LI GII MT S BI TP

TON CAO CP 2

Li gii mt s bi tp trong ti liu ny dng tham kho. C mt s bi tp do mt s

sinh vin gii. Khi hc, sinh vin cn la chn nhng phng php ph hp v n gin
hn. Chc anh ch em sinh vin hc tp tt

BI TP GII V BIN LUN THEO THAM S

Bi 1:Gii v bin lun:
3x1 2 x2 5 x3 4 x4 3
2 x 3 x 6 x 8 x 5
1
2
3
4

x1 6 x2 9 x3 20 x4 11
4 x1 x2 4 x3 x4 2

Gii:

4
3
3 2 5
1 6 9 20 11
2 3 6

8
5 h1 h 3 2 3 6
8
5

A
B

1 6 9 20 11
3 2 5
4
3

2
4 1 4
4 1 4
1
0
h1( 2) h 2
h1( 3) h 3

h1( 4) h 4
0

6 9
15 24
20 32

20
48
64

11
1 6 9 20 11

1
27 h 2 3 0 5 8
16
9

36 h 3 14 0 5 8
16
9

25 40 80 46
0 25 40 80 46

1 6 9 20 11
1 6 9 20 11
0 5 8 16

9 h 3 h 4 0 5 8 16
9
h 2( 1) h 3

h 2( 5) h 4
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0

1
0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
x1 6 x2 9 x3 20 x4 11

(1)
5 x2 8 x3 16 x4 9 (2)

x4 1

1 3 t 4

x1 5

x 1 9 8t 16
1) Khi 0 : (2) 2
5

t R
x3 t

x 1
4
1x1 6 x2 9 x3 20 x4 11

2) Khi 0 : (3) 15 x2 24 x3 48 x4 27
: hevonghie
m
0 1

Bi 2:
Cho h phng trnh:
2 x1 x2 3x3 4 x4 5
4 x 2 x 5 x 6 x 7
1
2
3
4

6 x1 3 x2 7 x3 8 x4 9
mx1 4 x2 9 x3 10 x4 11

a) Tm m vi h phng trnh c nghim

b) Gii h phng trnh khi m = 10
Gii:
a) Ta c:
2

4
A B 6

1 3
2 5

4 5
1 4

6 7 c1c 4 c1 2 6

3 8
3 7 8 9

4 9 10 11
4 10

2 5

4 7
7 6 9

9 m 11
3
5

1 4 3
4 5
1 4 3
4 5

h1( 2) h 2
0 2 1
0 3 h 2( 2) h3 0 2 1
0 3
h1( 3) h 3

h1( 4) h 4
0 4 2
0 6 h 2( 3) h 4 0 0 0
0 0

0 6 3 m 8 9
0 0 0 m 8 0
1 4 3
4 5

0 2 1
0 3
h 3 h 4

0 0 0 m8 0

0 0
0 0 0

Ta thy: m R : r A B r A 4 . Suy ra h c nghim vi mi gi tr cu m

b) Gii h khi m = 10:
Bin i s cp trn hng ta c:

3 4 5
4
5
2 1 3

5 6 7
0 1 6 10 14
...
0 0 2 4 6
7 8 9

9 10 11
0
0
0 0 0
x1 0
2 x1 x2 3x3 4 x4 5

x 4 2t
(1) x2 6 x3 10 x4 14 2
t R
2 x 4 x 6
x3 3 2t
3
4

x4 t

2
4
A
/
B

10

1
2
3
4

Bi 3
Gii v bin lun h phng trnh sau theo tham s :
1 x1 x2 x3 1

x1 1 x2 x3

2
x1 x2 1 x3

Gii:
Ta c
1 1
1
D 1
1 1
1
1
1
1 1
h1( 1) h 2
h1( 1) h 3

1
Dx1

h 3 h 2 h1

3 3 3
1 1
1
1
1
1 3 1 1 1
1
1
1
1 1
1

0 3 2
0 0

3 0
1

1 1
1
1

h1( ) h 2
h1( 2 ) h 3

0 1 2

2 1

1
1 2

1
2 1

2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 2

 1 1
Dx2 1

1
2
h1( 1) h 2
h1( ( 1)) h 3

1
1
1

1
1
1

1 2

c1 c 3

1
1
1

1
1
1
1

0
1

1 2
1 2 2
2
2
0 1 2

1 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 2 3 2
2 2 2 1

1 1
1
Dx3 1
1
1
1
2
h1( ( 1)) h 2
h1( 1) h 3

1
1
1
1

c1 c 2

1
1
1
2 2
2
0 2
1 1

2 1

1
2 1

2
1
1
2 1

2 2 1 1 3 2 2 1

Ta thy:
3
Khi h c nghim duy nht:
0

(1) D 3 2 0

Dx1 2
2 2
x1

D 3 2 3

Dx2 2 1
2 1

x2
2
D
3 3

Dx
3 2 2 1
x3 3
D
3

(2) Nu 3 th Dx 3(2 9) 21 0 : H v nghim

1

(3) Nu 0 th h tr thnh:

 x1 x2 x3 1

x1 x2 x3 0
x x x 0
1 2 3

H v nghim

Bi 4
Gii v bin lun h phng trnh sau theo tham s :
5 x1 3 x2 2 x3 4 x4 3
4 x 2 x 3 x 7 x 1
1
2
3
4

8 x1 6 x2 x3 5 x4 9
7 x1 3 x2 7 x3 17 x4

Gii
5
4
A B 8

3 2 4 3
1

2 3 7 1 h 2( 1) h1 4

2) h 3
0
6 1 5 9 hh 2(
2( 1) h 4

3 7 17
3

1 1 3
2 3
7
2 7 19

2
1
7

1 4 10 1
2
1 1 1 3
1 1 1 3 2
0 2 7 19

0 2 7 19 7
7
h1( 4) h 2
h 2 h3

h1( 3) h 4
h 2( 1) h 4
0 2 7 19

7
0 0 0 0 0

0 2 7 19 7
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 3 2
0 2 7 19 7
h 4h3

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

H phng trnh tng ng vi h:

x3 3x4 2
x1 x2

2 x2 7 x3 19 x4 7

Ta thy:
(1) Khi 0 th h v nghim
(2) Khi 0 th h tr thnh:
(1)
x1 x2 x3 3 x4 2

2 x2 7 x3 19 x4 7 (2)

7
19
(2) : x2 x3 x4 7
2
2
7
19
5
13
(1) x1 x3 x4 7 x3 3 x4 2 x1 x3 x4 5
2
2
2
2

Vy nghim ca h khi l:
5
13

x1 2 x3 2 x4 5

7
19

x2 x3 x4 7
2
2

y y
x3 , x4 tu

Bi 5
Gii v bin lun h phng trnh sau theo tham s
3x1 2 x2 5 x3 4 x4 3
2 x 3 x 6 x 8 x 5
1
2
3
4

x1 6 x2 9 x3 20 x4 11
4 x1 x2 4 x3 x4 2

Gii
Ta c:
3 2 5
4

2 3 6
8
A B 1 6 9 20

4 1
1

h1( 2) h 2
h1( 3) h 3
0

h1( 4) h 4
0

3
1 6 9 20 11

5 h 3 h1 2 3 6
8 5

3 2 5
11
4 3

2
4
2
4 1

6 9
15 24

20 11
1 6 9 20 11
h 3 1 h 2

48 27
0 5 8
16
9

4

0 15 24
20 32
64 36
48 27

25 40 80 46
0 25 40 80 46

1 6 9 20 11
1 6 9 20 11

0 5 8 16 9 h3 h 4 0 5 8 16 9
h 2( 3) h 3

h 2( 5) h 4
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
1

1
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0

Khi :
(1) Nu 0 th r A B r A 3 4 : h c v s nghim (tm nghim nh bi trn)
(2) Nu 0 th :
r A B 3
r A B r A : h v nghim
r A 2

Bai 6
Gii v bin lun h phng trnh sau theo tham s
1 x1 x2 x3 2 3

3
2
x1 1 x2 x3 3

4
3
x1 x2 1 x3 3

Gii
Ta c:
1 1
1
D 1
1 1
1
1
1
1 1
3 0

h1( 1) h 2
h1( 1) h 3

3 3 3
1
1
1
1
1
1 3 1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

h 3 h 2 h1

1
0 3 2

0 0

2 3
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
2
2
Dx1 3 1
1 3 1
1 3
4
3
3
3
1
1 3
1
1
2
h1( ) h 2
2

h1( ) h 3

1
3 0

1
1

0 1 2

1
1

3 1

2 1

1
1 2

1
1

1
1

1
2 1

3 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 3
3 3 2 2 3 2 2

1 2 3
1
1 3
1
1 1
1
3
2
2
Dx2 1
3
1 1
3
1 3 1

1
1
4 3 3 1
1
3 3 1
1
2 1
1
c1 c 3

3 1

3 1

1 2

1
1
1

1
3 0
1

2
0 1 2 2
1

h1( 1) h 2
h1( ( 1)) h 3

1 2 2
2

3 1 2 2 2 1
3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2
3 2 2 2 3 2 1

 1 1
2 3
1 1
3
1 1
1
3
2
2
Dx3 1
1 3 1
1 3 3 1
1
1
1
4 3 3
1
1
3 3
1
1
2
c1 c 2

1
1 1
3 1 1

1
1
2

2 2
3 1

h1( ( 1)) h 2
h1( 1) h 3

1
1
1
3 0 2 2
1
0

2 1

2
1
1
2 3
2
1
2 1
1

2 3 2 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 1

Ta thy:
0
D 0 . Suy ra h c nghim duy nht:
3

(1) Khi:

2
2

Dx1 3 2
x1

2 2
2
D
3

2
Dx2 3 2 1

2 1
x2
D
3 2

2
3
2
x Dx3 3 2 1 3 2 2 1
3
D
3 2

0
(2) Khi
D 0 v Dx Dx Dx 0 suy ra h c v s nghim
3
1