1ST PRESENTATION

BASE QUANTITIES
Base quantities

Length
Mass
Time
Temperature
Electric current

Luminuous intensity
Amount of substance

Symbol

Base unit
(Symbol)

L
m
t
T
i

metre(m)
kilogram(kg)
Second(s)
Kelvin(K)
Ampere(A)
Candela(cd)
mole(mol)

I
n

Panjang suatu benda 10

Besar

satuan

Besaran turunan:
besaran yang satuannya ditetapkan
berdasarkan
satuan-satuan
besaran pokok

Example
Area = length x width
m
X m = m2
Volume = lengthXwidthXheight
m X m X m = m3
Density = mass
= kg = kg m-3
Volume
m3
Speed = distance
Time
m/s=m s-2
velocity = displacement
Time
Acceleration = change of velocity=m/s=m
Time
s
s2

Force = mass X acceleration

Kg X m/s2 = kg m/s2(N)

Work = Force X displacement

N X m =Nm=J
Power = work = J
time
s
Pressure = Force = N = Pa
Area
m2
Must be a space between two different units

Evaluation
Write down the unit for each of the
quantities defined below in terms
of m, s, kg, K and A
a. mass
time
b. mass
area
c. change in temperature
mass
d. current X time

e. volume
time
f. density
volume
g. change in speed
time
1 meter = 103 milimeter
= 103 mm
Not be any space between
the prefix and the unit

Prefix for SI units

Prefix
Factor (m)
(symbol)

Tera (T)
Giga (G)
Mega (M)
Kilo (k)
deci (d)
Centi (c)
mili (m)
micro ()
nano(n)
Pico (p)

1012
109
106
103
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
10-12

1 mm = 10-3 m
1 Mm = 106 m
1 m = 10-6 m
Evaluation
1. the density of water is 1 g/cm3.
what is the density in kg/m3
2. the dimension of a box are
20 cm X 25 cm X 5 cm.
calculate the volume of the box
in:
a. cm3
b. mm3
c. m3
3. Express the following quantities
in their base units. Give your
answers in standard form up to
significant figures.
a. density = 200 mg/cm3
b. speed = 45 m ns-1
c. work done = 700 kN X 28 Mm

Important Number
Example
1. 145,789
2. 2,0006
3.
1000

4. 1,000
5. 0,006

6 AP
5 AP
1 AP 1X103
2 AP
1,0X103
3 AP
1,00X103
4 AP 1,000X103
4 AP
1 AP

Multiple and Devide (AP paling sedikit)

73,24
4 AP
4,52
X 3 AP
331,0448
331 (3 AP)

Addition and minus

(banyak angka dibelakang koma paling

sedikit)

110,1 (1 angka dibelakang koma)

2,00
(2 angka dibelakang koma)
0,355+ (3 angka dibelakang koma)
112,455
112,5 (4 AP)
Base quantities
Length
Mass
Time
Temperature
Electric current

Luminuous intensity
Amount of substance

dimensi
L
M
T

I
J
N

Example
Velocity= m = L = LT-1
s
T

acceleration = m = L = LT-2
s2 T2
Force = kg m = MLT-2
s2
Evaluation
1. isilah titik-titik di bawah ini
a. 1 g = kg
b. 1 Tm = .. mm
c. 20 m/s = . Km/jam
d. 1 N = dyne (gr cm/s)
2. Sebutkan banyak AP
a. 0,0555
b. 2,3X10-7
c. 1,000001
3. calculate
a. 15,34 X 2,9
b. 16,59 : 1,15
c. 987,9999 2,1 + 9,667

2nd PRESENTATION
Scalars and Vectors
Scalar
a scalar is a physical quantity
that has only magnitude.
mass,time,length, themperature,
density, distance, speed, power,
energy are scalar quantities
Vector
a vector is a physical quantity
that has both magnitude and
direction.
Displacement,velocity,
acceleration, force, momentum,
energy are examples of vector
quantities

The sum of two vectors is also a

vector known as the resultant.
Addition of two vectors in the
same direction
F1=2 N

F2=5 N

The resultant of the two forces

F1=2 N and F2=5 N acting in the
same direction is F, a force that
acts in the direction of F1 and F2.
F1=2 N

F2=5 N

F=F1+F2 = 7 N

 Addition of two vectors in the

opposite directions
F1=12 N

F2=4 N

The resultant of the two forces

F1=12 N and F2=4 N which act in
the opposite directions is F,
a
force that acts in the direction of
the greater force among F1 and
F2.
F1=12 N

F=F1+F2
=(12-4)
=8N

F2=4 N

 The addition of two vectors

whose directions are not parallel
to each other can be determined
by graphical methods, either by:
- drawing a triangle
- drawing a parallelogram
Triangle method
b

b
R=a+b

a
Parallelogram method
b
R=a+b
a

Evaluation
Addition three vectors with triangle
and parallelogram method
b

a
if a= 3 satuan, b= 4 satuan, c= 5
satuan
Resultant of two vectors
(if two vectors act an angle to each
other)
b
R=a+b

a
Magnitude of resultant
R

a 2 b 2 2ab cos

Direction of resultant
R
b

sin
sin r

Example
Magnitude of resultant
F2=4 N

F1 F2 2 2 F1 F2 cas
2

9 16 0
5N

R
F1=3 N

direction of resultant
R
F2

0
sin 90
sin R
5
4

1 sin R
4
5
R 530

sin R

Evaluation
1. Two forces F1=40 N and F2=30
N act on a point O at an angle
of 600 to each other. Determine

the resultant force and

direction.
2. Two forces of 8 N and 6 N act on
a point O at an angle of 30 0 to
each
other.
Calculate
the
resultant force and direction
Vector component (if vector F
act an angle
of X(+) axis)
Y
Besar
F F F
Fy=F sin
2

Arah
tan

Fy
FX

Fx=F cos
Example
One force F=20 N act an angle 30 0
to X(+) axis.
Calculate : a. FX

b. FY
Evaluation
y
F3

F2
F1
X
F4

F1=20
F2=24
F3=20
F4=12

N,
N,
N,
N,

=00
=600
=1200
=2400

Calculate
resultant
force
and
direction
MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH
X X 0 X

Mistar
nst=1 mm
1
ketelitian= 2 nst = 0,5 mm

X 2,50 0,05 cm

Vernier Calipers
nst=0,1 mm
1
ketelitian= 2 nst = 0,05 mm

Skala utama=
2,1 cm
Skala nonius= 5x0,01 cm=0,05 cm
2,15 cm
Measurement result:
X 2,150 0,005 cm

Micrometer Screw Gauge

nst=0,01 mm
1
ketelitian= 2 nst =0,005 mm

Skala utama=
3,5 mm
Skalanonius=25x0,01mm=0,25mm
3,75 mm
Measurement result:
X 3,750 0,005 mm

Error in measurement
1. parallax error
correct position
Wrong position

wrong position

2. end error (begin not from 0)

3. zero error (vernier calipers)

correct:

Zero error:
1.

2. zero error/end error

Measurement result:
Skala-zero error

2,15 cm 0,02 = 2,13 cm.(1)

2,15 cm (-0,02) = 2,17 cm(2)

3. Zero error
(micrometer screw gauge)
Correct:

Zero error
1.

2. zero error/end error

Measurement result:
Skala-zero error
3,75mm-(-0,01mm)=3,76 mm..(1)
3,75 mm-0,01 mm= 3,74 mm(2)
Evaluation

What are the readings of

vernier scales shown below.
a.

b.

c.

the

What are the readings of the

micrometer screw gauge scales
shown below.
a.

b.

c.