Yield strength collapse

Collapse pressure correction for axial stress

(Neglects internal pressure)

Adjusted collapse rating

Louisiana State University

Casing Design Collapse

Calculate D/t to determine the proper equation to

Yield strength collapse