Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GSM Network Capacity Planning: Trunking
GSM Network Capacity Planning: Trunking
Trunking
Traffic Theory
-- Traffic Intensity
-- Grade of Service
Traffic Channels Dimensioning
SDCCH Channels Dimensioning
Company Confiden
15/7/05
Trunking
LOCAL
SWITCH
GATEWAY
SWITCH
Company Confiden
15/7/05
Traffic Theory
Terminologies
Traffic Intensity
Busy Hour
Set-up Time
Holding Time
Blocked Call
Company Confiden
15/7/05
Traffic Theory
Traffic Intensity
Au = uH
Au : Traffic in Erlang generated by each user
H : Average duration of call / 60 (per hour basis)
u : Average no of calls per hour
A = UAu
A : Total traffic offered by the system
U : Total number of users
Company Confiden
15/7/05
Traffic Theory
Traffic Intensity ... Contd.
In GSM, we have two types of Traffic Intensities
TCH Traffic Intensity = Avg no of calls x Avg duration of call
Average duration of call = 120 secs
Average number of calls = 0.75 -- 1.5 ( range )
Traffic generated on TCH will range between 0.025 -- 0.05 erlang
Company Confiden
15/7/05
Traffic Theory
Traffic Intensity ... contd
and ...
SDCCH Traffic Intensity = Avg no of SDCCH usages x Avg usage time
Company Confiden
15/7/05
Traffic Theory
Busy Hour
15/7/05
Traffic Theory
Request Rate ( BHCA )
Company Confiden
15/7/05
Traffic Theory
Set up Time
15/7/05
Traffic Theory
Blocked Call
A call request rejected due to unavailability of resource.
Indication of Congestion
15/7/05
10
Traffic Theory
Grade of Service
Percentage requests blocked in an hour
15/7/05
11
No. of
channels C
= 5%
2
7
.153
2.50
.190
2.74
.223
2.94
.381
3.74
3.13
3.40
3.63
4.54
14
7.35
7.82
8.20
9.73
15
8.11
8.61
9.01
10.6
16
8.88
9.41
9.83
11.5
22
13.7
14.3
14.9
17.1
30
20.3
21.2
21.9
24.8
37
26.4
27.4
29.6
31.6
Company Confiden
15/7/05
12
There are two types of trunked systems which are commonly used.
The first type offers no queuing for call requests.That is, for every
user who request service, it is assumed there is no setup time and the
user is given immediate access to a channel if one is available.
If no channels are available, the requesting user is blocked without
access and is free to try again later.
This type of trunking is called blocked calls cleared.
It is assumed that there are infinite number of users and there are
memory less arrivals of requests, there are finite number of channels
available.The capacity of a radio adopting this concept is tabulated for
various values of GOS.
Company Confiden
15/7/05
13
All free channels are fully available for servicing calls until all
channels are occupied.
Company Confiden
15/7/05
14
Company Confiden
15/7/05
15
15/7/05
16
Income
Service cost
Company Confiden
15/7/05
17
1L
1L
1L
2L
2L
1L
4L
2L
1L
4L streets = 1.1 Km
2L streets = 2.1 km
1L streets = 6.4 km
Avg Spacing between
vehicles = 10m
Total vehicles in 100%
street congestion case
= 1500
For 50% penetration
= 750 users
15/7/05
18
Company Confiden
15/7/05
19
Cell Configuration
1L
1L
1L
2L
2L
1L
4L
2L
1L
Company Confiden
15/7/05
20
CONNECTIVITY PLANNING
Company Confiden
15/7/05
21
WHAT TO CONNECT ?
MSC -----
PSTN
MSC -----
BSC
MSC -----
TRANSCODER *
BSC -----
TRANSCODER *
BSC -----
BTS
Company Confiden
15/7/05
22
BSC
BTS
Abis
S
A
0 1 2 3
16 Kbps
0 1 2 3
16 Kbps
13 Kbps
64 Kbps
0
1 A
2
3
MSC
Company Confiden
15/7/05
23
Air Interface
BTS
13 Kbps
8 PCHN on 1 ARFCN
Company Confiden
15/7/05
24
Abis Interface
E1 / T1
Company Confiden
15/7/05
25
Abis is the PCM interface between the BSC and MSC. Physically
this is a G.703 interface and could be E1 or T1. in all our further
discussions we will consider E1.
Abis carrier the traffic and signaling information for all the
transceivers inside the BTS. It also carries O&M information
between the BSC and BTS, like the control commands coming from
the BSC and traffic reports originated by the BTS.
Abis used the HDLC protocol for signaling which is LAPD ( Link
Access Protocol on D channel ).
LAPD has several modes of operation. What modes means is how the
signaling circuits are distributed over the E1 interface, whether each
TRX has separate signaling circuits or several TRX signaling
information is concentrated or multiplexed on limited signaling
circuits.
Company Confiden
15/7/05
26
Abis Interface
LAPD Modes
LAPD
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sync
TRX Signaling
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
TRX Signaling
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
TRX Signaling
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
Company Confiden
} 1 TRX
} 1 TRX
15/7/05
} 1 TRX
27
The first LAPD mode illustrated above is the LAPD basic mode. In
this mode each TRX has a separate signaling circuit of 64 Kbps.
Each signaling circuit has two immediate 64 Kbps Traffic circuits.
GSM used 13 kbps of speech rate on the air interface, to which
some TRAU information is added and it becomes 16 Kbps.
Four such 16 kbps traffic channels are mapped on one 64 Kbps
circuit. Each TRX has 8 traffic channels. So for each Transceiver,
two 64 kbps circuits are required, one for Traffic and one for
Signaling.
With this mode, 10 Transceivers can be accommodated on one E1.
Company Confiden
15/7/05
28
Abis Interface
LAPD Modes
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64kbps
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Sync
4 x TRX Signaling
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
4 x TRX Signaling
Company Confiden
} 1 TRX
} 1 TRX
} 1 TRX
} 1 TRX
15/7/05
29
Company Confiden
15/7/05
30
Abis Interface
LAPD Modes
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Sync
ALL TRX Signaling
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
Company Confiden
} 1 TRX
} 1 TRX
} 1 TRX
} 1 TRX
15/7/05
31
Company Confiden
15/7/05
32
Abis Interface
LAPD Modes
LAPD Multiplexed
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
64 kbps
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Sync
TRX Signaling/ 3 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
TRX Signaling/ 3 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
TRX Signaling/ 3 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
TRX Signaling/ 3 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
TRX Signaling/ 3 Traffic Channels
4 Traffic Channels
Company Confiden
15/7/05
} 1 TRX
} 1 TRX
} 1 TRX
} 1 TRX
} 1 TRX
33
Company Confiden
15/7/05
34
Company Confiden
15/7/05
35
15 speech ch
C1
BSC
C3
C2
15 speech ch
15 speech ch
Company Confiden
15/7/05
36
Company Confiden
15/7/05
37
Exercise !!!
Company Confiden
15/7/05
38
BSC Capacity
Maximum BTS's
Company Confiden
15/7/05
39
BSC Capacity
Maximum BTS's
Company Confiden
15/7/05
40
BSC Capacity
BTS configuration
Star Configuration
BTS
BTS
BTS
BSC
BTS
BTS
Company Confiden
15/7/05
41
BSC Capacity
BTS configuration
Chain Configuration
BSC
26 x 64 kbps
ch
1 x E1
BTS
Company Confiden
13 x 64 kbps
ch
1 x E1
15/7/05
BTS
42
BSC Capacity
BTS configuration
Loop configuration
BTS
A
B
B
BSC
B
A
BTS
B
Company Confiden
15/7/05
43
Exercise !
Each BTS needs 13 x 64 kbps circuits
BTS
BTS
BTS
L
N
BTS
BTS
M
O
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
15/7/05
44
BSC Capacity
Capacity on "A" Interface
Capacity on A interface depends on Traffic of BSC at targeted GOS.
Traffic of BSC = No of Subscribers under BSC x Traffic per Subscriber
From calculated traffic, using Erlang B table calculate the
number of circuits required.
For Local Transcoding
Company Confiden
15/7/05
45
BSC Capacity
Signalling Circuit Capacity on A interface
Signaling circuits
SS7 "A" Link : Used for MSC - BSC signaling
OML : For OMC
TBL : Transcoder BSC Link
Capacity for SS7 link
Company Confiden
15/7/05
46
MSC
TRANS
CODER
BSC
Company Confiden
15/7/05
47
15/7/05
48
MSC Capacity
MSC Capacity = No of Subscribers x Traffic per subscriber
Long term calculation is based on Population Penetration
Company Confiden
15/7/05
49
---------
Company Confiden
15/7/05
50