PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Predisposing Factors
Old age (62 yrs old)
Socioeconomic status

Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease

Precipitating Factors
Exposure to chemical
irritants such cigarette
smoke

Mucosal Inflammation

Alpha-antitrypsin inhibited

Elastase production

Lung elstin broken down

Mucosal Edema

Accumulation of secretions

Muscle Contraction

Hypertrophy of bronchial
mucus glands

Narrowing of bronchial lumen

Bronchial smooth muscle

cell hyperactivity

bronchospasm

Combivent
1neb

Obstruction of airflow
Non-productive cough with
whitish and yellowish
expectorant
Decreased tactile fremitus

RR= 24 cpm
Nasal flaring and use of accessory
muscle

Decrease ventilation

ABG

PO2: 104mmHg
(NV: 80-100mmHg)

O2 sat-98%
(NV: 95-100%)

impaired gas exchange

Hypoxemia

Low flow oxygen

therapy (2L/min) via
nasal cannula