Works Cited

Primary Sources
AP Photo. Ray accepts the NAACP Award from Quincy Jones. Digital image. LJWorld.com. The
World Company, 8 Mar. 2004. Web. <http://worldonline.media
.clients.ellingtoncms.com/img/photos/2004/03/08/naimage__t440.jpg?
9e2a24ba44807f8f9b96aad7c4082bf6ded075dc>.
"Singer Ray Charles, left, accepts his Hall of Fame award from presenter Quincy Jones at
the NAACP Image Awards in Universal City, Calif. " (LJWorld.com 2004). Ray and Quincy had
been friends for a long time and Ray Charles looked excited to be receiving the award from him.
Diltz, Henry. Ray Charles. Digital image. WordPress. N.p., 13 Nov. 2012. Web.
<https://jazzinphoto.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/photo-henry-diltz-ray-charles1980.jpg>.
Pictured here is Ray Charles playing the piano which he taught himself at the age of five.
Observing his facial expression, it looks as if he is very concentrated on playing.
Eagle Rock. Ray Charles - Georgia On My Mind (Live at Montreux 1997). Online Video Clip.
Youtube. Youtube, 20 June. 2008. Web. 16 Dec. 2014. <https://www.
youtube.com/watch?v=IumnmhnPJKQ>.
This video from Youtube is of Ray Charles performing Georgias state song
Georgia On My Mind. It allowed me to visualize Charles way of performing and his style.
While performing, he is very passionate and he is constantly smiling.

Morrissey, Josh. Photo: Ray Charles Performs In New York 1966. Digital image. The Strut.
N.p., 28 Apr. 2011. Web. <http://www.thestrut.com/wp-content/
uploads/2011/04/Concert-Carnegie-Hall-NY-Ray-Charles-630x411.jpg>.
This photo was taken on May, 8th, 1966 at Ray Charles Carnegie Hall concert (Life
Magazine). He is standing with open arms in front of the crowd.
"Ray Charles & Drug Addiction." BlackDoctor RSS. N.p., 23 Sept. 2013. Web. 17 Dec. 2014.
<http://blackdoctor.org/272450/ray-charles-drug-addiction/>.
I originally used this source to get more information about his death, but instead I found a
great picture of him. In it, he laughs and wraps his arms around himself. He seems very
comfortable with himself.
Ray Charles. Digital image. Berklee High School Jazz Festival. Berklee College of Music, 7 Oct.
2014. Web. <http://community.berkleejazz.org/wp-content/uploads /2014/07/RayCharles.jpg>.
In this picture, Ray Charles has a huge smile on his face and he is hugging himself, which
I have observed him doing in several other pictures and interviews. The reflection in his glasses
shows that he must have been in a photo shoot.
Ray Charles. Digital image. NNDB. Soylent Communications, n.d. Web.
<http://www.nndb.com/people/345/000023276/ray-charles-younger.jpg>.
Ray Charles is younger in this photo. He is supposed to be playing the piano, but it looks
like he is posing.
Ray Charles Hollywood Walk of Fame Star. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www. elvistkc.com/forums/uploads/1298294515/gallery_21960_119_44235.jpg>.

This is a picture taken of Ray Charles' star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He was the
1,470th star to be honored.
Ray Charles In The Best On Record (9th Grammys, 1967). Digital image. Ray Charles Video
Museum. Blogspot.com, 31 Mar. 2010. Web. <http://www.cmt.com/sitewide
/assets/img/events/2009/grammys/archive_photos/60s/73906461_10-x600.jpg>.
In this photo, Ray poses on the red carpet with Joanie Summers and another man. He had
won a Grammy that year.
"Ray Charles on the Dick Cavett Show." Interview. Eyeneer. The Dick Cavett Show, 26 Jan.
1973. Web. <http://www.eyeneer.com/video/jazz/ray-charles/interview>.
Ray Charles is interviewed on The Dick Cavett Show from January 26, 1973 in New
York City. In the interview, they discuss Ray Charles as a musician and how he writes or
performs his songs.
Ray Charles plays his saxophone. Digital image. Breath of Life. N.p., 25 Apr. 2011. Web.
<http://www.kalamu.com/bol/wp-content/content/images/ ray%20charles%2037.jpg>.
This is a picture of Ray when he was younger. He is playing his saxophone as a solo
instrument during a concert.
Ray Charles Saxophone. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://pixgood.com/ray-charlessaxophone.html>.
This is a picture of Ray Charles playing his saxophone. In many of his songs, he was
playing the saxophone in the background.

Ray Charles Statue. Digital image. Wikipedia.org. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://upload.
wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/42/RayCharlesStatue.jpg>.
This picture shows the statue of Ray Charles that is in Albany, Georgia. The statue is of
Ray performing on his piano.
Right Brain/ Left Brain. RAY CHARLES 1995 ATLANTA Unused Concert Ticket. Digital image.
Amazon. Amazon.com, n.d. Web. <http://www.amazon.com/CHARLES- ATLANTAUnused-Concert-Ticket/dp/B00J7URTWG>.
This is an unused, for-sale concert ticket for Ray Charles when he was performing at Six
Flags Southern Star Amphitheatre in Atlanta on July 1, 1995. The seller says the ticket "measures
5 1/2" x 2", is unused, and is in mint condition".
Unterberger, Richie. "Ray Charles | Biography." AllMusic. All Media Network, LLC., n.d. Web.
20 Nov. 2014. <http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ray-charles-mn0000046861 /biography>.
Richie Unterberger uses several pictures to show Mr. Ray Charles as a happy man,
despite being blind. I used this source to help understand his outlook and attitude on life.

Secondary Sources
Ardley, Neil. "Soul and Tamla Motown." Music: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. New York: Facts
on File, 1986. 118. Print.
The section "Soul and Tamla Motown" explained how soul music originated through Ray
Charles. The passage says Ray Charles used gospel music "to produce a joyful, earthy music
sung in a rasping, throaty voice with great expression and a strong rhythmic drive" (118).

Carlin, Richard. "Motown and Soul." Rock and Roll, 1955-1970. New York, NY: Facts on File,
1988. 49-61. Print.
"Motown and Soul" describes several artists from 1955-1970 who impacted the music
industry. The section about Ray Charles gives a short summary of his life and how he came into
the music industry. It also describes soul as being a mix between "the blues and the spirituals"
(50).
"Ray Charles | Biography | AllMusic." AllMusic. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ray-charles-mn0000046861/biography>.
"Ray Charles" helped teach me about the songs he released. It also informed readers who
inspired him, like Nat King Cole, and who he collaborated with, such as Betty Carter when they
covered "Baby, It's Cold Outside".
"Ray Charles Biography." Ray Charles Biography. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.swingmusic.net/Ray_Charles_Biography.html>.
"Ray Charles" was an online article that taught me that Ray Charles overcame a harsh
childhood. It taught about his brother's death, and about him becoming blind.
"Ray Charles Biography." Rolling Stone. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/ray-charles/biography>.
"Ray Charles Biography" helped me get an idea on how Ray Charles' style came to form.
It also taught of what hits he had and the year they came out.
"Ray Charles." Ray Charles. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.history-of-rock.com/ray_charles.htm>.

"Ray Charles" gave more information on his brother's death. This gave me a more
insightful approach on his personality.
"Ray Charles." Ray Charles. The Ray Charles Foundation, n.d. Web. Aug. 2014.
<http://raycharles.com/>.
This website includes good information. It told me who Ray Charles was, what he did,
and how he did it. It was basically his website. It was selling his CD's, songs, and albums. Also,
it had a lot of pictures!
"Ray Charles Robinson." Bio. A&E Television Networks, 2014. Web. Aug. 2014.
<http://www.biography.com/people/ray-charles-9245001>.
I got most of our information from this website. It told me about his life story, and how
he grew up to become a famous musician. It also told me how he changed the music industry,
which was definitely information I needed!
"Ray Charles Biography." World Biography. Advameg, Inc., n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ch-Co/Charles-Ray.html>.
"Ray Charles Biography" discussed Ray Charles' life story and included a lot of extra
information. Besides providing information on only his career and musical impact, the article
told about that and his views on Elvis. I thought it was really interesting.
Rediger, Pat. "Ray Charles." Great African Americans in Music. New York: Crabtree Pub., 1996.
4-9. Print.

The chapter "Ray Charles" described his life while growing up, developing skills, and
overcoming obstacles. It also included a "personality profile", a list of accomplishments, his
special interests, and several quotes and pictures.
Russell, Tony. "Ray Charles." The Guardian. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.theguardian.com/
news/2004/jun/12/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries>.
Tony Russell writes about Ray Charles' death. He describes his passion in his voice while
being told he couldn't enter a building due to the color of his skin. I used this source to help
understand the love many people had of Ray.
Sloate, Susan, and Meryl Henderson. Ray Charles: Young Musician. New York: Aladdin
Paperbacks, 2007. Print.
"Ray Charles: Young Musician" was basically a fictional biography about Charles' life.
Susan Sloate used fictional scenes to better describe what Ray Charles might have been through
during his lifetime.
Tirro, Frank. Charles, Ray. World Book 2015. 2013. Print.
This encyclopedia article was very short and straight to the point. It informed readers
about his life and how his music affected the world.
"The United States Turns Inward: The 1920s and 1930s." Scholastic Publishes Literacy
Resources and Children's Books for Kids of All Ages. Scholastic Inc., n.d. Web. Aug.
2014. <http://www.scholastic.com/browse/subarticle.jsp?id=1674>.
This article gave me some background on the historical context before Ray Charles. It
told me what was happening in the 1920's and the 1930's in America, generally speaking.

Williams, Marilyn, Christine Morrison, and Nancy Evans. "Charles, Ray 1930."
Encyclopedia.com. HighBeam Research, 01 Jan. 1998. Web. 27 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Ray_Charles.aspx>.
This online encyclopedia gave a long, detailed description of Ray Charles' early life,
musical career, later days, and his legacy. Not only was the website a giant biography, it included
a list of his most famous songs and national hits.