FQ

HP
1. How to design selection-screen?
Ans. Selection-screen begin of block b with frame.
Parameters: p_all RADIOBUTTON GROUP G,
P_in RADIOBUTTON GROUP G,
P_de RADIOBUTTON GROUP G.
Selection-screen end of block b.
2. Call transaction syntax in bdc?
Ans. Call transaction <tcode> using BDCDATA UPDATE

A/S(A=ASYNCHORONOUS ,S=SYNCHORONOUS) MODE A/N/E(ALL DISPLAY,NO

DISPLAY,ERROR DISPLAY)
MESSAGE INTO BDCMSGCOLL(STRUCTURE FOR MESSAGES)

Ans 2. Call transaction 'XK01' using it_bdcdata mode 'E'.

3. Difference b/w read and select statement?
Ans. Select single: for this stmt u have specify all primary keys. It is
used to get data from database table.
Read: it is used in internal table to get a particular data.

4. Which transaction youre using in bdc?

Call transaction or batch input method
5. Difference b/w internal table and work area?
Internal table: it is used to hold the multiple records and it is a
temporary storage location in application server.
i.e. The data inside
an internal table was not saved anywhere in SAP. Internal tables are
dynamic memory storage locations and hence need not to provide the
size.
The scope of an internal table is inside a program only.
Syn: DATA <int tab> LIKE TABLE OF <DB table>.
WORKAREA: It is used to hold once record at a time and also it is used
to increase performance of the data processing.
Syn: DATA <WA> like line of <int tab>

Q. how to edit text in script? And how to migrate scripts into smart
forms?
First Go to smart forms T-Code
Goto utilities->Migrate form
There Give the name of the Script that has to be migrated
Ans 2.
Here are two way through which you can convert sapscript into smartforms.
1. This is basically a function module, called FB_MIGRATE_FORM.
You can start this function module by hand (via SE37), or create a small
ABAP which migrates all SAPscript forms automatically.
2. You can also do this one-by-one in transaction SMARTFORMS, under
Utilities -> Migrate SAPscript form.
You could also write a small batch program calling transaction SMARTFORMS
and running the migration tool.
Note: While converting sapscript into smartforms, only layout has passed.
But you have do all logic coding in your smartforms.
6. What are indexes?
Ans. The primary index contains the key fields of the table and a
pointer to the non-key fields of the table. The primary index is created
automatically
when
the
table
is
created
in
the
database.
You can also create further indexes on a table. These are called
secondary indexes. upto 9 secondary indexes can be created.This is
necessary if the table is frequently accessed in a way that does not take
advantage of the sorting of the primary index for the access.
7. What are pooled and cluster table?
Ans. pooled tables:
-- These r small tables having 100 records in each of them! But,
these tables were used for storing the system data!
-- In these tables there will be no keys! These tables r having many
- to - one relationship!
-- These tables r having different names which doesnt match with
database tables.
Cluster tables:
--These are very large tables so many records in each of them! But,
these tables were used for storing the system data!
--In these tables at least one primary key will be present to find the
record! These tables r having many - to - one relationship!

--These tables were used by basis people to calculate the system

performance!

8. Difference between select single and select upto 1 row in sap

abap?
Ans. According to SAP Performance course the SELECT UP TO 1 ROWS is
faster than SELECT SINGLE because you are not using all the primary key
fields.
Select single is a construct designed to read database records
with primary key. In the absence of the primary key, it might end up doing a
sequential search.
Whereas the select up to 1 row may assume that there is no primary key
supplied and will try to find most suitable index.
The best way to find out is through Sql trace or runtime analysis.
Use "select up to 1 rows" only if you are sure that all the records returned will
have the same value for the field(s) you are interested in. If not, you will be
reading only the first record which matches the criteria, but may be the
second or the third record has the value you are looking for.
The System test result showed that the variant Single * takes less time than
Up to 1 rows as there is an additional level for COUNT STOP KEY for SELECT
ENDSELECT UP TO 1 ROWS.
The 'SELECT SINGLE' statement selects the first row in the database that it
finds that fulfils the 'WHERE' clause. If this results in multiple records then
only the first one will be returned and therefore may not be unique.
Mainly: to read data from the 'SELECT .... UP TO 1 ROWS' statement is subtly
different. The database selects all of the relevant records that are defined by
the WHERE clause, applies any aggregate, ordering or grouping functions to
them and then returns the first record of the result set.
ex code
Difference Between select single * and select upto n rows,
Select Single *
1. It will fetch only one
record from the data base in
which it satisfies the where
condition.
2. It has high performance
compare to select upto n rows.
3. Syntax: select single * from

Select upto n rows

1. It will fetch all the records with which the
where condition satisfies and displays the
first record among the selected records.
2. Lower in performance, because this
statement will look all the related key field
values in a given table.
3. Syntax: select * from lfa1 upto 1 rows into

lfa1 into table l_wa_lfa1.

table l_t_lfa1..

9. bapi and badi?

Ans. BAPI - These are published programs which is used to upload data into
SAP system.
BAPI is Business Application Programming Interface and has the role as
communication platform for developing applications, e.g. booking material
documents from flat files, see more in trx BAPI.
BAPI - Business Application - commonly a function module that is normally
RFC enabled as well and acts as a method of a business object. For example,
Sales Order as the business object with a method of create - the BAPI is
BAPI_SALESORDER_CREATEFROMDAT2.
BAdI is Business Add-In, and it should take the place from the user- exits
(trx: SE18, SE19)
BADI - This is a program enhancement technique. SAP provides BADI
openings in the standard programs. You need to search for the suitable BADI
as your requirement and then do the coding and plug in the program.
A BADI is a Business Add-in - one of SAP's methods of implementing a userexit or change to standard SAP code. BADI's are ABAP object based changes
instead of the more common subroutines/function modules.
To implement BADI,
Follow the below steps to find out what all BADI's are called when you press
any button in any transaction.
1) Goto se24 (Display class cl_exithandler)
2) Double click on the method GET_INSTANCE.
3) Put a break point at Line no.25 (CASE sy-subrc).
Now
4) Execute SAP standard transaction
5) Press the required button for which you need to write an exit logic, the
execution will stop at the break point.

6) Check the values of variable 'exit_name', it will give you the BADI name
called at that time.
7) This way you will find all the BADIs called on click of any button in any
transaction. .

performance tuning ?
Please find below the ABAP Code Performance tuning tips.
1. Run Extended syntax checks with character literals checkbox switched on
& Code Inspector to rectify all relevant errors and warning (e.g. Use the
results of the above checks to remove all variables/constants etc that are
declared but are not used)
2. Internal Table is defined with TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF & Work-Areas is
used instead of header lines
3. In SELECT statement, only the required fields are selected in the same
order as they reside on the database table/structure/view
4. "SELECT *" should not be used in any case.
5. Usage of JOIN is limited to a maximum of 2 i.e. not more than 3 database
tables are joined at one time
6. CHECK that the internal table used in FOR ALL ENTRIES is NOT empty as
this will retrieve all entries from the table
7. SORT inside LOOP is not advisable and should not be used.
8. Sort

internal table by fields in the correct order, which are used in a READ
TABLE statement using BINARY SEARCH. If the order of sorting is invalid the
BINARY SEARCH will never work.
9. Transaction SE30 (ABAP Runtime Analysis) must be checked to
measure/compare program performance/runtime if program has multiple
inefficient databases selects or complicated internal table operations
10. Use transaction ST05 (SQL Trace) to see what indices your database
accesses are using. Check these indices against your where clause to
assure they are significant. Check other indices for this table and where you

have to change your where clause to use it. Create new indices if
necessary, but do not forget to check the impact by consulting onsite
coordinator.

10. BAPI Extension?

Ans.
Hi
It's the same but the structure are different of course.
Here you can find the structures BAPI_TE_<TABLE NAME> and
BAPI_TE_<TABLE NAME>X.
For example for Z-field in MARA:
BAPI_TE_MARA and BAPI_TE_MARAX.
So if you add new field in MARA and you want to transfer its value by this
BAPI, you have to add it in the BAPI structures too.
So you should have:
- MARA-ZFIELD
- BAPI_TE_MARA-ZFIELD
- BAPI_TE_MARAX-ZFIELD.
But while BAPI_TE_MARA-ZFIELD is like MARA-ZFIELD, BAPI_TE_MARAX-ZFIELD
has to be a flag (so long only one char).
So if you've to transfer the new fields by BAPI you've to fill the extensions
structure in this way:
TABLES: BAPI_TE_MARA, BAPI_TE_MVKE, ......
DATA: EXTENSIONIN LIKE TABLE OF BAPIPAREX.
DATA: EXTENSIONINX LIKE TABLE OF BAPIPAREXX

New fields of MARA

BAPI_TE_MARA-ZFIELD1 = .....
BAPI_TE_MARA-ZFIELD2 = .....
BAPI_TE_MARA-ZFIELD3 = .....
............................
BAPIPAREX-STRUCTURE = 'BAPI_TE_MARA'.

BAPIPAREX+30

= BAPI_TE_MARA.

APPEND BAPIPAREX TO EXTENSIONIN.

BAPI_TE_MARAX-ZFIELD1 = 'X'.
BAPI_TE_MARAX-ZFIELD2 = 'X'.
BAPI_TE_MARAX-ZFIELD3 = 'X'.
............................
BAPIPAREXX-STRUCTURE = 'BAPI_TE_MARAX'.
BAPIPAREXX+30
= BAPI_TE_MARAX.
APPEND BAPIPAREXX TO EXTENSIONINX.

New fields of MVKE

BAPI_TE_MVKE-ZFIELD1 = .....
BAPI_TE_MVKE-ZFIELD2 = .....
BAPI_TE_MVKE-ZFIELD3 = .....
............................
BAPIPAREX-STRUCTURE = 'BAPI_TE_MVKE'.
BAPIPAREX+30
= BAPI_TE_MVKE.
APPEND BAPIPAREX TO EXTENSIONIN.
BAPI_TE_MVKEX-ZFIELD1 = 'X'.
BAPI_TE_MVKEX-ZFIELD2 = 'X'.
BAPI_TE_MVKEX-ZFIELD3 = 'X'.
............................
BAPIPAREXX-STRUCTURE = 'BAPI_TE_MVKEX'.
BAPIPAREXX+30
= BAPI_TE_MVKEX.
APPEND BAPIPAREXX TO EXTENSIONINX.
and so... (for all material tables you've enhnced)
CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_MATERIAL_SAVEDATA'
..............
TABLES
..............
EXTENSIONIN
= EXTENSIONIN
EXTENSIONINX = EXTENSIONINX.

When this BAPI works, it runs a piece of code like this to transfer the data
from extension structure to database table:

LOOP AT EXTENSIONIN.
CASE EXTENSIONIN-STRUCTURE.
WHEN 'BAPI_TE_MARA'.
MOVE EXTENSIONIN+30 TO BAPI_TE_MARA.
WHEN 'BAPI_TE_MVKE'.
MOVE EXTENSIONIN+30 TO BAPI_TE_MVKE.
WHEN ........
....................................
ENDCASE.
ENDLOOP.
LOOP AT EXTENSIONINX.
CASE EXTENSIONIN-STRUCTURE.
WHEN 'BAPI_TE_MARAX'.
MOVE EXTENSIONIN+30 TO BAPI_TE_MARAX.
WHEN 'BAPI_TE_MVKEX'.
MOVE EXTENSIONIN+30 TO BAPI_TE_MVKEX.
WHEN ........
....................................
ENDCASE.
ENDLOOP.
After check the field where the flag is setted and move the value to database
(i.e. MARA, MVKE ,.....)
Max.
12. Debug scripts?
Ans. One way to start the script debugger is:
Se71->utilities->activate debugger.
This may be a time-consuming process. Instead, open a session and execute
the program RSTXDBUG. Even if you follow the above menu path to activate
the script, it will internally execute the program RSTXDBUG. So you are
saving some time in going through all of the above processes.
Another advantage of using this program: when a developer works in the
support environment and the client requests to makes some changes to a
form, but doesn't know which form, he can just show the form output and
request for changes.
Example: Transaction Code HRBEN0001. This contains a confirmation form,
benefits form and others.

In this scenario, just open the other session and run the program RSTXDBUG
program, click a push button on the transaction code and if a form is
associated with that button it is automatically opened in debug mode. Once
the form is in debug mode you can find the form name then open one more
session and make the changes to the form while debugging it.
13. Different types of windows in SMARTFORMS?
Main window:
In a main window you display text and data, which can cover several
pages (flow text). As soon as a main window is completely filled with text and
data, the system continues displaying the text in the main window of the
next page. It automatically triggers the page break.
Secondary Window:
In a secondary window you display text and data in a
predetermined output area. There is no flow text display with page break.
If you position a secondary window with the same name on several pages,
the system displays the contents of this secondary window on each page.
Copy window:
You use the copies window to define an output area for the print output,
whose content you want to appear either only on the copy or only on the
original. This allows you to flag copies as copies when the form is printed.
Final window:
You may want to display or query values on the first page that are
determined only during processing. For example, you may want to name the
grand total in the letter text of
an invoice. However, this amount is determined only after listing all
individual items. Or you may want to query on the first page within a
condition the total number of pages, which the system calculates only after
processing all pages.
In such a case, you use the final window: Processing first skips all windows of
this type in the tree and works its way to the end of the tree. Only after the
actual processing is finished, the final windows are processed in the order in
which they appear in the tree (from top to
Bottom). Now any information is available that is known only at the end of
the form processing.
14. What is function module?
Ans. Function modules are procedures that are defined in function groups
(special ABAP programs with type F) and can be called from any ABAP
program. Function groups act as containers for function modules that
logically belong together. You create function groups and function modules in
the ABAP Workbench using the Function Builder.

Function modules allow you to encapsulate and reuse global functions in

the R/3 System. They are stored in a central library. The R/3 System contains
a wide range of predefined function modules that you can call from any ABAP
program. Function modules also play an important role in database updates
and in remote communications between R/3 Systems or between an R/3
System and a non-SAP system.
Unlike subroutines, you do not define function modules in the source code of
your program. Instead, you use the Function Builder. The actual ABAP
interface definition remains hidden from the programmer. You can define the
input parameters of a function module as optional. You can also assign
default values to them. Function modules also support exception handling.
This allows you to catch certain errors while the function module is running.
You can test function modules without having to include them in a program
using the Function Builder.
The Function Builder also has a release process for function modules. This
ensures that incompatible changes cannot be made to any function modules
that have already been released. This applies particularly to the interface.
Programs that use a released function module will not cease to work if the
function module is changed.
15. BAPIS AND RFCS?
Technically, not much at all. They are both remote enabled functions that
can be accessed from outside of SAP (to be more technically correct, from
outside of the ABAP stack).
From a usage/functional perspective however, BAPIs are a little bit more
special from RFCs.
Bapis:
- are designed as the methods of business objects in the business object
repository (accessable using transaction BAPI or SWO1)
- have non-technical parameter names (the technical field names in SAP are
mapped)
- have a fixed interface and functionality across all SAP releases (this is
probably the key point as it means you can develop integrations with them
which do not need to be changed when you upgrade)
Generally, if you are trying to find a function for a particular requirement you
should look for a BAPI first, then for a RFC function which has a released
status (check the function attributes in SE37), and then just a normal RFC
last.

The benefit of an RFC function with released status means that it also has a
fixed interface which will not change with new SAP releases.
Hope that helps.
16. MOVE and MOVE-CORRESPONDING stmts?
Ans. MOVE-CORRESPONDING
Syntax
MOVE-CORRESPONDING struc1 TO struc2.

Effect
Structures must be specified for struc1 and struc2. All components with the
same name are searched for in struc1 and struc2 and the content of
components in struc1 is assigned to the components with the same name in
struc2. All other components are not affected.
Nested structures are fully expanded. The names of the components are
compared to the lowest common level. For each comp component pair with
the same name, the
MOVE struc1-comp TO struc2-comp.

statement is executed, and - if necessary - the corresponding conversions

are performed.
MOVE:
Move the content of an internal table/variable to another internal
table/variable
Syn: MOVE T_TEST-FIELD1 TO T_TEST2-FIELD1.

ACCENTURE

1. how to display footer in last page in forms?

Ex: there is 4 pages we want to display footer in 4th page
there is 3 pages we want to display footer in 3rd page
there is 1 page we want to display footer in 1st page
2. What is table controls in BDC?
Ans. When working with BDC for Table Control you require work around to get next
page of table control. You need to use the BDC OKCODE =P+.BCD_OKCODE is for
Page down that can be used for scrolling down in table control. so you can fill data
in to table grid.

Ans 2. BDC table control is an area on the screen in which you can display data in
tabular form. You process it using a loop. Table controls are comparable to step loop
tables. While a table control consists of a single definition row, step loop blocks may
extend over more than one row. Table controls are more flexible than step loops,
and are intended to replace them.
When you need to handle a scenario like in sales order, it may contain more than
one material, if you have more than one material we have to use table control, it
will have number of columns and number of rows.
Table controls allow you to enter, display, and modify tabular data easily on the
screen

3. There is a chance to do multiple transactions in call transaction?

Ans. Yes, but at a time it is not possible. After completion of first transaction
4. What is protect and end protect in scripts?
Ans. You can specify either in the style or in the layout set that a particular
paragraph should not be split in two by a page break. If the page protect
attribute is set then the complete paragraph is always output on a single
page. This property applies only to that particular paragraph. SAP Script provides
the PROTECT... ENDPROTECT command pair to allow you to define the areas to be
protected against a page break on an individual basis. Thus the
PROTECT/ENDPROTECT commands may be regarded as a kind of conditional NEWPAGE command, the condition being whether or not the lines enclosed between the
two commands fit in the space remaining in the current main window.

5. change pointer technique in ale/idocs?

6. what is message type and idoc type?
7.how to find suitable badi for u r requirement?
8. how to use select-option without ranges?
9.what is external subroutine?
10.how to use tables in function modules?
11. how to display alv output in 3 blocks using normal alv reports( like
header part , middle part, footer part)?
12. What are events in alvs?
13. What is the difference between BDC_OKCODE and BDC_CURSOR?

BDC_OKCODE: is used for storing commands during the recording. Like '/00'
is the command for 'ENTER' Key.
BDC_CURSOR: contains the cursor position. It contains the field in which
cursor will be.
Example code:
Perform bdc_field
Perform bdc_field

using 'BDC_CURSOR'
'PROJ-PSPID'.
using 'BDC_OKCODE'
'=BU'.

Accneture(client):
1. How can u show the difference in ur tech spec from others?
2. How can you take care of performance of a abap program?
3. pre-requisit for for all entries? what happened if above internal table was
not filled?
4. Which parameter in a function module will u prefer to export tables?
5. What is IN UPDATE TASK?
Ans. Update task mode in function module
We can call a function module in Update task mode by using IN
UPDATE TASK" statement. It allows you to call a function module but it will
not be executed/called until an update task is initiated by the
'COMMIT WORK' statement in the report.
This means that the program logic after calling the FM will
immediately continue with the next line of ABAP code and the function
module will wait for the commit work statement and after that it will be
executed/called.
Example:
CALL FUNCTION 'ZAU_FUNCTION' IN UPDATE TASK
EXPORTING
P_UNAME
= sy-uname.
Loop at it_mara to wa_mara.
"Program continues without executing the function.
endloop.
commit work. "Commits all work to database and also starts all FM's running

in update task
Why its used ?
Suppose you need to call / perform some actions only after database
updation and not before that.
6. How can u find out a Badi?
7. Process to find out a user exit?
8. Tell me the Badi name u had used?
9. Any one of the Bapi name u had used?
10. How can we transalate language of sf standard text?
11. How can we create update fm?
Ans. Creating Update Function Modules
To create a function module, you first need to start the Function Builder.
Choose Tools
ABAP Workbench, Function Builder. For more information about creating
function modules, refer to the ABAP Workbench Tools documentation.
To be able to call a function module in an update work process, you must flag
it in the Function Builder. When you create the function module, set the
Process Type attribute to one of the following values:

Update with immediate start:

Set this option for high priority ("V1") functions that run in a shared
(SAP LUW). These functions can be restarted by the update task in
case of errors.
Update w. imm. start, no restart:
Set this option for high priority ("V1") functions that run in a shared
(SAP LUW). These functions may not be restarted by the update task.
Update with delayed start
Set this option for low priority ("V2") functions that run in their own
update transactions. These functions can be restarted by the update
task in case of errors.

To display the attributes screen in the Function Builder, choose Goto

Administration.
Defining the Interface
Function modules that run in the update task have a limited interface:

12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

Result parameters or exceptions are not allowed since update-task

function modules cannot report on their results.
You must specify input parameters and tables with reference fields or
reference structures defined in the ABAP Dictionary.
Instead of using commit and rollback why u r using IN UPDATE TASK?
Some tables of customer master?
Which module u are working?
Have u worked on pricing in sd?
Have u write any formulas?
Have u worked on currency conversions?
vbpa Table description?
Have u worked on IDOCS?
Have u knowledge on Adobe forms?
Have u worked on enhancements frame work?
ALV FM'S?

Wipro
1. Difference b/w scripts and Smartforms?
Ans.
1) Script is Client Dependent whereas SMARTFORM is client Independent.
2) We can't cave script without Main window but SMARTFORM we
can.
3) After executing SMARTFORM it generates a function module
Script
doesn't.
4) We can set background Image to SMARTFORM but not in Script
5) We can add color in SMARTFORM but not in Script.
6) In Script we can maintains up to 99 main windows but in SMARTFORM can
maintain only one Main window.
We cannot create sap script without main window.
But we can create smart form without main window.
2. Difference b/w classical and interactive reports?
3. Difference b/w user-exit and customer exit?
Ans. 1.USER EXITS are FORMS and are called by SAP standard programs
using PERFORMS (subroutines).
CUSTOMER EXITS are FUNCTIONS so they are called using CALLFUNCTION (function
modules)
2. Inside the form (user exit) you can read and change almost any global data
from host program.
Inside a function (customer exit) you can only access your
import/export/changing/tables parameters.

3. User exits are more flexible because you have more information to use in your
code but on the other hand, it is very easy to manipulate erroneously global data
and lead the standard program to a dump or even to make database inconsistent.
Customer exits are more restrictive but you are sure any change you can make to
any parameters will never lead to inconsistency.
4. User-exit doesnt have any classification.
In customer-exit we have function-module exit, screen exit, menu exit.
5. User exits are basically designed For SD module.
Customer exits are available for MM, SD, FI, HR..Basically designed for all modules.

4. Tell me about roles and responsibilities of your project?

5. Events in reports?
Ans. LOAD OF PROGRAM
INITIALIZATION
AT-SELECTION SCREEN ON
AT-SELECTION SCREEN
START-OF-SELECTION
TOP-OF-PAGE
END OF SELECTION
END OF PAGE
Q. Difference b/w RFCs and BAPIs ?
Bapi can't handle exceptions, the calling program has to handle it whereas
RFC fm can handle it.
Every BAPI is a RFc whereas every RFC is not a BAPI.
Rfc enabled are basically for sap systems whereas BAPI are for non sap
systems like i want to access data via java or vb.
Ans 2. -- BAPI are RFC enabled function modules.
-- The difference between RFC and BAPI are business objects. You create
business objects and those are then registered in your BOR (Business Object
Repository) which can be accessed outside the SAP system by using some other
applications (Non-SAP) such as VB or JAVA. In this case u only specifies the business
object and its method from external system in BAPI there is no direct system call.
-- While RFC are direct system call Some BAPIs provide basic functions and
can be used for most SAP business object types. These BAPIs should be
implemented the same for all business object types. Standardized BAPIs are easier
to use and prevent users having to deal with a number of different BAPIs. Whenever
possible, a standardized BAPI must be used in preference to an individual BAPI.

6. Difference b/w BDC and Bapi?

Ans.
BDC stands for Batch Data Communication; Through BDC you are
going to update screens.
BAPI stands for Business Application Programming Interface. Through
bapi you are going to update Data Base Tables directly.
Whenever screen of a particular transaction changes, you need to redo the
work in case of BDC.
Whereas in case of BAPI SAP will take care as it will update the Database
Tables Directly.
BAPI is directly updated the database instead BDC run through the screen
flow.
So BAPI can't handle all the flow logic checking and enhancement put by
programmer to facilitate the user requirement.
BAPI is a higher end usage for transferring the data from SAP to non-SAP
and vice-versa. for ex: if we are using VB application, where in that we want
to connect to SAP and retrieve the data, and then change and update the
data in SAP for that purpose we can use that.
There is one more advantage using BAPI instead of BDC. When we go for
up gradation, there might be possibility to change the screen elements for
transactions depending on the requirement.
In that case, our BDC program may or may not work (depending on the
screen changes they have made).
BAPI is used only when it is available for the particular transaction like
Delivery Sales order. But BDC can be used for any transactions which have
screen and fields.

7. How to handle errors in call transaction method in bdc?

Ans. Errors while updating the database using call transaction technique
are trapped using a structure bdcmsgcall, whose field msgtyp become e
when an error record is encountered. Those records are formatted using
format_message function call in the desired format and stored in an
internal table for listing of all error records in one shot.

---------------------------------------1. Diff b/w call transaction and session methods?

Ans. Here the differences between session and call transaction
Call transaction:
1) Synchronous process
2) Asynchronous /synchronous update
3) Single transaction only handled
4) Small amount of data uploaded.
5) Explicit error handling (Means all the error records move to internal table
and validate)
6) Time requirement is low.
Session method:
1) Asynchronous process.
2) Synchronous update.
3) Multiple transactions can be handled (Means u can upload the data at a
time for more than one t-code).
4) Huge amount of data can be uploaded.
5) Implicit error handling (Means for errors SM35)
6) Execute the session on a specific date. (By using hold date parameter)
7) Time requirement is more
2. Events in alv reports?
These are the main events that are used in an ALV report.
1. USER_COMMAND
2. TOP_OF_PAGE
3. PF_STATUS_SET
4. TOP_OF_LIST
5. END_OF_PAGE
6. END_OF_LIST
7. SUBTOTAL_TEXT
3. Purpose of start-of-selection and end-of-selection and when they
are triggered?
Ans.
START-OF-SELECTION: this will trigger after leaving the selection-screen and
before extracting data.
Purpose: it is used to extracting the data
END-OF-SELECTION: this is used to process the data and display the data.
This will trigger after extracting the data before processing the data.

4. Where we can write the at line selection screen event (how it

works)?
5. How to display color for particular field in ALV?
EMPHASIZE is the command to provide the colors in ALV report.
Syn: CXYZ
C for getting color
X color number
Y intensity of color
Z foreground/background (1-back ground, 0- foreground)
6. How to find BADIS?
Ans. Scenario: Need to find the name of the BADI available in a
transaction
1. Go to Transaction SE24
2. Enter the Object Type CL_EXITHANDLER and click on Display.
3. Double Click on method "GET_INSTANCE".
4. Put a Break-point on
Call method cl_exithandler=>get_class_name_by_interface
5. Run any Transaction for which you need enhancements.
6. The execution will stop at the break point. Check the values of variable
'exit_name', it will give you the BADI name called at that time.
This way you will find all the BADIs called on click of any button in any
transaction.
Ans 2. There are several ways to find BADIs in the program.
1. Set a break-point in method CL_EXITHANDLER=>GET_INSTANCE.
Because old BAID technology will always call this method to get the BADI
instance.
2. Search string CL_EXITHANDLER=>GET_INSTANCE in the program. This
drawback of this method is that the program may call another program in
the runtime. In this case, you will be able to find the BADI in another
program.
3. You can also go the t-code SPRO, you can also find plenty of BADIs in the
related area.

4. You can also find the BADI call using ST05. Below are the steps:

Go to ST05, then choose table buffer trace and activate the trace.
Run the t-code from where you want to find the BADI.

Deactive the trace and then display trace.

Using selection criteria object V_EXT_IMP and V_EXT_ACT and

then you can get called BADI list.

This analyzing technique is based on the fact that all BAdIs are registrated in
SAP database tables. So for each BAdI call these database tables will be
accessed. The BAdI database tables are SXS_INTER, SXC_EXIT,
SXC_CLASS and SXC_ATTR. These tables are always accessed by the views
V_EXT_IMP and V_EXT_ACT. So these two ABAP views (T: SE11) will be the
basis for the trace.
Ans 3.
FIND A BADI

these steps should enable you to find any BADI related to any transaction in
a matter of minutes.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)

Go to the transaction SE37 to find your function module.

Locate the function SXV_GET_CLIF_BY_NAME.
Put a breakpoint there.
Now open a new session.
Go to your transaction.
At that time, it will stop this function.
Double click on the function field EXIT_NAME.
That will give you name of the BADI that is provided in your transaction.

OR
GOTO SE24 - CLASS BUILDER
Go the class CL_EXITHANDLER
go to its method GET_INSTANCE
and put a breakpoint in this line calling the method
CALL METHOD CL_EXITHANDLER = > GET_CLASS_NAME_BY_INTERFACE

7. Diff b/w BDC and BAPI?

Ans.
A BAPI is a method of a SAP Business Object. BAPI enables SAP and third
party applications to interact and integrate
with each other at the Business Object / Process level.
Check this link to know more about BAPI.
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/bapi/example.htm
http://sappoint.com/abap/
Batch Data Communication (BDC) is the oldest batch interfacing technique
that SAP provided since the early versions of R/3. BDC is not a
typical integration tool, in the sense that, it can be only be used for
uploading data into R/3 and so it is not bi-directional.
BDC works on the principle of simulating user input for transactional screen,
via an ABAP program. Typically the input comes in the form
of a flat file. The ABAP program reads this file and formats the input data
screen by screen into an internal table (BDCDATA). The
transaction is then started using this internal table as the input and executed
in the background.
In Call Transaction, the transactions are triggered at the time of processing
itself and so the ABAP program must do the error handling.
It can also be used for real-time interfaces and custom error handling &
logging features. .
To know more about BDC,
check the link.
http://sappoint.com/abap/
Main differences are...
In case of bdc data transfer takes place from flat file into sap system ie the
file existing in sap system to sap system.
Where as bapi's are remotely enabled function modules which are assigned
to some business objects n used to transfer the data between different
business partners who are using different systems other than sap.
not only that...
when you plan to upgrade your system version then bdc will not support
those upgradation where as bapi's will support.
7. Anything is stored in DB while creating VIEWS?

Ans. data of a view is derived from one or more tables, but not stored
physically.
is it possible to bring select option in module pool screens?
Ans. Create SELECT-OPTIONS in module pool screen using two methods as
shown.
Method 1:a) Create a subscreen area in your screen layout where you want to create
the select options.
b) In the top include of your module pool program declare a selection screen
as a subscreen e.g.
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 100 AS SUBSCREEN.
Select-options s_matnr for mara-matnr.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF SCREEN.
c) In the PBO and PAI of the main screen where the select options needs to
be created do a call subscreen of the above screen (100).
CALL SUBCREEN sub_area INCLUDING <program> <screen>
This CALL SUBSCREEN statement is necessary for transport of values
between screen and program.
Note: All validations of the selection screen fields e.g. the s_matnr field
created above should be done in selection screen events like AT SELECTIONSCREEN etc and not in PAI. These selection screen validations etc should be
done in the top include only.
Method 2:a) Create 2 separate fields in your screen layout one for the low value and
one for the high value. Insert an icon beside the high value which will call the
multiple selections popup screen on user command. Use function module
COMPLEX_SELECTIONS_DIALOG to achieve this.
continued
struc_tab_and_field-fieldname = con_cust. KUNNR
struc_tab_and_field-tablename = con_kna1. KNA1.
CALL FUNCTION COMPLEX_SELECTIONS_DIALOG EXPORTING*

TITLE =
text = g_titl1 Customers
tab_and_field = struc_tab_and_field
TABLES RANGE = rng_kunnr
EXCEPTIONS
NO_RANGE_TAB = 1
CANCELLED = 2
INTERNAL_ERROR = 3
INVALID_FIELDNAME = 4
OTHERS = 5.
IF NOT rng_kunnr[] IS INITIAL.
* Read the very first entry of the range table and pass it to
* dynpro screen field
*READ TABLE rng_kunnr INDEX 1.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
g_cust = rng_kunnr-low.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
You can use the return table rng_kunnr to populate your own internal range
table with the values entered by the user. Basically here you are just
simulating the work of a select-options parameter by module pool screen
elements.

Honey Well
1. Use of driver program in smart forms?
Ans. This is used to process the data and to pass the data to form
(Layout).
2. Use of FM in driver program of SF?
4. what are the fields displayed in Purchase Order creation, where
you get those fields?
5. Which BAPI your used?
Ans. Both standard and user defined
6. COMMIT and ROLL BACK in bapi?
Ans. Commit is the thing which saves the changes you made to the
database .it is an interface technique it is a direct input method.
for example you have inserted some data into one table by using this BAPI
technique but you not done the Commit BAPI then what happens is the

changes u made to the database cannot been seen in the table these will get
effective once u have Done the Commit BAPI.
Rollback
see by taking the above example only we can know what is Rollback it is
nothing but UNDO option in ms office se until saving if we want one step
back we will do it by undo option am i right.
Similarly until commit in i.e. nothing until saving the changes made u can
delete the modified change.
Call function 'BAPI_PO_CREATE1'
'....................
After that
If u wants to do commit, just add this statement.
COMMIT WORK.
If u wants to do roll back, just add this statement
ROLLBACK WORK.
9. Names of Development, testing, quality servers?
10. What is LOCK OBJECT?
Ans. The SAP System synchronizes simultaneous access of several
users to the same data records with a lock mechanism. When interactive
transactions are programmed, locks are set and released by calling function
modules (see Function Modules for Lock Requests). These function modules
are automatically generated from the definition of lock objects in the ABAP
Dictionary.
There are 3 types
1. READ LOCK(Shared lock)
It allows read access for other transactions but not write access to locked
area of table data
2. WRITE LOCK
It allows write access for other transactions but not read access to locked
area of table data
3. Enhanced lock
This is advance write lock
Whenever lock object applies on a table, two function modules will work.
Those are 1) ENQUE: It is used to lock the table while a command is working
on table.
2) DEQUE: It is used to unlock the table after command working is
complete.

11. Before Developing Objects we are create transforms/transports,

who
created
those
transforms/transports?
12. T.Code for transports creation?
Ans. The main transactions used to create/maintain a Transport
Request are:
Tx SE01, Tx SE09 and Tx SE10.
With Development and Configuration Transport Requests are usually created
automatically then use Tx SE09 or Tx SE10 to release the Request and Task .

IGATE
1. Different types of internal tables?
Ans.
Internal tables are 2 types 1) INDEX
2) Hashed
Index internal tables are again two types: 1) Standard int table
2) Sorted int table
STANDARD int table:
It allows duplicate records
No need to maintain unique or non-unique key
Record will be added to int table with APPEND key word
Records will be searched using linear search
Internal table table will be sorted using SORT key word explicitly
Syntax: Data: <int_tab> like STANDARD table of <wa>.
SORTED int table
It doesnt allows the duplicate records
At least one field should be unique/non-unique key
Records will be added to int table using INSERT key word
Binary search is used to search the records from int table
No need to sort the int table because as a default int table will be sorted
Syntax:
Data: <int tab> like SORTED table of <wa> with UNIQUE/NON-UNIQUE KEY
<F1>.
2) HASHED int table
It also doesnt allows the duplicate records

At least one field should be unique

Records will be added using INSERT key word
Mid- point algorithm is used to search the records from int table.
Syntax:
Data: <int tab> like HASHED table of <WA> WITH UNIQUE KEY <F1>.
2. Inner Join syntax?
Ans. Select t001~bukrs too1~butxt too1~ort01 t001~land1 knb1~kunnr
knb1~erdat into it_final from too1 innerjoin knb1
On t001~bukrs = knb1~bukrs
Where t001~bukrs in s_bukrs.
3. FMs in outbound side of idocs?
4. How you can display data using TBC(connection from one layer to
another layer)?
------------------------------------------------------------------1. Different types of invoices?
2. What are indexes?
Indexes allow the database application to find data fast; without reading the
whole table.

An index can be created in a table to find data more quickly and

efficiently.
The users cannot see the indexes, they are just used to speed up
searches/queries.
Note: Updating a table with indexes takes more time than updating a
table without (because the indexes also need an update). So you
should only create indexes on columns (and tables) that will be
frequently searched against.
3. If bdc_close_group FM is not written in session method then
whats the effect?
Ans. 1. BDC_OPEN_GROUP - This FM is used to create a session in
Application Server.
2. BDC_INSERT - This FM is used to insert the internal table
records into
Session memory.
3. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This FM is used to save the records
in session
Memory and close it to process later.
4. If records are 200 or 300 in that case secondary indexes are
not working then what can u do?
5. What is flow of projects?

6. Tcode for quotation

Robert Bosch
1. ASAP methodology in sap abap?
Ans. ASAP Roadmap
Use
The ASAP Roadmap provides the methodology for implementing and
continuously optimizing your SAP System. It divides the implementation
process into five phases and offers detailed Project Plans to assist you (in
Microsoft Project format). The documentation stored at each level of the
Roadmap tree structure contains recommendations on implementing your
SAP System and links to helpful tools and accelerators.
Purpose
When you install the Implementation Assistant you can choose from several
Roadmap types and flavors.
Roadmap types

Roadmap flavors

Implementation

R/3 System (Continuous

Improvement)
BW
APO
Business-to-Business Procurement

Global ASAP

R/3 System

Upgrade

R/3 System

In your implementation project (Roadmap type: Implementation), you can

bring together several Roadmap flavors in one Roadmap. The
Implementation Assistant also helps you to implement a combination of
software implementation projects.
Features

The implementation of your SAP System covers the following phases:

1. Project Preparation
In this phase you plan your project and lay the foundations for
successful implementation. It is at this stage that you make the
strategic decisions crucial to your project:
o

Define your project goals and objectives

Clarify the scope of your implementation

Define your project schedule, budget plan, and implementation

sequence

Establish the project organization and relevant committees and

assign resources

2. Business Blueprint
In this phase you create a blueprint using the Question & Answer
database (Q&A db), which documents your enterprises requirements
and establishes how your business processes and organizational
structure are to be represented in the SAP System. You also refine the
original project goals and objectives and revise the overall project
schedule in this phase.
3. Realization
In this phase, you configure the requirements contained in the
Business Blueprint. Baseline configuration (major scope) is followed by
final configuration (remaining scope), which can consist of up to four
cycles. Other key focal areas of this phase are conducting integration
tests and drawing up end user documentation.
4. Final Preparation
In this phase you complete your preparations, including testing, end
user training, system management, and cutover activities. You also
need to resolve all open issues in this phase. At this stage you need to
ensure that all the prerequisites for your system to go live have been
fulfilled.
5. Go Live & Support
In this phase you move from a pre-production environment to the live
system. The most important elements include setting up production
support, monitoring system transactions, and optimizing overall
system performance.

After your system has gone live, you can use a separate
Roadmap with six work packages, in order to optimize your SAP
System continuously.
These phases are the main milestones for your SAP System implementation
project. Each phase has:

Work packages, which consist of activities, for which project teams are
responsible.
Activities, which consist of tasks, which are processed by one or more
team members.
Tasks, which are carried out by a project team member. You can also
access the How-to sections and accelerators at this level.

2. Difference b/w supporting/up gradation and implementation

project in detail?
3. Purpose of hide statement?
Ans. You use the HIDE technique while creating a list level to store linespecific information for later use. To do so, use the HIDE statement as
follows:
HIDE <f>.
This statement places the contents of the variable <f> for the current output
line (system field SY-LINNO) into the HIDE area. The variable <f> must not
necessarily appear on the current line.
To make your program more readable, always place the HIDE statement
directly after the output statement for the variable <f> or after the last
output statement for the current line.
As soon as the user selects a line for which you stored HIDE fields, the
system fills the variables in the program with the values stored. A line can be
selected

By an interactive event.
For each interactive event, the HIDE fields of the line on which the
cursor is positioned during the event are filled with the stored values.
By the READ LINE statement.

You can think of the HIDE area as a table, in which the system stores the
names and values of all HIDE fields for each list and line number. As soon as
they are needed, the system reads the values from the table.
4. Different types of alv reports?
Ans. There are 3 types of alv reports are there
1. Simple ALV reports
2. Blocked alv reports: In this case more than one independent block is
displayed in the output. This is generally used when we need to display data
from two internal tables in the same list where the
structure of the table
is different. The following FM r used.
REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_INIT
REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_APPEND
REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_DISPLAY
3. Hierarchical alv reports: Hierarchical ALV are used to display the
header and item data in a single layout. i.e., we are displaying data like
TREE.
>>>Header data at top level
>>> Item data at next level
>>> Sub item data at child level...
5. Events in smart forms?
Ans.
1. AT-FIRST: This is used when we want to execute the statements before
records are processed.
2. AT-NEW: This event is used when we want to execute the statement
before group of records are processed.
3. AT-END: This event is used when we want to execute the statements after
processing of group of records.
4. AT-LAST: This event is used when we want to execute the statements
after all records are processed.
6. Diff b/w table and structure in smart forms?
Ans. template
-- Template is fixed in size.
-- Template is Output of a table containing static data
-- These are the possible direct successors-All except window, page, table,
and template
nodes
-- Template is used for proper alignment of data which table is used for
displaying multiple data.
--We can say Template is for static data
Table
--Table - Output of a table containing application.
--Data and these are the possible direct successors-as with template node.

--And Table is for dynamic data. Table extends dynamically.

Suppose we have a requirement in which we have to align the customer
address in such a way as shown below:Ex: Name- Krishna Company- WIPRO Location- Chennai
Design- S/W Native - Mumbai
Then for proper alignment we can create a template and split that into 3
columns and 2 rows and create text elements for each cell display a proper
aligned data at the output.
When we include a template inside a loop it gives the same property as a
table.
When we have multiple data which is to be extended to the next page like,
when we display all employee details in a company we use table.
Table has 3 sections, HEADER, ITEM, and FOOTER
The header section will be executed once and it will loop at the item level. At
the end footer will be executed.
7. What is company code?
8. How many secondary lists in interactive reports?
Ans. 1 basic list and 20 secondary lists
9. Diff b/w reports and interactive reports?
Ans. Classical Reports
These are the simplest reports. It is just an output of data using the Write
statement inside a loop.
Classical reports are normal reports. These reports are not having any sub
reports. IT IS HAVING ONLY ONE SCREEN/LIST FOR OUTPUT.
Interactive Reports
As the name suggests, the user can interact with the report. We can have
a drill down into the report data. For example, Column one of the report
displays the material numbers, and the user feels that he needs some more
specific data about the vendor for that material, he can HIDE that data under
those material numbers.
And when the user clicks the material number, another report (actually sub
report/secondary list) which displays the vendor details will be displayed.
We can have a basic list (number starts from 0) and 20 secondary lists (1 to
21).
10. How to develop variable window in smart forms?

11. In which case you use SD?

12. How to edit alv report after displaying the report?
Ans. In ALV Reports, the output is displayed by using the function module:
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY or REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
Input for the above function modules is program name and fieldcatalog and
data internal table.
You can edit the records in the output list by using EDIT = 'X' option in the
field catalog.
While filling the field catalog we have to consider the field EDIT = 'X'.
But this is used for print purpose only we cannot save into database.

Ntt data:
1. Which syntax is used for BDC in application server?
Ans. u can use open dataset syntax
Date Sets are nothing but files on Application Server, they can even be called
as Sequential files.
Open Dataset is used to open required file on the application Server.
Read Dataset is used to read the contents required file on the application
Server.
open dataset, read dataset, close dataset are used to read and place the
data in the application server.
--OPEN DATASET IS USED TO OPEN THE DATASET.
Syntax: open dataset <dataset name>for input/output in text/binary mode
encoding/ascii default.
--CLOSE DATASET is used to close the dataset.
Syntax: close dataset <dataset name>.
2. Steps in ASAP methodology?
Ans. It would be helpful to go through the help document of ASAP
Methodology.
The following information may clarify some doubts/requirements you have.

ASAP is Accelerated SAP, a methodology being used to complete an SAP

implementation from End to End. Means, it has five phases and starts with

1) Project Preparation : where the SAP consultants try to understand the AS

IS business process of the industry for which implementation is being done.
The hardware and software requirements are analysed. Infact all the basic
preparation is done at this stage.
2) Blue Print : After the AS IS study is made a TO BE process is evolved
where in the client business is put in technically as to how it would be like in
SAP. Blue is a binding between the implementor and Client. So, there is a
sign off from the client on what is going to be done.
3) Realization : Here the blue print is configured on the system. For some
processes where SAP cannot do as it is,like when there is a difference
between AS IS and TO BE called a GAP , we use developers(ABAP) . The
functional guys give the functional spec based on which the ABAP'rs prepare
technical specs and fulfill the object ( may be reports, user exits,
enhancements and so on). Also the unit and integration testing is done here.
4) Final Preparation : Here the enduser, core user training is completed on
how he has to use the sap system. Master data uploads into the production
server. In a way the system is getting for going live. And just before the go
live date the data that needs to be put into sap is fixed and the remaining
transactions of the business are recorded may be in a flat file or sometimes
they are taken off so that upto date data in the production server is
maintained.
5) Go Live and Support : Here finally the SAP system goes live and followed
by some support as agreed upon in the service level agreements.
Q. Events in interactive report?
Events associated with Interactive Reports are:
1)
AT LINE-SELECTION: It will trigger when ever user double click on any
record of any list.
Advantage: It is used to pass the list number on which double clicked
to the next list.
2)
AT USER-COMMAND: It will trigger when we click on any menu items.
3)
AT PF-STATUS: it will trigger when we click on any function keys
4)
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION : it will trigger at the top of
secondary list
Advantage: it is used to provide the header in the secondary list.

4. Diff b/w normal and interactive reports?

5. Diff b/w session and call transaction

IBM
1. How to give accessing of report to another person?
Ans. Using authorization objects
Creating authorization object
1.
To create the authorization object, choose the SU21 transaction.
2.
First double-click an object class to select it.
3.
Provide the name of the object and relevant text.
4.
Add the fields that should be included in the new authorization object.
5.
Hit Save.. Once you click on save it'll ask for package details (select the
relevant package
from the drop down list) and save again.
6.
New auth objected is created now.
7. Click on permitted activities to select the activities and save the
changes.

Ans 2. Authorization Objects are used to manipulate the current users

privileges for specific data selection and activities from within a program.
We could always create our own authorization objects and implement it in
our own abap programs. As an example, we will create our own authorization
field similar to TCD used in S_TCODE Authorization object.
Steps to create authorization field
1. Go to transaction code SU20
2. Click the create new button on the application toolbar.
3. Enter ZTCODE in the Field Name and TCODE in the Data Element, then
hit Enter.
4. Click the save button on the system toolbar.
Next step is to create the authorization class (see #1 in figure 1) and
authorization object (see #2 in figure 1).

Steps to create authorization class

1. Go to transaction code SU21
2. Click on the Create buttons drop down icon and select Object Class.
3. Enter ZTRN on the Object Class field.
4. Give it a description and save it.
Steps to create authorization object
1. Again in SU21, in the list of authorization class (folder icon), click the one
that weve created(ZTRN).
2. Click on the Create buttodrop down, this time selecting Authorization
Object.
3. Enter Z_TCODE on the Object field and give it a description.
4. On the authorization fields section, enter ACTVT and ZTCODE. ACTVT is
used to set and limit the activity of the user, while the ZTCODE is the
authorization field that weve created earlier which is responsible for holding
a list of tcodes.
5. On the Further Authorization Object Settings, click on Permitted
activities button. Here we will select the specific activities that we want to
be available for our authorization object.
6. As an example, we will select 01(Create), 02(Change), and 03(Display).
7. Save and Exit.
Now were done creating our own authorization object, let us now use and
assign it to a user.
Steps to create a role(see figure 2)
1. Go to transaction code PFCG.
2. Enter ZAUTHTEST on Role field and click the Single Role button.
3. Now give it a description, click the save button and click the Authorization
tab.
4. Click the Change Authorization Data button inside the authorization tab.
5. Then click the Manually button on the application toolbar and type in the
name of the authorization object that weve created earlier(Z_TCODE) and
press enter.
6. Expand all the nodes, double click on the input field of the Activity and
select activity 01 and 02.
7. Enter the tcode of our own abap program in ZTCODE field, in our example I
used ZCOMM .
8. And also dont forget to add the S_TCODE authorization object and enter
ZCOMM on its field.
9. Now Click on the Generate button in the application toolbar and press
enter on the pop-up screen.
10. press the back button and assign a specific user on the user tab and click
User Comparison button.
11. Now create another role by repeating steps 1 to 9 but this time select

activity 03 on step 6.
12. Then assign this 2nd role to another user.
(Figure 2)
Now lets implement this authorization in our ABAP program. Let say we have
a dialog program (ZCOMM) wherein we have a button on the screen that
when clicked, the user will go to the Create/Edit screen(1000) if hes
authorized. On the other hand, he will go to display only screen (2000) if hes
not authorized. To do that, simply add the code below on your program.
AUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT Z_TCODE authorization object that weve
created
ID ACTVT FIELD 01
Activity = 01, authorized to create
ID ZTCODE FIELD ZCOMM.
tcodes that we wants to check for
authorization
IF sy-subrc EQ 0.
CALL SCREEN 1000.
The user is authorized to create
ELSE.
CALL SCREEN 2000.
User is not authorized to create (Display only)
ENDIF.

2. How to run a report?

3. What is authorization?
4. Validation in module pool?
5. Chain and end chain in module pool?
If the validation has to be done for more than one field those fields are
included between chain and end chain.
Ex
In PAI if you want to validate group of fields put in chain and End chain
statement.
You can declare fields in the chain endchain.
CHAIN.
FIELD chk_ABC.
FIELD chk_DEF.

FIELD chk_GHI.
FIELD CHK-JKL.
MODULE CHK_screenfields.
ENDCHAIN.
MODULE CHK_screenfields INPUT.
CLEAR okcode.
okcode = sy-ucomm.
CASE okcode.
WHEN 'ENTER' OR 'EXECUTE'.
IF chk_ABC IS INITIAL AND chk_DEF IS INITIAL AND CHK_GHI
IS INITIAL .
MESSAGE e000(zo_spa) WITH text-017. " Enter VALUES'
ELSE.
.....
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
ENDMODULE. " modify_screenfields INPUT

6. How to know the errors using bapi while uploading data?

Ans.
A BAPI should be able to record and classify all possible errors that may
occur a function Module BAPI_MESSAGE_GETDETAIL is used to handle the
Error Messages.
You have to create a parameter named Return for every BAPI. This
parameter returns exception messages or success messages to the calling
program.
BAPIs themselves must not trigger any messages (such as MESSAGE
xnnn) in the coding. In particular they must not generate terminations or
display dialog boxes. Instead, all messages must be intercepted internally
and reported back to the calling program in the Return parameter. Otherwise
the BAPI will not be processed correctly and control may not be given back to
the calling program.
All error messages or indeed any message that may be returned by the
BAPI, must be defined in message table (Tools ABAP Workbench
Development Programming environment Messages) and described in
the documentation for the return parameter. This also applies to the most
important or most likely error messages generated by other programs that
can be indirectly passed via the BAPI to the application program.

You must not use exceptions in BAPI interfaces.

When a termination message (message type A) is triggered, a database
rollback is executed in the standard programming model, that is, all tasks
performed since the last COMMIT WORK are canceled. When you program
BAPIs, we recommend that you also execute a database rollback in the
return parameter for termination messages. You must describe this process
in the documentation for the Return parameter. For messages of type E
(error), the calling program performs the error handling.
Application developers are provided with two service BAPIs to diagnose and
process error messages from BAPI calls:

BapiService.MessageGetDetail () displays the short and long texts of BAPI

error messages.
BapiService.ApplicationLogGetDetail (), with which information in application
logs can be displayed.

Features
The export parameter Return can be implemented as follows:
As a structure, whereby it must be defined in the function module as an
export parameter, as well as in the method in the BOR.
As a table, whereby it must be defined in the function module as a table
parameter, as well as in the method in the BOR as an export parameter.
Before filling the Return parameter you should either initialize the structure
with CLEAR or the table with REFRESH and CLEAR.
If the return parameter is not set or is set to an initial value this means that
no error has occurred.
The Return parameter may be based on the following reference structures:
BAPIRET2
You must use this reference structure when developing new BAPIS.

BAPIRET1, BAPIRETURN
These reference structures are still partly used in old BAPIs.
Both structures must be filled in the logon language.
7. Diff b/w sorted and hashed internal tables?
Ans. 1.Standard Internal Tables: These tables have a linear index and can be
accessed using the index or the key. The response time is in linear
relationship with number of table entries.
These tables are useful when user wants to address individual table entries
using the index.
2. Sorted Internal Tables: These tables also have an index and the key. But,
the response time is in logarithmic relationship with number of table entries,
since it uses binary search algorithm instead of linear search. These tables
are useful when user wants the table to be sorted
While additional entries have to be added.
3. Hashed Internal Tables: These tables have no index, but have the key. The
response time is constant irrespective of number of table entries, since it
uses a Hash algorithm. These tables are useful when user wants to access
the entries with key only.
8. How to use NACE transaction (configuration)?
Ans. NACE is the t. Code to configure the form and driver program.
Example: if we create a form and driver program related to BILLING (invoice) or if
we want to identify the Form and program name of an application (Purchase order,
sales order, billing, delivery note etc).
Goto NACE t.code
Select Billing (V3)

|
Click on Output types

|
Now scroll down and identify the required output type (Ex: invoice) and select it

|
Now double click on Processing routines

|
Now click on Change icon to include our form name and program name

Save
9. What are the methods to debug the scripts?
Ans. Two ways to debug sap script.
first way is go to SE 71 and from menu bar select Utilities>activate debugger .then go to SE38 execute the print program ,it
automatically goes to debugging mode.
The other way is, run the program RSTXDBUG in se38. Execute it.
A message will show that debugger is activated .now open the print program
in se38.u will notice that the print program is automatically diverted to
debugging mode.
10. Procedure of uploading data using bapi?
11. Difference b/w elementary search help and collective search
help?
Ans. 1) Elementary search helps describe a search path. The elementary search
help must define where the data of the hit list should be read from (selection
method), how the exchange of values between the screen template and selection
method is implemented (interface of the search help) and how the online input help
should
be
defined
(online
behavior
of
the
search
help).
2) Collective search helps combine several elementary search helps. Collective
search help thus can offer
Several alternative search paths.
3) An elementary search help defines the standard flow of an input help.
4) A collective search help combines several elementary search helps. The user can
thus choose one of several alternative search paths with collective search help.
5) A collective search help comprises several elementary search helps. It combines
all the search paths that are meaningful for a field.
6) Both elementary search helps and other search helps can be included in a
collective search help. If other collective search helps are contained in collective
search help, they are expanded to the level of the elementary search helps when
the input help is called.

12. Diff b/w function module and remote function module(RFCS)?

13. ENHANCEMENT FRAME WORK?

Ans. The Enhancement Framework enables you to add functionality to

standard SAP software without actually changing the original repository objects and
to organize these enhancements as effectively as possible.
The basic idea of the Enhancement Framework is to make modification-free
enhancements of development objects such as programs, function modules, global
classes, and Web Dynpro components. It is the new state-of-the-art technology that
SAP recommends to enhance and change SAP programs. These technologies and
the new kernel-based BAdIs are now integrated in one framework that has the
following features:

Enhancements of existing development objects on different levels - for

example, in an industry solution, in the IT department of the customer, and
in a customer's company.
Better upgrade support
Switching of enhancements with the

Switch Framework

Support for grouping enhancements and appropriate tool support for

documentation.

An enhancement project needs even more planning than a normal

development project because it combines the customer code with the code
of the underlying application. Enhancements are changes at a very low
technical level and should be performed very carefully so that they do not
violate the logic of the program they enhance. It is highly recommended to
set up a process that defines who is allowed to design and implement
enhancements.
Scope and Limitations
The new Enhancement Framework is intended to integrate existing enhancement
and modification concepts and addresses recent developments such as Web
Dynpro. The classic technology for appends and includes cooperates perfectly with
the Enhancement Framework but is not yet integrated in it. If you want to be able to
enhance all layers of an application, the classic append technology is still necessary.
Integration
The main tool for performing enhancements is the Enhancement Builder, which is
integrated in the ABAP Workbench.

The enhancements can be switched using the Switch Framework. An

enhancement takes effect when the package in which the above enhancement
components are defined is assigned to a switch of the Switch Framework and this
switch is not deactivated.

14. What is the main difference between Enhancements and BADI?

Ans. Main difference Between: Enhancements is Client Dependent BADI is client independent.
Classic enhancements can have only one Implementation. Whereas
BADI can have Multiple Implementations, Enhancement means to modify the
standard transaction based on the user requirements. But BADI is one part of
enhancement. Its full and full oops oriented concept.

ACCENTURE
1.HOW TO EDIT THE DATABASE TABLE?
Ans.
How to edit entries of table in se11 ?
To update the data of any table, go to transaction SE16N, type
&SAP_EDIT. It will activate SAP editing function.
-- Go to table and press Ctrl+ shift + F10 where you will go to table
entries. Click on F8 (execute).
And then select the entries that you want to edit by selecting the
checkbox and goto menu Table entry - > select change. There you edit
and save the entries.
-- You cannot edit entries in SE11 unless it contains a Table maintenance
generator.
So just build a Table maintenance generator.
Do not delete any entries using &SAP_EDIT...it is not recommended.
-- You can edit through debugging.

How to delete a record in SE16 ?

To delete the records from particular table its easy.
Goto : se11
- Give the table name
- Execute the table with the selection fields
- Then data (list) screen will be displayed.
- Now select the record which has to be deleted
- Select that and switch 'on' the Debugging mode press enter

- Then press F6 goes to subroutine where there is field called display

- Instead change it to edit and then save the changes then it will take
you to the screen where you can edit that records & also delete that
particular records.
Note:
After displaying the contents of the list.
Switch ON the Debug Mode the select the particular record then click
display then it will take u to Debug Screen when there is a program for
sy-ucomm then click F7 Button and then Change Code = EDIT then
save the code the afterwards it will take u to edit mode of that
particular record.
How can I insert new data in the table?
Give the transaction code as se11
In that give the table name and press display
Then in that field name above there is delivery and maintenance click
the same and change it as display maintenance allowed.

KPMG
1. What are different types of DB tables?
2. Different types of FUNCTION MODULES? And use of function
modules in ABAP?
3 types of Function modules.
Normal
Remote-enabled (RFC)
Update
NORMAL FUNCTION MODULE:
Function modules are procedures that are defined in function groups (special
ABAP programs with type F) and can be called from any ABAP program.
Function groups act as containers for function modules that logically belong
together, Function modules allow you to encapsulate and reuse global
functions in the R/3 System. They are stored in a central library, unlike
subroutines, you do not define function modules in the source code of your
program.
REMOTE FUNCTION MODULE (RFC):

RFC (Remote Function Call) is an extension of CALL FUNCTION in a

distributed environment. Existing function modules can be executed from
within a remote system (R/2 or R/3) via an
RFC Call. Adding a Destination clause to the CALL FUNCTION statement does
this.
The destination parameter displays an entry in the RFCDES table (which is
defined with t.code SM59). This entry contains all necessary parameters to
connect to and log in the destination system. The RFC API on OS/2, Windows,
Windows NT and all R/3 based UNIX platforms makes it
possible to use the RFC functionality between an SAP System and a non SAP
System.
UPDATE FUNCTION MODULE:
These function modules are used to update the database tables. Using the
function module in updating the database table helps in updating the
database without any irregularities.
3. what is UPDATE function module in sap bap? How to create it? And whats
the use of
UPDATE function module?
4. difference b/w normal function modules and BAPis?
5. how to upload the data using BDCs?
6. what is module pool? What you done in MODULE POOL?
7. t.codes for reports and table maintenance generator?
8. HOW TO upload the 1000 records of excel sheet using Table Maintanace
Genereator?
9. how to edit the classical reports?
10. how to copy the reports from one client to another client?

Mindtree & hcl

1. Prerequisite for read and for all entries?
Ans. Prerequisite for READ statement is, we must sort the internal table
before reading.

Read statement is basically to read an internal table...while mentioning the

key they should be in the same order as they appear...we can use binary
search statement
as well in READ. But the perquisite for it is that the table should be sorted as
per the key...
FOR ALL ENTRIES is used to replace nested select loops by operations on
internal tables.
Things to be considered when working with 'for all entries':
1) Make sure that the select contains atleast the primary key fields
2) IF NOT <ITAB> IS INITIAL. is a mandatory check before FOR ALL ENTRIES.
2. How to fill segments in IDOC( randomly or one by one if there are
1 parent and 2 child segments)?
3. How SAP handles Child Idoc segment data insertion
automatically ?
4. Function modules in IDOCS?
5. What is constructor?
6. When u prefer call transaction and when u prefers session
method?
7. When u go for BDC and when u go for BAPI ?
8. How to edit alv reports output?
Ans. In ALV Reports, the output is displayed by using the function module:
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY or REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
Input for the above function modules is program name and fieldcatalog and
data internal table.
You can edit the records in the output list by using EDIT = 'X' option in the
field catalog.
While filling the field catalog we have to consider the field EDIT = 'X'.
But this is used for print purpose only we cannot save into database.

Questions asked in
Interviews
After Observing many interviews. Finally I come up with the following
questions which are mostly asked in all the big companies including SAP
Labs, Accenture, IBM, Deloitte, TCS, and Infosys etc

8. What is partner selection?

Ans. This concept is mainly used in IDOC where u select the partner profile
using Tcode We20 .with Tcode SM59 you create RFC(remote function call) to
create communication link to a remote system.
10. What is occurs in internal table?
Ans. Occurs addition to the Declaration will give initial size to that table.
Occur statement allocates 8kb of memory to the internal table.
12. What is the difference between scrolling a table horizontally and
vertically..??
Ans. In table control when you scroll a table vertically presentation server
needs to call application server to fetch the next record and display in the
table while in case of horizontal scroll there is no need to call application
server.
13. What are Field Groups?
Ans. A group that combines several fields fewer than one name, at runtime,
the INSERT command is used to define which data fields are assigned to
which field group are called Field Groups. It should always be a HEADER field
group that defines how the extracted data will be sorted; the fields grouped
under the HEADER field group sort the data.

ii. Field group is old method of creating a array processing.. Like the internal
tables..From help..
A field group combines related fields together into a meaningful unit. It
provides you with a preselect ion, so that you do not have to search through
all fields of a data source just to produce a simple list.
This means that the end-user only has access to precisely those fields
assigned to a field group. Fields must be assigned to a field group before
they can be used in queries.
14. List the events in ABAP/4 Language?
Ans: The events in ABAP/4 are
Load of program,
Initialization,
AT Selection Screen,
AT Selection Screen On,
Start of Selection,
Top of page,
End of Selection,
End of page,
Line selection, User command, End, First.

15. How the values will be passed to RFC Function module

PassbyValue or passbyreference?
Ans: always pass by Value.
RFC is Remote Function call so it cant access the values with Pass by
reference.
16. Buffering concept usage?
Ans: There are three type of buffer
1 single record buffering
2 generic buffers
3 full buffer
Buffering is use for improve performance. it improves performance 10 to
100 times more

17. Select up to 1 row and select single difference?

Ans: Select single fetches first matching record. If more than one matching
records are there then only the first matching record will be considered other
records will not be taken into account. (It is based on primary key).
Whereas select up to 1 rows will fetch all the matching records from the
database.(Again it will assign only One Record to the internal table/Work
area).(it is based on all records).
Ans2: Select Single * will pick up only one matching record from the
database into the buffer, and returns the same to the internal table.
Select up to 1 row will pick up all the records matching the condition
into the buffer, but return the top record to the internal table.
18. What are the different buffering methods?
There are two different buffering methods
The system ensures that data transfer between the R/3 System and the
database system is as efficient as possible. To do this, it uses the following
techniques:
Table buffering: The program accesses data from the buffer of the application
server.
Database request buffering: Individual database entries are not read or
passed to the database until required by an OPEN SQL statement.
19. Different types of locks?
Read lock (shared lock)
Protects read access to an object. The read lock allows other transactions
read access but not write access to the locked area of the table.
Write lock (exclusive lock)
Protects write access to an object. The write lock allows other transactions
neither read nor write access to the locked area of the table.
Enhanced write lock (exclusive lock without cumulation)
Works like a write lock except that the enhanced write lock also protects
from further accesses from the same transaction.
20. CHAIN END CHAIN?
Ans: Chain and end chain are used for multiple field validation in Module pool
programming .It is written inside the screen flow logic.
21. How to Debug RFC Function module?
Ans:

SE38 > Utilities > Settings > ABAP Editor > Debugging

Activate the external debugging and choose the New Debugger option in
ABAP debugger.
Go to the particular place in the code and put break point, pop will appear
then choose the HTTP break point.
If you are triggering the RFC from SAP portal make sure that both the user ID
should be same
If the users are different then provide the XI/Portal User ID in the users field.
23. Difference between user exit and BADIs?
Ans: User exit is for single implementation and it is procedural approach
while BADIs are for multiple implementations and object oriented approach.
Multiple implementations means Reusability because we use OOPS
Concepts for BADI.
24. Control break events in ABAP:1. AT-FIRST: This is used when we want to execute the statements before
records are processed.
2. AT-NEW: This event is used when we want to execute the statement before
group of records are processed.
3. AT-END: This event is used when we want to execute the statements after
processing of group of records.
4. AT-LAST: This event is used when we want to execute the statements after
all records are processed.

25.I am uploading 100 records out of which say 59th record has
error so what will happen if i am using synchronous or asynchronous
method of BDC? Can we update the database using local update
mode how?
26. Suppose i am writing following code then what will be output?
LOAD-OF-PROGRAM.
WRITE:/HELLO.
Ans: HELLO

(Explain the importance of LOAD-OF-PROGRAM Event. If you dont know Tell

the interviewer as this event is used in such cases when you want to clear
sum buffers or something Before calling that Program)

27. What is TMG?

Ans. TMG stands for Table Maintenance generator. It is a tool available in
abap by which we can add or delete multiple records at a time and it is
executed or triggered by the transaction code SM30.
28. Difference between select option and ranges?
Ans. The main difference between select option and Ranges is that ranges
implicitly or automatically creates internal table with fields like OPTION, LOW,
HIGH, SIGN, etc.
Where as in case of select option we have to explicitly create internal table.
When u declares select options it will implicitly declare an internal table
(ranges) for you.
While using RANGES syntax u can declare internal table explicitly.
The only need of declaring ranges is when you r not taking input from the
user but you want make limit based selection at that time it will be use full
e.g. SELECT ** from ** where MATNR in val_range.
Here u can use select-option or ranges: val_range.
29. Is it possible to bring select option in module pool screens?
Ans. Create SELECT-OPTIONS in module pool screen using two methods as
shown.
Method 1:
a) Create a subscreen area in your screen layout where you want to create
the select options.
b) In the top include of your module pool program declare a selection screen
as a subscreen e.g.

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 100 AS SUBSCREEN.

Select-options s_matnr for mara-matnr.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF SCREEN.
c) In the PBO and PAI of the main screen where the select options needs to
be created do a call subscreen of the above screen (100).
CALL SUBCREEN sub_area INCLUDING <program> <screen>
This CALL SUBSCREEN statement is necessary for transport of values
between screen and program.
Note: All validations of the selection screen fields e.g. the s_matnr field
created above should be done in selection screen events like AT SELECTIONSCREEN etc and not in PAI. These selection screen validations etc should be
done in the top include only.
Method 2:a) Create 2 separate fields in your screen layout one for the low value and
one for the high value. Insert an icon beside the high value which will call the
multiple selections popup screen on user command. Use function module
COMPLEX_SELECTIONS_DIALOG to achieve this.
continued
struc_tab_and_field-fieldname = con_cust. KUNNR
struc_tab_and_field-tablename = con_kna1. KNA1.
CALL FUNCTION COMPLEX_SELECTIONS_DIALOG EXPORTING*
TITLE =
text = g_titl1 Customers
tab_and_field = struc_tab_and_field
TABLES RANGE = rng_kunnr
EXCEPTIONS
NO_RANGE_TAB = 1
CANCELLED = 2
INTERNAL_ERROR = 3
INVALID_FIELDNAME = 4
OTHERS = 5.
IF NOT rng_kunnr[] IS INITIAL.
* Read the very first entry of the range table and pass it to
* dynpro screen field
*READ TABLE rng_kunnr INDEX 1.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
g_cust = rng_kunnr-low.
ENDIF.

ENDIF.
You can use the return table rng_kunnr to populate your own internal range
table with the values entered by the user. Basically here you are just
simulating the work of a select-options parameter by module pool screen
elements.
30. how we can retrieve data using secondary index. Explain with
simple example
Ans: First create secondary indexes on required fields of a particular
database table.
We can create one primary index and 15 secondary indexes. Once the
respective secondary indexes are created write select queries and within
select queries specify secondary indexes field name with where clause.
31.How can we handle table control in BDC?
Ans. We can handle table control using line index
Line index indicates which line of Table control is to be use for BDC
transaction
Ex - perform bdc_field using RC29K-AUSKZ(01)
Indicates 1st line of table control is going to be used for transaction which is
Line index of Table Control
32. If i want to execute a BDC program only in background not in
foreground is there any option for this?
Ans. The sm37 transaction can be used for running a program in the
background. Also in the session method while processing the session you can
specify the processing type as background or foreground.
33.How Can We upload a text file having Delimiters in to Legacy
System
Ans. For up loading text file we use the pre-defined FM gui_upload. in that FM
we have the parameter has_field_seperator for that we assign the default
delimiter x.
HAS_FIELD_SEPERATOR X
X can provide the Whatever delimiter we used in flat file for separation.

34. What is the land scape in sap?

Ans. In every organization sap landscape involves three servers viz,
Development server, Quality server and Production server. Whatever new
development we do as per clients requirement is done in development
server. Later to test the developed object we move it to quality server for
testing and finally once everything goes clear then the object is moved to
production server, production server data is ready for final business use.
35. Workbench request are client dependent or client independent
Ans. Workbench request are client independent.
(Common Man Workbench request holds the Program, FM etc. How it can
be Client Dependent!!!!)
36. Tell me about workbench request and customization requests.
Ans. Workbench (ABAP Dev) request is client independent when you
import it into one system it reflect it in all client in same system.
But customized request has to import in that client particular client where it
is created, actually it is client dependent.

Ownqs:- Different types of DB tables?

Transparent Table: Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as

well as in database exactly with the same data and fields.
Pooled Table: Pooled tables are logical tables that must be assigned to a
table pool when they are defined. Pooled tables are used to store control
data. Several pooled tables can be combined in a table pool. The data of
these pooled tables are then sorted in a common table in the database.
Cluster Table: Cluster tables are logical tables that must be assigned to a
table cluster when they are defined. Cluster tables can be used to store
control data. They can also be used to store temporary data or texts, such
as documentation.
Q. Could anyone tell me what is the major difference between
Standard tables, Pooled tables and Clustered Tables?
A transparent table is a table that stores data directly. You can read these
tables directly on the database from outside SAP with for instance an SQL
statement.
Transparent table is a one to one relation table i.e. when you create one
transparent table then exactly same table will create in data base and if is
basically used to store transaction data.
A clustered and a pooled table cannot be read from outside SAP because
certain data are clustered and pooled in one field.
One of the possible reasons is for instance that their content can be variable
in length and build up. Database manipulations in Abap are limited as well.
But pool and cluster table is a many to one relationship table. This means
many pool table store in a database table which is known as table pool.
All the pool table stored table in table pool does not need to have any foreign
key relationship but in the case of cluster table it is must. And pool and
cluster table is basically use to store application data.
Table pool can contain 10 to 1000 small pool table which has 10 to 100
records. But cluster table can contain very big but few (1 to 10) cluster table.
For pool and cluster table you can create secondary index and you can use
select distinct, group for pool and cluster table. You can use native SQL
statement for pool and cluster table.
A structure is a table without data. It is only filled by program logic at the
moment it is needed starting from tables.

A view is a way of looking at the contents of tables. It only contains the

combination of the tables at the basis and the way the data needs to be
represented. You actually call directly upon the underlying tables.
5. Difference between .include and .append?
Ans. Include structure allows to add one or more structure into structure or
table. Also placed positioning anywhere. Up to 6 include structure can be
used in a table.
Append structure can be placed only at the end of a structure or
table which also stops further insertion of fields. Only one append structure
can be used.
Ans2. 1. Append structure: it will add Fields to the table from last. We
can't use that structure in another table.
2. Include structure: we can add fields in middle. We can use include
structure in more than one table.
1. Append structure must be appended only at the end of the table.....
But whereas we can include "include structure" anywhere in the table.
2. Append structure must be used only once in a table..
Whereas include structure can be used more than one time in a table
3.we cant nest append structure
but whereas include structure can be nested to a depth of 9 structure
Different types of tables?
Tables are 3 types:
1) Transparent table: It is the table which is physically having the data
All the created tables using SE11 as default are Transparent
2) Pooled table: it is the imaginary table which is used to store the temporary data
3) Clustered table: It is also imaginary table which is used to store the temporary
Data like Documentation etc
Comparison of Transparent, Pool and Cluster tables

Transparent

Pool

Cluster

Contain a single
table. Used to store
master data

They are used to

hold a large
number of very
small tables(stores
customizing data
or system data)

They are used to

hold data from a
few number of
large tables.(stores
system data)

It has a one-to-one
relationship with a
table in the
database

It has a many-toone relationship

with a table in the
database

It has a many-toone relationship

with table in the
database

For each
transparent table
there is one
associated table in
the database

It is stored with
other pooled tables
in a single table
called table pool in
the database

Many cluster tables

are stored in a
single table in the
database called a
table cluster

The database table

has the same
name, same
number of fields
and the fields have
the same names

The database table

has different name,
different number of
fields and fields
have different
names

The database table

has different name,
different number of
fields and fields
have different
names

There is only a
single table

Table pools contain

more tables than
table clusters

Contains less tables

than table pools

Single table can

have one or more
primary key

Primary key of
each table does not
begin with same
fields or fields

Primary key of each

table begins with
same fields or
fields

Secondary indexes
can be created

Secondary indexes
cannot be created

Secondary indexes
cannot be created

They can be
accessed using
open and native
SQL

They can be
accessed using
open SQL only

They can be
accessed using
open SQL only

USE: They are used

to hold master data
e.g. Table vendors
or table of
customers.
Example of
transaction data is
orders placed by

USE: They reduce

the amount of
database resources
needed when many
small tables have
to be opened at the
same time

USE: They would be

used when the
tables have
primary key in
common and data
in these tables are
all accesses

customers

simultaneously

Difference b/w pooled and cluster tables?

pooled tables: these r small tables having 100 records in each of

them! But, these tables were used for storing the system data! in these
tables there will be no keys! These tables r having many - to - one
relationship! These tables r having different names which doesnt match with
database tables.
Ans.

cluster tables: these r very large tables so many records in each of them!
But, these tables were used for storing the system data! in these tables at
least one primary key will be present to find the record! these tables r having
many - to - one relationship!
these tables were used by basis people to calculate the system performance!
Delivery class and Data class?
Delivery class: it controls the transport of the data from one system (Ex:
Development) to another system (Ex: Testing).
Delivery class
Description
A: Application table
Master data& transactional data
C: customizing table
Table storing for temporary data
Data class: it identifies the location in data base server where the created
table will be saved. i.e. specifies the location whether Master data location
or Transactional data or Organizational data location.
APPL0: master data (frequently read, rarely updated. Ex:
vendor & customer details).
APPL1: transaction data (frequently read & frequently
updated. Ex: material prices, no.of.items).
APPL2: Organization data: (rarely updated. Ex: company
name, logo).
Data Element & Domain?
Data element: it is the combination of Domain and Field label
Domain: It maintains the Data type and length. Also value range for the
table can be maintained.

Search help?
it is used to display the list of all possible input values for a screen
field to give as an input to the table.
There are two types
1) Elementary Search help: In this, all possible input values will be extracted
from one table and displayed.
2) Collective Search help: it is the combination of different elementary search
helps. In this, all possible input values will be extracted from multiple
(Different) tables And displayed as an input
Lock Object?
it is used to provide the protection for the database table and also to
avoid the inconsistence at the time of data is being read or write to DB table
There are 3 types
1)
READ LOCK(Shared lock)
It allows read access for other transactions but not write access to locked
area of table data
2) WRITE LOCK
It allows write access for other transactions but not read access to locked
area of table data
3)
Enhanced lock
This is advance write lock
Whenever lock object applies on a table, two function modules will work.
Those are 1) ENQUE: It is used to lock the table while a command is working
on table
2) DEQUE: It is used to unlock the table after command working is
complete
Note: Lock object name should start with EY or EZ.

Table maintenance generator?

it is an SAP provided option to enter(create) multiple records(data) into

the table and to modify the existing data and to delete the existing data(one
or multiple records tcode:SM30).
Difference b/w PARAMETERS and SELECT-OPTIONS?
PARAMETERS: It is used to accept the input as a single value
Syntax:
Parameters: p_name like <wa-fieldname>
Or
Parameters p_name like <variable>
Note: parameter should be filled while passing to the select statement to
extract the data
SELECT-OPTIONS: it is a key word which accepts single value, multiple single
values
Single ranges and multiple single ranges.

Difference b/w FM and SUBROUTINES?

DIFFERENCE B/W FORALL ENTRIES AND INNER JOIN?

In order to avoid nested select statements we can go for "FOR ALL

ENTRIES". First fetch values from database table to internal table and only for
the values in the internal table we can fetch values from other database
table based on conditions in the where clause.
it is mandatory that we have to declare all the primary keys in either select
Stmt or in where condition. or else duplicate records will not get selected.
ii. INNER JOIN:
Inner join used for combine two tables.
Support u can fetch two tables. U can write select query two time .data base
fetch time take two time read from db.
So using primary key we easy write inner join. but both table primary key
and both field refer same field.
DIFFERENCE B/W INTERNAL TABLE AND WORK AREA?

Internal table: it is used to hold the multiple records and it is a

temporary storage location in application server.
i.e. The data inside
an internal table was not saved anywhere in SAP. Internal tables are dynamic
memory storage locations and hence need not to provide the size.
The scope of an internal table is inside a program only.
One of the syntax for declaring internal table
DATA <int tab> LIKE TABLE OF <DB table>.
Or
DATA <int tab> LIKE TABLE OF <STRUCTURE>.
Ex: Data it_tab like table of zstd.

(ZSTD is a database table)

WORKAREA: It is used to hold once record at a time and also it is used to

increase performance of the data processing.
Syntax: DATA <WA> like line of <int tab>
Ex: DATA wa_std like line of it_std.

Different types of internal tables?

Internal tables are 2 types 1) INDEX
2) Hashed
Index internal tables are again two types: 1) Standard int table
2) Sorted int table
STANDARD int table:
It allows duplicate records
No need to maintain unique or non-unique key
Record will be added to int table with APPEND key word
Records will be searched using linear search
Int table will be sorted using SORT key word explicitly
Syntax:
Data: <int_tab> like STANDARD table of <wa>.
SORTED int table
It doesnt allows the duplicate records
At least one field should be unique/non-unique key
Records will be added to int table using INSERT key word
Binary search is used to search the records from int table
No need to sort the int table because as a default int table will be sorted

Syntax:
Data: <int tab> like SORTED table of <wa> with UNIQUE/NON-UNIQUE KEY
<F1>.
2) HASHED int table
It also doesnt allows the duplicate records
At least one field should be unique
Records will be added using INSERT key word
Mid- point algorithm is used to search the records from int table.
Syntax:
Data: <int tab> like HASHED table of <WA> WITH UNIQUE KEY <F1>.
INITIALIZATION TECHNIQUES:
These techniques are used to initial (empty) the WA and int table
1) CLEAR: it is used to clear the content of the work area.
Syntax: CLEAR <WA>.
2) REFRESH : it is used to clear the content of the internal table
Syntax: Refresh <int name>.
3) FREE: it is used to clear the content of the internal table and memory
allocated to int table.
Syntax: Free <int table>.
READING THE DATA FROM INTERNAL TABLE?
READ is the key word to get a single record from the internal table into WA
or variable with key combination.
Syntax:
READ TABLE <int table> INTO <wa> WITH KEY
<Condition> .
Or
READ TABLE <int table> INTO <wa> WITH KEY
<Condition> BINARY SEARCH.
Note: int table need to be sorted when BINARY SEARCH is used for standard
table or hashed table.
difference b/w subroutine and function module?
There is a difference between a Subroutine and Function Module.
1. Subroutines have no Exceptions Parameters.
FM have Exceptions parameters to catch the exceptions.
2. Subroutines can be accessed locally i.e. local Modularization Unit.

FM have Global Access i.e. they are Global Modularization Unit.

3. Subroutines can not be tested independently.
FM can be tested independently.
4. Subroutines Explicitly wont return any values.
FM explicitly returns values.
5. Subroutines is not remote Enables.
FM can be made Remote Enables and can be called from non-SAP systems.
6. Optional parameters cannot be in Subroutines.
FM can be defined with optional Parameters.
they can both return values.
FMs are mainly used when a routine is to be performed by many programs.
Subroutines (forms) are generally only executed within one program.
You can perform routines from other programs, but it's not often done.
both forms and FMs are reusable modularization units.
To distinguish we generally say that forms are used for internal
modularization and
FMs are used for external modularization.
To decide on which to implement, consider whether you need the content to
be used just for a limited program
or wheteher it can be called from many independent programs.
For the first purpose it is better to implement a form whereas for the second
we implement an FM.
However, ABAP does not isolate the usage context.
That is; you can call a form from another program within whose code the
form is not actually implemented.
However, this requires attention since the form may utilize global variables.
The same issue holds for FMs.
FMs are encapsulated in function groups and function groups may have
global variables that can be globally
used by all FMs inside it.

Differerence b/w classical and interactive reports?

--Classical reports are normal reports. These reports are not having any sub
reports. IT IS HAVING ONLY ONE SCREEN/LIST FOR OUTPUT.

--Interactive report: we can generate 1 basic list and up to 20 secondary

lists. User interaction will be there. If u clicks on particular field in basic list it
will go to secondary list. Easy to analyze the report.
38. Events in classical Reports?
Ans1. Events in Classical report Events associated with classical report are as
follows and each one will be discussed in detail.
1. INITIALIZATION: this event triggers before the selection screen. It is
used to select the default values in selection screen.
2. AT SELECTION-SCREEN: this event trigger after giving the input and
before leaving the selection screen. It is used to validate the given input in
the selection screen.
3. AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON
4. START-OF-SELECTION : this event trigger after leaving the selectionscreen and before extracting data. It is used to extracting data.
5. TOP-OF-PAGE : it will trigger at top of each page .is used to provide
header information.
6. END-OF-SELECTION :this is used processing the data and display the
data.this will trigger after extracting the data before processing the data.
7. END-OF-PAGE : this will trigger at end of each page. This used to provide
the footer information.
39. Events in Interactive reports?
Events associated with Interactive Reports are:
AT LINE-SELECTION: It will trigger when ever user double click on any record
of any list.
Advantage: It is used to pass the list number on which double clicked to the
next list.
AT USER-COMMAND: It will trigger when we click on any menu items.
AT PF-STATUS: it will trigger when we click on any function keys
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION: it will trigger at the top of secondary
list
Advantage: it is used to provide the header in the secondary list.
40. Difference b/w HIDE and GET cursor?
Ans1. Hide: it will stores the selected values in a temporary storage area.
When using hide if we click anywhere (ex: blank spaces also) in the
basic list it will displays the secondary list. This is the main
disadvantage with hide.

HIDE wa_kna1-kunnr.
Get cursor: when using the get cursor if we click on the particular
field it will display the secondary list.
GET CURSOR FIELD value.
Ans2.HIDE is used generally when you want to display secondary lists in
your output before using write statement. The field which is used in hide
statement is used to display the output in the secondary lists.
Get cursor is used for referring all the fields of an internal table.
39. What is TYPE-GROUP?
You use type groups to store user-defined data types or constants in the
ABAP Dictionary for cross-program use.
In your ABAP program, you declare type groups with the TYPE-POOLS
statement as follows:
Syntax
TYPE-POOLS <name>.
This statement allows you to use all the data types and constants defined in
the type group <name> in your program. You can use several type groups in
the same program.
You maintain type groups either by choosing Tools ABAP Workbench
Development ABAP Dictionary or directly from your ABAP program.
39. What is type-pools?
Ans. The TYPE-POOL statement must be the first statement of a type group
following the triggering of possible include programs, and introduces this
type group. You can only maintain type groups in the ABAP Dictionary tool of
the ABAP Workbench, whereby an ABAP program is automatically generated
including the TYPE-POOL statement.
Type groups can only contain the statements

INCLUDE,
TYPES,

TYPE-POOLS,

CONSTANTS,

DEFINE and END-OF-DEFINITION,

CLASS DEFINITION with additions DEFERRED PUBLIC or LOAD

--Type pool SLIS is used in ALV as all related data types are defined in type
pool

Function modules in ALV?

REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE: This is used in the Top-of-page event
to print the headings and other comments for the list and also logos.
Parameters:
I. it_list_commentary : internal table with the headings of the type
slis_t_listheader.
This internal table has three fields:
Type: H header, S selection , A - action
Key: only when type is S.
Info: the text to be printed
REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY : This is the function module which prints
the data.
The important parameters are :
I. Export :
i. I_callback_program : report id
ii. I_callback_pf_status_set : routine where a user can set his own pf status or
change the functionality of the existing pf status
iii. I_callback_user_command : routine where the function codes are handled
iv. I_structure name : name of the dictionary table
v. Is_layout : structure to set the layout of the report

vi. It_fieldcat : internal table with the list of all fields and their attributes
which are to be printed (this table can be populated automatically by the
function module REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE
vii. It_events : internal table with a list of all possible events of ALV and their
corresponding form names.
II. Tables :
i. t_outtab : internal table with the data to be output
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY: A new function in 4.6 version, to display the
results in grid rather than as a preview.
Parameters: same as reuse_alv_list_display
REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE: This function module is used to
populate a fieldcatalog which is essential to display the data in ALV. If the
output data is from a single dictionary table and all the columns are selected,
then we need not exclusively create the field catalog. Its enough to mention
the table name as a parameter (I_structure name) in the
REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY. But in other cases we need to create it.
The Important Parameters are :
I. Export :
i. I_program_name : report id
ii. I_internal_tabname : the internal output table
iii. I_inclname : include or the report name where all the dynamic forms are
handled.

II Changing
ct_fieldcat : an internal table with the type SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV which is
declared in the type pool SLIS.
REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET : Returns table of possible events for a list
type
Parameters :
I. Import :
Et_Events : The event table is returned with all possible CALLBACK events
for the specified list type (column 'NAME'). For events to be processed by
Callback, their 'FORM' field must be filled. If the field is initialized, the event

is ignored. The entry can be read from the event table, the field 'FORM' filled
and the entry modified using constants from the type pool SALV.
II. Export :
I_List_type :
0 = simple list REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
1 = hierarchcal-sequential list REUSE_ALV_HIERSEQ_LIST_DISPLAY
2 = simple block list REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_APPEND
3 = hierarchical-sequential block list
REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_HS_APPEND
REUSE_ALV_HIERSEQ_LIST_DISPLAY
Parameters:
I. Export:
i. I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM
ii. I_CALLBACK_PF_STATUS_SET
iii. I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND
iv. IS_LAYOUT
v. IT_FIELDCAT
vi. IT_EVENTS
vii. i_tabname_header : Name of the internal table in the program containing
the
output data of the highest hierarchy level.
viii. i_tabname_item : Name of the internal table in the program containing
the
output data of the lowest hierarchy level.
ix. is_keyinfo : This structure contains the header and item table field
names which link the two tables (shared key).
II. Tables
i. t_outtab_header : Header table with data to be output
ii. t_outtab_item : Name of the internal table in the program containing the
output data of the lowest hierarchy level.
slis_t_fieldcat_alv : This internal table contains the field attributes. This
internal
table
can
be
populated
automatically
by
using
REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE.
Important Attributes :
A. col_pos : position of the column
B. fieldname : internal fieldname

C. tabname : internal table name

D. ref_fieldname : fieldname (dictionary)
E. ref_tabname : table (dictionary)
F. key(1) : column with key-color
G. icon(1) : icon
H. symbol(1) : symbol
I. checkbox(1) : checkbox
J. just(1) : (R)ight (L)eft (C)ent.
K. do_sum(1) : sum up
L. no_out(1) : (O)blig.(X)no out
M. outputlen : output length
N. seltext_l : long key word
O. seltext_m : middle key word
P. seltext_s : short key word
Q. reptext_ddic : heading (ddic)
R. ddictxt(1) : (S)hort (M)iddle (L)ong
S. datatype : datatype
T. hotspot(1) : hotspot

Events in Alv reports?

These are the main events that are used in an ALV report.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

USER_COMMAND
TOP_OF_PAGE
PF_STATUS_SET
TOP_OF_LIST
END_OF_PAGE

6. END_OF_LIST
7. SUBTOTAL_TEXT

what is slis_t_fieldcat_alv?
slis_t_fieldcat_alv : This internal table contains the field attributes. This
internal
table
can
be
populated
automatically
by
using
REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE.

LSMW:
What is the LSM Workbench?
The LSM Workbench is an R/3-based tool that supports single or periodic data
transfer from your non-SAP system to R/3
What are the core functions of the LSM Workbench?
Importing legacy data from PC spreadsheet tables or sequential files
Converting data from its original (legacy system) format to the target (R/3)
format
Importing the data using the standard interfaces of R/3 (IDoc inbound
processing, batch input, direct input)
Which data can be migrated using the LSM Workbench?
By means of standard transfer programs: a wide range of master data (e.g.
G/L accounts, customer master, vendor master, material master, bills of
material) and transaction data (e.g. financial documents, sales orders)
By means of recording of transactions: further data objects (if the transaction
can be run in batch input mode)
Can I be certain that the imported data is consistent?
Yes. The data is loaded via the standard interfaces of the applications. This
will include all checks that are run for online transactions. Invalid data will be
rejected.
Can I be certain that conversions are carried out identically across the
applications?
Yes. The LSM Workbench works on the principle of central (reusable) rules.
This approach guarantees that, for example, the material number is

converted in the same way wherever the reusable rule is used for
conversion.
Do I need an extensive knowledge of ABAP to use the LSM Workbench?
No. The LSM workbench provides the main conversion techniques at the
push of a button. For complex conversions, individual ABAP coding can be
added.
Do I have to migrate table by table?
No. Business objects such as material master, customer master or FI
document are migrated
Can I transfer data that is on my PC?
Yes. The LSM workbench can read the data directly from your PC. Only when
using the periodic interface, the data has to be on a server accessible by R/3
Is the LSM Workbench part of the standard R/3 system?
No. The LSM Workbench can be downloaded for free from SAPNET:
http://service.sap.com/LSMW
Is there an extra charge for the LSM Workbench?
No. The LSM Workbench is available free of charge to SAPs customers and
partners
Is there an LSM training course?
There is no specific training course for LSMW
LSMW is part of the 5-day standard training BC420
Workshops at customer site are done at customers charge
Examples in the media center can be used for self-study
Can I migrate from R/3 to R/3 via LSMW?
Yes, but:
Export has to be programmed
Source structures have to be defined
Fields of the source structures can be loaded from the dictionary
Mapping has to be done manually a lot of fields!! Automatic fieldmapping
might be used
Import of large data amounts can take a lot of time (most of the time data

amount is higher than for Migration from legacy systems)

History data can not be build up most of the time
Can I build periodic interfaces using LSMW?
Yes. It is possible to build periodic interfaces using the frame program
/SAPDMC/SAP_LSMW_INTERFACE
You can download these faq as presentation too,

BDC(scn)
1)What is BDC ?
2)What is call transaction method ? what is the syntax/procedure?
3)What is session method and what is the syntax/procedure?
4)Difference between call transaction & session method?
5)which of these methods can be best used in background process?
6)What is direct input method?
7)How LSMW is advantageous than normal BDC?
8)what are the steps in lsmw?
9)IN LSMW can you use BAPI, ?
10)Can you call a bdc from a report program?
11)what is the difference between synchronus & asynchronus methods?
12)call transaction uses synchronus or synchronus method?
13)session method uses synchronus or synchronus method?
14)What is bapi?
15)how bapi is different from call transaction/session?
16)what r the advantages of bapi?

17)for uploading master data(ex:customer data) into sap, which methods

you prefer? call
transaction/session/lsmw/bapi? why?
18)tell any 2 standard bapi function modules used for
uploading sales order data?
Answers.
1 BDC is used to upload the data from the legacy system to SAP
2 Call transaction is one of the method in BDC
Syntx is: CALL TRANSACTION T_CODE USING BDCDATA MODE 'N' UPDATE
'S' MESSAGES INTO MESSTAB
3) Session method is one of the method in BDC,, we use the Function
moduels in this one, BDC_OPEN_GROUP, BDC_INSERT and
BDC_CLOSE_GROUP.
4) Session method.
4.1) synchronous processing.
4.2) can tranfer large amount of data.
4.3) processing is slower.
4.4) error log is created
4.5) data is not updated until session is processed.

Call transaction.
4.1) asynchronous processing
4.2) can transfer small amount of data
4.3) processing is faster.
4.4) errors need to be handled explicitly

4.5) data is updated automatically

5) Call transaction is best
6) Direct i/p method Consistency checks are executed by function
modules.Its performance wise better then batch i/p and call tarnsaction bcoz
both the above methods Consistency Check are executed with the help of
screen logic.
7) In LSMW, we do not write that much of code, and the code will be
generated bu system just can run the program by using the Mouse
8)
http://www.sapbrain.com/TOOLS/LSMW/SAP_LSMW_steps_introduction.html
9) Yes, you can use the BAPI
10) Yes, you can call a BDC from a Report
11) synchronous means it will update the records directly when the both
servers are up, in the asynchronous mode, it will update the data when the
server is up
12) Call transaction method use Both synchronous and asynchronous.
13) Session method method use Both synchronous and asynchronous.
14) BAPI is a RFC enabled function module
15) BAPI will update the Database directly where as the call transaction
method/ session method will go and insert the records in the transaction
16) BAPI is used only when it is available for the particular transaction like
Delivery Sales order. but BDC can be used for any transaction which have
screen and fields.
BAPI is directly updated the database instead BDC run through the screen
flow. So BAPI can't handle all the flow logic checking and enhancement put
by programmer to faciliate the user requirement.
17) LSMW is better
18) Goto BAPI Transaction code and see the BAPI's there
----------------------

1. Can we write the code both call transaction and session method
in single program?
Ans. Yes it is possible to write call transaction and session in one program.
2. Which BDC you prefer?
Ans. If we want to transfer large amount of data and when we need to use
more than one transaction code we prefer session method. For small or
less amount of data and for single transaction use call transaction.
(This is more generic answer but you can add more on to this if you have
worked on BDC)
3. When u prefer LSMW?
Ans. When we need to update medium amount of data we use LSMW. LSMW
is also used when the person like functional consultant has less programming
language.

37. What is module pool program in abap?

Ans: Module pool programs are created in abap development work bench
(TCODE: SE80). Module pool programs are also called dialog programs.
The
manage the
you can see
ones, add all

module Pool are reports prepared for different screens and to

sequence of events of these screens, in the transaction SE80
all the dynpros that you have for this kind of report, add new
types of element to the report.

Process before Output is the part of the dynpro code that is processed before
the user can do anything with the data in the screen
Process after Input is the part of the dynpro code that is processed after the
interaction with the user.
Module pool programs are executed using Tcodes .

II. A transaction is dialog program that change data objects in a consistent

way
A user friendly user interface.

Format and consistency checks for the data entered by the user.
Easy correction of input errors.
Access to data by storing it in the data bases.

39. Difference between CALL TRANSACTION and SESSION Method

Call Transaction method

In this method, the ABAP/4 program
uses the call transaction <T-code >
using <bdc_tab> mode <mode>
update <update > method.

Classical or session method

In this method, ABAP/4 program read
the external data that is to be
entered to the SAP system and stores
the data in the batch input session.

In Call Transaction, the

transactions are triggered at the
time of processing itself and so the
ABAP program must do the
error handling.

When the prgm has finished creating

the session, we can run the session
thro the TC SM35. This method
involves FM like
BDC_OPEN,BDC_INSERT,BDC_CLOSE
Whereas in Batch Input Sessions, the
ABAP
program creates a session with all
the transactional data, and this
session can be viewed, scheduled
and processed (using
Transaction SM35) at a later time.
The later technique has a built-in
error processing mechanism too.
Asynchronous Processing

Synchronous Processing
We can update the database both
synchronously and asynchronously.
We can specify the mode in the
program.

Synchronous Database update.

No batch input processing log

Detailed Log will be generated for all

the sessions

While execution it starts from the

first.

While executing it wont start from

the first. It will start from the place
where it ends with error.

Faster than session method

Not as fast as call transaction

During processing, no transaction is

started until the previous transaction
has been written to the database.

method

Write the BDCDATA table structure.

BDC table structure
FIELD
TYPE
Program
CHAR(8)
transaction
DynPro
CHAR(4)
transaction
DynBegin
CHAR(1)
Fnam
CHAR(35)
from screen
Fval
CHAR(80)
Write the BDC table structure.
BDC table structure
FIELD
Program
transaction
DynPro
transaction
DynBegin
Fnam
from screen
Fval

TYPE
CHAR(8)

DESCRIPTION
Program name of
Screen number of
new screen
Name of database field
Value to submit to field

DESCRIPTION
Program name of

CHAR(4)

Screen number of

CHAR(1)
CHAR(35)

Indicator for new screen

Name of database field

CHAR(80)

Value to submit to field

What is Dataset and how you use it?

ABAP/4 provides three statements for handling files:
The OPEN DATASET statement opens a file.
The CLOSE DATASET statement closes a file.
The DELETE DATASET statement deletes a file.
To open a file for read access, use the FOR INPUT option of the OPEN
DATASET statement
To open a file for write access, use the FOR OUTPUT option of the OPEN
DATASET statement
To open a file for appending data to the file, use the FOR APPENDING option
of the OPEN DATASET statement
To process a file in binary mode, use the IN BINARY MODE option of the OPEN
DATASET statement
To process a file in text mode, use the IN TEXT MODE option of the OPEN

DATASET statement
To open a file at a specific position, use the AT POSITION option of the OPEN
DATASET statement
When you work with the operating systems UNIX or WINDOWS NT, you can
send an operating system command with the statement OPEN DATASET. To
do so, use the option FILTER
To receive the operating system message after trying to open a file, use the
MESSAGE option of the OPEN DATASET statement
To close a file on the application server, use the CLOSE DATASET statement
To delete a file on the application server, use the DELETE DATASET statement
To write data to a file on the application server, use the TRANSFER statement
To read data from a file on the application server, use the READ DATASET
statement

What is BDC_OKCODE ?
The command field is identified by a special name in batch input called
BDC_OKCODE. This name is constant and always identifies the command
field.
How do you save data in BDC tables ?
The data in BDC tables is saved by using the field name BDC_OKCODE and
field value of /11
40. Difference b/w synchronous update and asynchronous update?
Synchronous update: is used to no transaction is stored until the previous
transaction has been written into the sap database.
Asynchronous: is used to the program is need not wait for the previous
transaction. Any kind of transaction is stored into the database.
How you trap errors in call Transaction?
Errors while updating the database using call transaction technique are
trapped using a structure bdcmsgcall, whose field msgtyp become e when
an error record is encountered. Those records are formatted using
format_message function call in the desired format and stored in an internal
table for listing of all error records in one shot.
38. Difference between BDC and Bapi?

 BDC stands for Batch Data Communication, Through BDC you are
going to update screens.
BAPI stands for Business Application Programming Interface. Through
bapi you are going to update Data Base Tables directly.
Whenever screen of a particular transaction changes, you need to redo the
work in case of BDC.
Whereas in case of BAPI SAP will take care as it will update the Database
Tables Directly.
BAPI is directly updated the database instead BDC run through the screen
flow.
So BAPI can't handle all the flow logic checking and enhancement put by
programmer to facilitate the user requirement.
BAPI is a higher end usage for transferring the data from SAP to non-SAP
and vice-versa. for ex: if we are using VB application, where in that we want
to connect to SAP and retrieve the data, and then change and update the
data in SAP for that purpose we can use that.
There is one more advantage using BAPI instead of BDC. When we go for
up gradation, there might be possibility to change the screen elements for
transactions depending on the requirement.
In that case, our BDC program may or may not work (depending on the
screen changes they have made).
BAPI is used only when it is available for the particular transaction like
Delivery Sales order. but BDC can be used for any transaction which have
screen and fields.

bapi supports upgradation

What need to be taken care while handling database transaction

in BAPI ?

A transaction is completed either using a COMMIT WORK command or a

ROLLBACK command. A BAPI transaction must be ended by calling the BAPIs
BapiService.TransactionCommit() or BapiService.TransactionRollback().

The call of a BAPI must not trigger further LUWs that are independent of the
BAPI. For this reason BAPIs must not contain the following commands:
CALL TRANSACTION
SUBMIT REPORT
SUBMIT REPORT AND RETURN
What is BOR (Business Object Repository) ?

The Business Object Repository (BOR) is the central access point for the SAP
business object types and their BAPIs. The BOR contains all the relevant
information on the SAP business object types, their key fields, and their BAPI
methods that are needed to integrate the correct object type definitions and
BAPI calls in an application program. This makes the integration of
middleware (such as the DCOM Connector, ActiveX Controls, CORBA
Gateway, and so on) possible.
Creates instances of SAP business objects. The runtime environment of the
BOR receives requests to create runtime objects from client applications and
creates the appropriate object instances.
What is SAP Business Objects ?

A business object type, which represents of a business entity in the SAP R/3
System, encompasses both the functionality (in the form of methods) and
the data (in the form of attributes) of this entity. The implementation details
of the business object type are hidden from the user. The business object
type is accessed through defined functions (methods). This is referred to as
encapsulation.
Business object types form the point of entry to the data and the
functionality of the SAP R/3 System. At the business object type level, both
non-SAP systems and the various SAP business components can
communicate with each other.
The business object type SalesOrder represents a customers request to
the company to supply a particular quantity of material at a certain point in
time or to perform services at a certain point in time. A specific sales order is
identified by a sales document number. The business object type contains all
the necessary information for a sales order: sold-to party, sales organization,
document date, net value of the order, and currency of the sales and
distribution document.
41. Tell any 2 standard Bapi function modules used for uploading
sales order data?

1. BAPI_SALESORDER_CREATEFROMDAT2
2. Bapi_salesorder_getstatus

3. BAPI_CUSTOMER_CREATEFROMDATA
4. BAPI_PROJECT_MAINTAIN
5. BAPI_COMPANYCODE_GETLIST
6. BAPI_COMPANYCODE_GETDETAIL
7. BAPI_CUSTOMER_GETDETAIL2
8. BAPI_PO_CREATE
9 BAPI_PO_getdetail
10. BAPI_MATERIAL_GET_DETAIL
42. Difference b/w bapi and fm?
BAPI is a remote enabled function module i.e. it can be accessed
from
anywhere and from any system, where as a normal function module can't.
* BAPI perform accurate validation checks,
Each BapiObject has Interface, Key Fields, Attributes, Methods and Events.
Bapi Function Modules can be attached to these Bapi objects.
Function module has a single bound functionality
While a BAPI object can contain many functionalities.

Commit and rollback in bapi?

Commit is the thing which saves the changes you made to the database
.it is an interface technique it is a direct input method.
for example you have inserted some data into one table by using this BAPI
technique but you not done the Commit BAPI then what happens is the
changes u made to the database cannot been seen in the table these will get
effective once u have Done the Commit BAPI
Rollback
see by taking the above example only we can know what is Rollback it is
nothing but UNDO option in ms office se until saving if we want one step
back we will do it by undo option am i right.
similalry until commit in i.e. nothing until saving the changes made u can
delete the modified change .
call function 'BAPI_PO_CREATE1'
'....................
After that
if u want to do commit , just add this statement.
COMMIT WORK.
if u want to do roll back , just add this statement
ROLLBACK WORK.

Different types of EXITS?

Exits are again 4 types:

1) User exits
2) Menu Exits
3) Function Exits
4) Customer Exits
There are 2 t.codes SMOD and CMOD to work with exits
SMOD is used to identify the EXIT and CMOD is used to implement the exit
using project.

BADI?
Object: To create a BADI implementation for CS01 transaction, that does not
allow user to create alternative BOMs for already created BOM.
Approach: If an alternative BOM is created, the field STLAL from MAST
table will be increased by 1. We can control future creation of BOM using this
field by writing the condition. i.e before updating to MAST table we need to
write the condition to stop duplicate BOM
So need to identify the correct badi (Location) in which we write the condition
Identify all the badi of this application CS01 using CL_EXITHANDLER
class using SE24 t.code.

43. Difference b/w user exit and customer exit?

1.

A user exit is considered a modification, since technically objects in SAP

namespace are modified. Customer exits do not affect standard SAP source
code.
2.
User Exits are forms (in the SAP Standard Includes) and are called by SAP
standard programs using perform.
Customer Exits are functions so they are called using call function (or more
exactly Call customer function).
3.

Inside the form (user exit) you can read and change almost any global
data from host program.
Inside a function (customer exit) you
import/export/changing/tables parameters.

can

only

access

your

4.

User exits are more flexible because you have more information to use in
your code but on the other hand, it is very easy to manipulate erroneously
global data and lead the standard program to a dump or even to make
database inconsistent.
Customer exits are more restrictive but you are sure any change you can
make to any parameters will never lead to inconsistency.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

User-exit doesn't have any classification. In customer-exit we have

function-module exit, screen exit, menu exit.
User exits are basically designed For SD module. Customer exits are
available for MM, SD, FI, HR... basically designed for all modules.
While changing User-exit, Access Key is required, whereas in Customerexit no access key is needed.
User exits are flexible and inconsistent and customer exits are restrictive
and consistent.
User-Exit affects modifies the standard code and this change will be
effected every time. Whereas Customer-Exit will be included (or called) into
the main program only when the corresponding Project is active. Thus
preserving us lot of resources time.

Ans2.
1.USER EXITS are FORMS and are called by SAP standard programs using
PERFORM(subroutines).
CUSTOMER EXITS are FUNCTIONS so they are called using CALLFUNCTION
(function modules)
2.Inside the form (user exit) you can read and change almost any global
data from host program.
Inside a function (customer exit) you can only acces your
import/export/changing/tables parameters.
3.User exits are more flexible because you have more information to use in
your code but on the other hand , it is very easy to manipulate erroneously
global data and lead the standard program to a dump or even to
make
database inconsistent.
Customer exits are more restrictive but you are sure any change you can
make to any
parameters will never lead to inconsistency
4.User-exit doesnt have any classification.
In customer-exit we have function-module exit, screen exit, menu exit.
5. User exits are basically designed For SD module.

Customer exits Are available for MM,SD,FI,HR..Basically Designed for all

modules.
44. What is the difference between User Exits and BADI?
Making enhancements using the transactions SMOD/CMOD has The following
disadvantages:
1) This enhancement technique assumes a two-tiered system Infrastructure
(SAP customers).
2) The naming conventions in effect do not tolerate name Extension.
3) It can be called only once. I.e. A user exit cannot be assigned to more than
one project.
Advantages of BAdI
1) Fulfills the requirements of a system infrastructure containing country
versions, industry
solutions, partners, and
customers.
2) Business Add-Ins should be considered generalized Business Transaction
Events that can be used to bundle program, menu and screen enhancements
into a single add-in.
3) Business Add-Ins can be created and employed in each of the various
software levels.
4) BAdI can be called many times. I.e. BAdI implementation can be assigned
to more definitions.
Ans 2.

BADI is OOPs concept...but User Exit not

BADI can be used more than once... but User Exit can be used
only one time
BADI code remains outside the standard program.
User Exit - code will be included in standard program

Differences between BADI and Customer Exit?

BADI
Customer-exit
Business Add-Ins are a
new SAP enhancement
technique based on ABAP

CUSTOMER EXITS (enhancements)

are FUNCTIONS so they are called
using CALL FUNCTION (or more

Objects.
Badis allow for a multilevel system landscape
(SAP, partner, and
customer solutions, as
well as country versions,
industry solutions, and
the like). Business Add-Ins
can be created at each
level within such a system
infrastructure
Some BADI can have
multiple independent
implementations, which is
much better for software
deployment as several
developers can
implement the same BADI
independently.

exactly CALL CUSTOMER

FUNCTION
Customer exits assumes a twolevel infrastructure (SAP and
customer solutions)

Customer-exit implemented in one

project cannot be implemented in
other.

smod and cmod?

SMOD is used to identify the EXIT and CMOD is used to implement the exit
using project

45. I have created a script in language DE. Now I need to translate it

to EN. How could I do this?
Open your script in transaction SE71.
In the Header screen, in the Language Attributes Option, choose Translate
to... Option to translate to other languages.
46. How can I copy SAPScripts from one client to another?

In the transaction SE71, enter the Form name and choose the menu, Utilities>Copy from client to copy SAPScripts from one client to another.
Use RSTXSCRP to import/export SAPScripts.
7. How to debug sap scripts?
Ans. Two ways to debug sap script.

first way is go to SE 71 and from menu bar select Utilities->activate

debugger .then go to SE38 execute the print program ,it automatically goes
to debugging mode ..
The other way is, run the program RSTXDBUG in SE 38. Execute it. A
message will show that debugger is activated. Now open the print program
in SE 38 u will notice that the print program is automatically diverted to
debugging mode.
11. What is page window?
Ans. page window is nothing but a container of a page ,which uniquely
identifies a set of data for example while creating invoice we create logo
window , billing document header window , customer window , terms and
condition window etc
22. Why sap scripts are client dependent and smart forms are client
independent?
Ans-: Smart forms create its own function module so it doesnt need to
transport the request through SCC1.As all the Development Object are stored
in client independent tables.
Whereas Script doesnt generate any function module while
executing so we need to transport the request number through SCC1.Sap
script is stored inside the client depended table as a TEXT. So sap scripts are
client dependent and smart forms are client independent.

47. Difference between scripts and smartforms in sap?

1) Script is Client Dependent whereas SMARTFORM is client Independent.
2) We can't cave script without Main window but SMARTFORM we
can.
3) After executing SMARTFORM it generates a function module
Script
doesn't.
4) We can set background Image to SMARTFORM but not in
Script
5) We can add color in SMARTFORM but not in Script.
6) In Script we can maintains up to 99 main windows but in SMARTFORM can
maintain only one Main window.
We cannot create sapscript without main window.
But we can create smartform without main window.
VIEWS:

Data about an application object is often distributed on several tables. By

defining a view, you can define an application-dependent view that combines
this data. The structure of such a view is defined by specifying the tables and
fields used in the view. Fields that are not required can be hidden, thereby
minimizing interfaces. A view can be used in ABAP programs for data
selection.

The data of a view is derived from one or more tables, but not stored
physically. The simplest form of deriving data is to mask out one or more
fields from a base table (projection) or to include only certain entries of a
base table in the view (selection). More complicated views can comprise
several base tables, the individual tables being linked with a relational join
operation. See also Join, Projection and Selection.
The base tables of the view must be selected in the first step of a view
definition. In the second step, these tables must be linked by defining the
join conditions. It is also possible to use the join condition from a foreign key
defined between the tables (see Foreign Key Relationship and Join
Condition). In the third step, you must select the fields of the base tables to
be used in the view. Selection conditions that restrict the records in the view
can be formulated in the fourth step.
Four different view types are supported. These differ in the way in which the
view is implemented and in the methods permitted for accessing the view
data.
Database views are implemented with an equivalent view on the
database.
Projection views are used to hide fields of a table (only projection).
Help views can be used as selection method in search helps.

Maintenance views permit you to maintain the data distributed on

several tables for one application object at one time.
Database views implement an inner join. The other view types implement
an outer join (see Inner and Outer Join).
The join conditions for database views can be formulated using equality
relationships between any base fields. The join conditions for the other view
types must be obtained from existing foreign keys. Tables therefore can only
be combined in a maintenance view or help view if they are linked to one
another with foreign keys.
The maintenance status defines whether you can only read data with the
view or whether you can also insert and change data with it.
6. Performance techniques?
Ans.
1. The sequence of fields must be same as per database table
2. During writing select query write all fields in sequence as per database
table.
3. Never write select statements inside loop.end loop.
4. Use st05 SQL trace, se30 run time analysis, code inspector, slin, etc.
5. Use select single * statement instead of select *
6. Always use primary key
7. Use binary search but before using binary search sort that table.

ALE/IDOCS:

Difference between we19 and bd87?

When you restart processing of a failed IDoc in BD87 you only deal with this
failed IDoc.
If you open an existing IDoc in WE19 and process it again you create a new
IDoc.

BD87: Process inbound IDocs

Using the Error number, the IDoc number and the transaction BD87, with the
required message type you can reprocess the IDoc. Match the error number
with this transaction and execute the function for the IDocs incorrectly
processed.
WE19: IDoc: Test tool inbound
Use transaction WE19 to test inbound function module in debugging mode.
Also use WE05 to view the IDocs and their statuses.
In WE19 you can process only one idoc at a time, whereas in BD87 you can
process any number of idocs.
In WE19 a new idoc number gets generated every time you process on idoc.
In BD87, the same IDOC number is retained even after reprocessing.
You CANNOT process a SUCCESFUL Idoc in BD87.
You CAN process a successful idoc in WE19.
P.S: Please do not use we19 for reprocessing. It is only for testing
and
debugging
purposes.
The test tool is a two-step process. In the first step, you create an IDoc by
using one of the following options:

Copy an existing IDoc.

Create an IDoc based on an IDoc type.
Create an IDoc based on a message type.
Create an IDoc using a file as a template.
Create an IDoc with no template.
The option you choose depends on your tastes and program requirements.
The first option is most commonly used because it enables you to modify an
existing IDoc (inbound or outbound) to suit your needs.
In the second step, the IDoc created is passed to the inbound process. You
have several options to select the method of starting the inbound process :
Start the inbound processing via the standard path. This method uses all
inbound components.

Call the inbound function module directly. The system bypasses the checks
for partner profile and hands the IDoc data to your inbound function module
directly. This method is useful for testing an inbound process without having
to maintain any inbound configuration. You can also start the function
module in debug mode and select the processing option for your posting
module.
Save the IDoc in a file, and start the inbound process. This method is similar
to the first method except that you also create an IDoc file at the operating
system level. This method is used mainly for EDI processes.
Differences between IDOC and BAPI?
IDOC
IDocs are text encoded documents with a rigid
structure that are used to exchange data
between R/3 and a foreign system

Idocs are processed asynchronously and no

information whatsoever is returned to the client,
The target system need not be always online.
The IDOC would be created and would send the
IDOC once the target system is available (tRFC
concept). Hence supports guaranteed delivery
With asynchronous links the sub-process on the
client can be finished even if the communication
line or the server is not available. In this case the
message is stored in the database and the
communication can be done later
The disadvantage of asynchronous links is that
the sub-process on the server cannot return
information to the calling sub-process on the
client. A special way for sending information back
to the client is required. In addition, a special
error handling mechanism is required to handle
errors on the receiving side.

BAPI
BAPIs are a subset of the RFC-enabled function
modules, especially designed as Application
Programming Interface (API) to the SAP
business object, or in other words: are function
modules officially released by SAP to be called
from external programs.
BAPIs are called synchronously and (usually)
return information
whereas for BAPIs the client code needs to do
the appropriate error handling.

Problems with synchronous links occur if the

communication line or the server is temporarily
not available. If this happens, the sub-process
on the client cannot be finished (otherwise
there would be data inconsistencies).
Synchronous links have the advantage that the
sub-process on the server can return values to
the sub-process on the client that has started
the link.

BAPIs are not totally immune to upgrades

IDOCs may
be more changeable from release to release.
BAPIs are reasonably well documented.
IDOCs are poorly
documented

 Idoc outbound function modules?

- L_IDoc_HEADER_CREATE Generate the necessary EDIDC data for each
IDoc
- L_IDoc_SEGMENT_CREATE Generate an IDoc segment
- L_IDoc_SEND Send the generated IDocs
How to find IDOC Function Module for Basic Type: ORDERS05?
Just go to SE16 Transaction -> enter table name EDIFCT -> enter Idoc
type ORDERS05 -> here you can see list of FM
Status codes in outbound side (sender system)?
01 Idoc created
30 ready to dispatch
03 Dispatched successfully
18 Idoc reached to receiver side successfully
29 Error in ale (partner profile)
Status codes in inbound side (receiver side)?
50 Idoc reached
51 Error in ale
53 Idoc posted successfully
68 Idoc deletion
72 Copy of parent idoc
69 Idoc is edited
70 Stores original idoc

What are EdP13 and rseout00?

EDP13 is the table for saving the data of partner profile
RSEOUT00 IS the program to dispatch all the idocs in collective mode

FMs in idocs?
Master_idoc_distribute is the FM to create idoc.
DEQUEUE_ALL IS THE FM to post idoc which are located in custom
idocs.
Idoc filtering ?
Filtering techniques are 2 types

i. idoc filtering
ii. Segment filtering

Idoc filtering: it stops whole idoc based on condition (t.codebd64).

Segment filtering: some of segments stopped based on condition
(t.codebd56).

ALE IDocs in SAP is a lot about configuration and a lot about Tcodes . So if
you have worked on at least one end to end scenario in ALE IDocs in
SAP , you probably already have answers to a lot of questions.
Cheers!!
But if you haven't , make sure you do this exercise. There are plenty of step
by step guides to ALE IDocs available on the internet . Make sure you read
one understand it all the way . Sending IDoc from client 800 to say client 810

on the same server is easy . If possible ,Try an exercise in which you send an
IDoc from one system to another system.

Question 1: What is ALE ?

ALE stands for Application Link Enabling. As it's name indicates , it links two
systems.
ALE is a technology that can enable exchange of data between two different
Systems ( Sap - Sap OR Sap - Non Sap). ALE technology enables distributed
yet integrated installation of SAP systems.
ALE architecture comprises of 3 layers:
Application layer refers to the application data ( SD , MM , FI or data for
any SAP application ) . In this layer the data is collected to be distributed and
then sent to the distribution layer.
Distribution layer determines to whom should the data generated by the
application layer has to be distributed i.e. it is in the distribution layer that
the recipient is determined, the data is formatted or filtered and then an
actual is created.
Communication layer takes the responsibility of delivering the Idoc to the
receiving system and communicates to the receiving system via tRFC , File
ports , FTP or TCP/IP etc.
ALE uses IDoc as a vehicle to transfer data between two systems.

Question 2: What is EDI?

EDI stands for Electronic Data Interchange. It refers to the electronic
exchange of business data in a structured format between two systems.
The EDI subsystem generally converts the Idoc data into one of the many EDI
formats and generates an EDI file in an X12 format. The middleware then
translates the X12 file to an IDOC format and the IDOC is sent to the SAP
system.

Question 3: What is an Idoc? What is IDoc Type? What is an IDoc

Extension?
An IDoc (Intermediate document) is a vehicle that is used to transfer data
from one system to another.
IDoc is not a technology of some sort , but it is just a container that
holds data .
It holds data in a structured format i.e. in the Fields of the Segments.
IDoc Type vs. IDoc:
An IDoc Type is nothing but a collection of one or more structures defined in
a system with specific fields. It does not hold Data.
However, an IDoc is something that holds the values in the fields of the
structure defined by IDOC type.
The transaction code to view an IDoc type (Basic and extension) is WE30.
Examples: ORDERS04, DEBMAS04, MATMAS04, CREMAS04.
These are all SAP standard Basic IDoc Types.
You can even have an IDoc extension in which you can use the existing
Basic IDoc type and add extra segments and fields to it. Usually we extend
an IDoc when the standard SAP IDoc type is not able to cater to the business
process.

Question 4: What are the types of records in SAP ALE Idocs and where is
this information stored?
There are three types of records in SAP ALE Idocs:
Control Records: Control record information for an IDoc is stored in
standard table EDIDC.
Control records contain sender,reciver,partner and what time it is created.
Data Records:
data records information for an IDoc is stored in standard
table EDIDD.
These are contains customer data
Status Records: status record information for an IDoc is stored in standard
table EDIDS.
These are shows status codes of idoc
The IDoc status indicates the stage that the Idoc in currently in.

Question 5: What is an Idoc status? What are the different types of

Idoc statuses that you know ?
When an IDoc is sent from one system to another, it goes through various
stages. The IDoc status indicates the stage that the Idoc in currently in.
There about 75 IDoc statuses. There is no way you can remember those
all .
Don't even try to ! You will probably remember only those on which you have
worked .
But here are a few that you should know:
0-49 indicates an Outbound IDoc and 50-75 as Inbound IDoc.
01 IDoc generated
02 Error passing data to port
03 Data passed to port OK
51 Application document not posted
52 Application document not fully posted
53 Application document posted

Question 6: What is a Port ? What are the types of Ports ?

A port is a communication channel through which Messages can be sent or
received in SAP .
The sender and the receiver both specify the port through which they will
communicate.
The common port types are the TRFC Port and the File Port.
If both sender and receiver mention TRFC ports, data is exchanged via RFC
connections.
If however, a file port is mentioned, the IDOC is written in a flat file at the
specified location at the sender system. Then a FTP transfer should be done
from that location to the receiver system or a Middleware that will send the
file to the receiver system.
The transaction to maintain ports is WE21.
Question 7: What is a Message type and Idoc Type? What is
the difference between Message type and an IDoc type?

A Message type and an IDoc type are closely related . In fact, you
will find that a Message type is always associated with an IDoc type.
Whereas an IDoc type is a detailed version with all the segments and fields ,
a Message type is used just to specify the kind of information that a system
can send or receive to or from another system.
So If system SAP1 has a Partner Profile where it specifies MATMAS as an
outbound message type , it just means that SAP1 can send material master
data to say system SAP2.
If system SAP1 has a Partner Profile where it specifies MATMAS as an
inbound message type , it just means that SAP1 can receive material master
data from say system SAP2.
What all fields can be sent and received will be specified in the IDoc type.
Some other message types: DEBMAS ( Customers), CREMAS (Vendors)
belong to the Master data.
The link between a message Type and an IDoc type is maintained in Tcode
WE82.
Question 8: What is a partner profile? What are the types of partner
profiles?
To be able to communicate with a partner via an IDoc interface, each
system needs to maintain a partner profile. A partner profile is a mechanism
by which the system can specify what kind of messages (message types) it
can send or receive.
Partner profiles can be maintained in WE20.
Question 9: What is a distribution model (BD64) in ALE IDocs?
The distribution model describes how ALE messages flow between
different logical systems.
You can mention the sender and receiver logical systems, the message type
to be distributed and also distribute data (IDocs) based on certain conditions
by using the distribution model.
The ALE layer uses the distribution model to control which systems will
receive the information (IDocs) and also filter the data based on certain
conditions.
Distribution Models can be created and maintained in transaction BD64.

Question 10: What are process codes?

I don't want to make this post too big. So, I will stop here for the time being.
More interview questions on ALE/IDocs:
Question 11: How do you read data from an IDoc in a program?
Question 12: How do you send Idoc from a program?
Question 13: How do you achieve filtering in a distribution model?
Question 14: Can I create a flat file from an IDOC? If Yes, How?
Question 15: You want to create and send an IDOC to another the moment
a PO is created in your
system . How will you achieve this ?
Question 16: How to Reprocess Idocs in SAP?
Question 17: What is a change Pointer?
Question 18: What is serialization of Idocs?
Question 19: Important tcodes in ALE Idocs.
Question 20: Important programs in ALE Idocs:

Other Interview questions

SAP SCRIPTS & FORMS
1. Can we write the code/program inside sap script?
2. How will u create sapscripts & smartforms in multiple language?
3.How to execute sap script & smart forms in Background?
4.How to do total & subtotal in scripts & forms?
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DATA DICTIONARY
1.Apart from .include & .append how will u do table enhancement?
2.what r the events of table maintainence generator?

3.what will happen if i use projection view and maintainence view together?
4. I created ZEMP table now i want to add more data but prev. data should
not disturb how can i do this?
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REPORTS
1.How will u print footers in alv report?
2.How will u edit fields from output list of alv?
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BDC
1.what r the fields u took during recording for mmo1,me21n?
2.If u want to do bdc for xd01 explain me how will be the flow?
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user exits
1.what r enhancement points?
2.How to write customer exits?
3.what is routine? how it is different from user exits?

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SAP ABAP Interview Questions asked in

Top Companies
Overview: Collection of important SAP ABAP Interview Questions
1. When a program is created and need to be transported to
production does selection texts always go with it? if not how do you
make sure?
Ans: This is the very common problem faced by most of the ABAPers.
Let me explain the cause & solution;
When you create a report for the first time, you can see it as 'PROGRAM' in
SE10, which means it includes all the report source code as well selection
texts.
Fine, you transport it to Quality system from DEV, here if you transport this
same req to Production, then there won't be any problem, since all changes
will go.
But, by any means you have modififed and again re-transported (without
touching the selection text, then only the source code will move (type REPS
in SE10).
To avoid this pit fall just save and activate your selection text, Then this
should be reflected in SE10 with sub-object type REPT - report text.
If you have already transported the report, except the selection text, then
follow the prior step what I have mentioned.

Check this Thread for more details regarding your concern.

hi all ,progrm created need to be transported to prodn does sele.txt go

2. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client

independent?
In commercial, organizational and technical terms, the client is a selfcontained unit in the R3 system, with separate set of Master data and its
own set of Tables. When a change is made in one client all other clients are
affected in the system - this type of objects are called Client independent
objects.
ii. Hi ,
since u r maintaining different clients in da same server ,
so ,tables needs to have diff data for diff client.....
now if u dont make tables client dependent then , same table data will be
used by all clients ...
But all clients have their own diff data ,
So making a table client dependent , u r using same database table, to store
data of different clients.
for more information:
A client is a logical division of data within an SAP system. Some things, like
application data are mostly client-dependent, meaning that for example, a
G/L account defined in client 123 of system ABC is only visible in that client.
Therefore if you logon to client 456 of system ABC you will not be seeing the
same database entity (if it is defined at all).

At a technical level, client dependent data simply resides in database tables

that have the client number as a key field (typically the first key field).

Multiple clients within an SAP system are often used in development, testing
and training systems - so that individuals can work in the same system (on
the same codeset) but in isolation of each other.

Very rarely will a production system have multiples clients (ignoring the
internal SAP clients like 000 and 066).
3. Are programs client dependent?
programs are not client dependent
all programs r client indipendent but the data is client dependent
ii. no, the programs are client independent because, as this software is

platform independent so any client can use any program from anywhere.
Sap scripts are client dependent and smart forms client independent.
4. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP

programs?
SY-SUBRC, SY-DBCNT, SY-LILLI, SY-DATUM, SY-UZEIT, SY-UCOMM,SYTABIX.....
5. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in
an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement?
6. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP
programs?
7. What are datasets?
8. How to find the return code of a stmt in ABAP programs?
9. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP?
10. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?
11. What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied
programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master
data? Why?
12. What are logical databases? What are the
advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?
13. What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down

report?
14. What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have
you used?
15. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP query
tool?
16. What are the functional areas? User groups? And how does ABAP
query work in relation to these?
17. Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP
query?
18. What is the structure of a BDC sessions.
19. What are Change header/detail tables? Have you used them?
20. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC
batch session?
21. What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions?
22. How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps?
What are the events driven batch jobs?
23. Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How
do you run?
24. What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relevant
table for that?
25. Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages?
26. What is a currency factoring technique?
27. How do you document ABAP programs? Do you use program
documentation menu option?
28. What is SAPScripts and layout set?

29. What are the ABAP commands that link to a layout set?
30. What is output determination?
31. What are Idocs?
32. What is screen painter? Menu painter? Gui status?
33. What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it? Explain
PAI and PBO.
34. Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP?
35. Does SAP have a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what
operating systems is it available on? What is the other type of
screen painter called?
36. What are step loops? How do you program page down page up in
step loops?
37. Is ABAP a GUI language?
38. Normally how many and what files get created when a
transaction program is written?
What is the XXXXXTOP program?
39. What are the include programs?
40. Can you call a subroutine of one program from another
program?
41. What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What
precautions are needed?
42. What are RFCs? How do you write RFCs on SAP side?
43. What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs?
44. How do you find if a logical database exists for your program

requirements?
45. How do you find the tables to report from when the user just
tells you the transaction he uses? And all the underlying data is
from SAP structures?
46. How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in SAP?
47. What are the different modules of SAP?
48. What is IMG in SAP?
49. How do you get help in ABAP?
50. What are different ABAP editors? What are the differences?
51. What are the different elements in layout sets?
52. Can you use if then else, perform etc statements in sap script?
53. What type of variables normally used in sap script to output
data?
54. How do you number pages in SAPScripts layout outputs?
55. What takes most time in SAP script programming?
56. How do you use tab sets in layout sets?
57. How do you backup SAPScripts layout sets? Can you download
and upload? How?
58. What are presentation and application servers in SAP?
59. In an ABAP program how do you access data that exists on a
presentation server v/s on an application server?
60. What are different data types in ABAP?
61. What is difference between BDC and Call Transaction?

62. Setting up a BDC program where you find information?

63. What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting to a
BDC session?
64. Why SAP script is client dependent ?
By design, SAP script is a word processing tool which displays data on the
form with the help of text elements where the logic of those is written in the
print program and Forms were designed to be driven from print program,
hence are often termed as client dependent. Smart forms are client
independent. Bcoz it doesnu2019t use any text elements. It will be executed
through a function module. When a print program calls a Smart Form, the
form itself takes over to produce output, without any further direction from
print program.

ALV
1. How Calculate TOTALS,SUBTOTALS in ALV Reporting?
data: wa_fieldcat type slis_fieldcat_alv,
it_fieldcat type slis_t_fieldcat_alv.
data: wa_sort type slis_sortinfo_alv,
it_sort type slis_t_sortinfo_alv.
wa_fieldcat-do_sum = 'X'.
append wa_fieldcat to it_fieldcat.
wa_sort-fieldname = 'KUNNR'.
wa_sort-tabname = 'IT_FINAL'.
wa_sort-subtot = 'X'.
append wa_sort to it_sort.

II. data: wa_fieldcat type slis_fieldcat_alv,

it_fieldcat type slis_t_fieldcat_alv.
hi friend to calculate totals ,sub-totals we have to use
after declaring the fieldcat
for doing sum
: wa_fieldcat-do_sum = 'X'.
fro caluculating subtotal : wa_sort-subtot = 'X'.
this have to be done when feildcatlog and suppliying the
sorting info.
I could make u to remind that this is the one of the
difference between a normal & alv report.