ENGM031/Spring 2009/5pp (1 handout)

UNIVERSITY OF SURREY
Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences
Postgraduate Programmes in Civil Engineering
Level MSc Examination

Module ENGM031; 15 Credits

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN
Time allowed: Three hours

Spring 2009

Answer 3 questions ONLY

All questions carry equal marks unless otherwise stated; where appropriate the mark carried
by an individual part of a question is indicated in brackets [].
Additional materials:
Data Sheets (26 Pages)
Candidates may use Casio FX115MS, FX115W or FX115S calculators or any other model
with lower functionality (i.e. non-programmable, no alphanumeric memory and no
communication devices).

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ENGM031/Spring 2009/5pp

1.

A simply supported foot bridge having an effective span of 25 m consists of a pretensioned U beam, shown in Figure 1, with a top slab of 2500mm wide and 150mm
deep. For design purposes, it is designated as a category 1 (class 1) member.
Some additional details are given below.

Assume 10% immediate losses and another 15% losses in the long term.
C40/50 concrete consisting of CEM 42,5R is used for both the beam and slab.
Prestressing will be carried out 10-days after casting the concrete.
Density of concrete is 25kN/m3.
Live Load on the bridge is 5kN/m2.
For simplicity, ignore the differential shrinkage and creep effects between the
top slab and U beam, i.e. full box- section must be considered for both the
transfer and service stages.
Assume suitable values for parameters not provided here.
1180 mm

800 mm

U- Beam Properties:
Cross-sectional area = 490130 mm2
Second moment of area = 29,4 x 109 mm4

Centroidal axis for U beam alone

351,9 mm

970 mm

Figure 1: U beam details for the bridge in Question 1

(a)

Draw Magnels diagram for the mid span of the bridge and use this to estimate
the no. of strands, and their location (i.e. eccentricity), to satisfy stresses at the
serviceability limit state.
[12]

(b)

Assume a straight tendon profile along the length of the member, i.e. the
eccentricity of strands is the same at the support and mid span. Also assume
that 40 - 13mm diameter super strands are placed in two layers in the soffit at
75mm and 125mm, respectively, from the base of section. Establish the destressing arrangement (i.e. no. of strands requiring de-stressing) over the
supports to satisfy the stresses at the serviceability limit state.
[4]

(c)

What are various methods of prestressing?

limitations of each method.

Discuss the advantages and

[4]

ENGM031/Spring 2009/5pp
2.

(a)

The section of a simply supported prestressed concrete box girder footbridge

is shown in Figure 2. The maximum ULS shear on the deck section is
3250 KN, the co-existent ULS torsion is 2500 kNm and the co-existent ULS
moment is 8,000 kNm (sagging). Determine the maximum shear plus torsional
stress in the webs and compare with the maximum shear and torsion stress
allowed in accordance with BS5400 part 4.
[6]
4000mm

200mm

Tendons in
75mm dia ducts

2200mm

200mm
150mm

200mm
300mm

2500mm

Figure 2: Cross-sectional details for Question 2

Area of deck
= 3.0m2
I
= 2.1m4
N-A
= 1.3m above soffit
fcp = 3.0 N/mm2 unfactored
fpt = 8.0 N/mm2 unfactored
fcu = 50 N/mm2
Concrete cover = 40mm
Reinforcement, fy = 460 N/mm2

(b)

For the situation in a) above, determine the area of reinforcement required in

the webs to provide sufficient capacity to resist both the shear and torsion.
[9]

(c)

Precast concrete segmental box girder construction with match-cast joints has
become a very popular choice for longer bridge decks. Describe the technique
of match-cast joints and how they are achieved on site. Compare the
difference between match-cast joints and in-situ concrete joints for precast
segmental construction.
[5]

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ENGM031/Spring 2009/5pp
3.

(a)

Calculate the required reinforcement for the prestressed anchorage blister

shown in Fig. 3.
[16]

300mm

250mm
300mm

300 x 300mm
anchor plates

Angle = 14
5m radius

250mm
300mm
250mm
6000mm

Elevation on blister

Figure 3: Cross Section showing blisters for Question 3

Tendon stressing force = 3000 kN
Assume tendons alignment in plan is straight, parallel to the webs.
(b)

Produce a sketch showing the reinforcement arrangement for the blister.

[4]

ENGM031/Spring 2009/5pp
4.

A three span continuous prestressed concrete beam consists of two tendons as shown
in Figure 4. The straight tendon has an effective prestressing force ( Pi ) of 1000 kN,
whereas the draped tendon has an effective prestressing force of 2500 kN.

(a)

Calculate and sketch out the equivalent loading on the beam due to
prestressing only. Also draw the primary bending moment diagram due to the
prestressing.
[5]

(b)

If the secondary moments (Msec) at the intermediate supports are 1300 kN-m,
show a plot of the effective tendon profile in relation to the actual tendon
profile.
[4]

(c)

The moment due to the applied loads at midspan of the 30m span is 1583 kNm, and at intermediate supports it is -2354 kN-m. Calculate and draw the
stress profiles at these sections for the serviceability limit state and comment
on the results.
[6]

(d)

Sketch a typical force profile along the span showing various types of losses in
a prestressed concrete member. Discuss, with the aid of the sketch, how you
would calculate the tendon elongation during stressing operation and which of
the losses you would consider for this purpose.
[5]

8.8m

200 mm
640 mm

1.2m 1.2m

13.8m
3

3
1

300 mm

300 mm

300 mm
4

rp2 =73.3 m

rp3 =10.3 m

500
700

30 m

20 m

rp1 =100.3 m

590 mm

Centroidal axis

300 mm

20 m

rp4 =116.2 m

Area of section = 0,7 m2

Second moment of area = I = 0,094 m4

Figure 4: Longitudinal and cross section of the beam for Question 4

Internal Examiner:
External Examiner:

Dr. M I Rafiq
N Hewson
Prof J G A Croll