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1 (2010), pp 141-150
141
ABSTRACT
Analysis of circular cylindrical shell under the action of hydrostatic and stiffening ring forces is
carried out in this work. The differential equation of equilibrium, similar to that of beam on
elastic foundation, was obtained from static principles on the assumptions of P. L. Pasternak.
The initial value method was used to solve the obtained fourth order differential equation for
both cases of hydrostatic and ring forces. Combined actions of hydrostatic and ring forces were
studied as the location of the ring was varied along the height of the reservoir. It appears that the
most favourable location for the ring is 2/3 of its height measured from the top. Bending moment, shear force and hoop tension diagrams, essentially necessary for design of the reservoir,
were plotted under the action of these forces.
Keywords: Static analysis, cylindrical shell, hydrostatic forces, reservoir, initial value.
INTRODUCTION
The economy or feasibility of many modern
constructions necessitates lightweight, thinwalled members. Indeed the objective of structural engineering has always been to lower as
much as possible the cost and thus the quantity
of construction material without compromising
the integrity of the structure. Thin-walled structures, which include both thin plates and thin
shells, satisfy the afore-mentioned objective.
Shells are for most part the deep-seated structures in manufacturing submarines, missiles,
tanks and their roofs, and fluid reservoirs
(Golzan et al, 2008). Circular cylindrical shells
are used in a large variety of civil engineering
structures, e.g. off-shore platforms, chimneys,
Stiffening
Stiffeningrings
rings
u 1
x2
2
u
R
w
x
1
Eh
u 1
x y
2
h2
12R
w
x4
2
v
R
u
y R
w
x y2
2
u 1
y2
2
12
Rh2
v
x y
v
x2
v
y2
w
x y
2
v
y
w
y R
3
w
y3
(1)
y
w
R
1
Eh
0 (2)
v
R
w
y4
u
x
12 1
Eh3
Z (3)
dz
dx
In general:
du 1
u
dx
(4)
(5)
d 4w
dz4
S
Mx
w
R
Ehw
R
Dwn
M
Where
wn
d 2w
; and
dx2
Eh3
12(1
dn
dzn
4 R2
z
Eh
4w( z)
(10)
(8)
wh ( z)
(11)
ckYk ( z)
k 1
Where:
Yk (z) = ak cosh z cos z + bk cosh z sin z +
x
D
(9)
2
3(1
)
2 2
R h
Equation (9) is due to Pasternak (1932) and is
only applicable to cylindrical shell subject to
axi-symmetric loading i.e. stresses and strains
are constant along the circumferential section.
where:
(7)
d 4w
4 w
dx4
d n dz
dzn dx
(6)
dn
dxn
=
=
=
=
=
=
Y1i (0) =
Y2 (0) =
Y2iii (0) =
Y3ii (0) =
Y4i (0) =
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
Y1ii (0) =
Y2i (0) =
Y3 (0) =
Y3iii (0) =
Y4ii (0) =
0
1
0
0
0
We therefore obtain:
Y1 ( z)
( z)
(13)
1
[ ( z)
2 2
1
Y3 ( z)
( z)
2 4
Y2 ( z)
Y4
1
[ ( z)
4 2
( z)]
( z)]
(14)
(15)
(16)
Mh Z
d 2 wh
dx2
4c1Y3 z
dM
dx
Qh z
It can be seen that Yk, k=1, 2, 3, 4 are four independent expressions. The homogeneous solution will thus be written as:
17)
4c1Y2 z
whii z
4c2Y4 z
4c2Y3 z
c3Y1 z
Eh
*
2 2
R
c4Y2 z
(19)
Eh
*
4 R2
D 3whiii
Eh
w z
R h
Nh z
4c3Y4 z
c4Y1 z
(20)
Eh
*
R
(21)
c2
YI
Yii
Yiii
Yiv
Y1
-4Y4
-4Y3
-4Y2
-4Y1
Y2
Y1
-4Y4
-4Y3
-4Y2
Y3
Y2
Y1
-4Y4
-4Y3
Y4
Y3
Y2
Y1
-4Y4
The relationships between the deflection (w(z)) and the rotation (q(z)), moment (M(z)), shear force (Q(z)) and
hoop tension (N(z)) are derived in the
following manner.
c3
c1
d w
dxn
wh z
4
( z)
d w
, we obtain:
dzn
dwh
w1h ( z)
4 c1Y4 ( z)
dx
n
c2Y1 ( z)
c3Y2 ( z)
c4Y3 ( z)
w0
R2
Y3 z M 0
Eh
z
3
(18)
(22)
R2
Y z .Q0
Eh 3
(23)
Eh
Y z w0
2 2 3
R
Eh
Y z
3 2 4
R
4 R2
Y z .Q0
Eh 4
4 Y4 z w0 Y1 Z
2
R
Y Z M0
Eh 2
Mh z
Y2 z
Y1 z w0
R2
M0
Eh
4 R2
Q
Eh 0
c4
Owing to:
n
Y1 z M0
Y2 z
Q0
(24)
Eh
Y z w0
R2 2
Qh z
Eh
Y z Y4 z M0 Y1 z Q0
2 2 3
R
Eh
Y z w0
R 1
Nh z
4
Eh
Y z
R 2
(25)
dz'
dQ q z'
(26)
4 R2
z
Eh
dw
dN p
d
4 R2
z z' Y3 z' dz'
Eh
dQp
4R
(30)
(31)
(32)
x-x
dx
x
dwp
R2
z Y2 z
Eh
(33)
R2
1 Y1 z
Eh
(34)
wp
0
z
dz'
Mp
dMP
Y4 z
z'
(29)
(28)
q z'
dQ
dx'
(27)
Qo= - dQ and Mo = o = wo = 0
dNp
Qo
x'
dz'
RY3 z M0 4 RY4 z Q0
z'
z z'
(35)
Qp
dQp
Y3 z
(36)
z Y2 z
(37)
Np
dNp
wz
Y2 z
Y1 z w0
4 R2
Y z Q0
Eh 4
z
2
R2
Y3 z Q0
Eh
Eh
Y z w0
2 2 3
R
M z
Y1 z
Q0
R2
4
0
4 RY4 z Q0
(38)
R2
Y z M0
Eh 2
R2
1 Y1 z
Eh
Eh
Y z
3 2 4
R
(39)
Y1 z M0
(40)
Eh
Y z
2 2 3
R
4 Y4 z M 0
(41)
Y3 z
Eh
Y z w0
R 1
Y3 z M 0
Y4 z
Eh
Y z w0
R2 2
Y1 z Q0
N z
R2
z Y2 z
Eh
4 Y4 z w0 Y1 z
4
Qz
4
0
Eh
Y z
R 2
z Y2 z
RY3 z M 0
(42)
w0 M 0
w L
0
L
(43)
wp z
wY1 z t
(44)
Qp z
Eh
wY2 z t
R2
(45)
Mp z
Eh
wY3 z t
2 2
R
(46)
Qp z
Eh
wY2 z t
R2
(47)
The ring is assumed to induce an inward deflection equal in absolute value to half of the outward deflection due to the hydrostatic pressure
at its location.
(48)
Eh
wY1 a t
R
Np z
Investigations are carried out for different locations of the ring along the height of the reservoir (2L/3, L/2 and L/3 measured from the top).
where t = c
8
Y2 z
Y1 z
4 R
Y z Q0
Eh 4
R2
Y z Q0 4
Eh 3
4
0
Mr z
Eh
Y z
3 3 4
R
Qr z
Eh
Y z
2 2 3
R
Nr z
Eh
Y z
R 2
wY1 z t
Y2 z
wY4 z t
4
3
2
1
0
(50)
Eh
wY3 z t
2 2
R
(51)
Y1 z Q0
Eh
wY2 z t
R2
(52)
4 RY4 z Q0
Q0
Eh
wY1 z t
R
8
7
6
5
4
(53)
3
2
Height (m)
wr z
Height (m)
Numerical Studies
A concrete circular cylindrical water tank with
real life dimensions is adopted for numerical
purposes:
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Bending moment (KNm)
4
3
2
Height (m)
4
3
2
1
1
-80
-60
-40
-20
Shear force (KN)
-40
20
-30
-20
-10
0
Bending moment (KNm)
7
6
Height (m)
Height (m)
100
200
300
400
Hoop tension (KN)
-80
500
-60
-40
-20
Shear force (KN)
7
6
7
6
4
3
2
20
4
3
2
1
1
0
Height (m)
Height (m)
1
0
Height (m)
100
200
300
400
Hoop tension (KN)
500
7
6
Height (m)
Height (m)
6
4
3
2
1
0
5
4
3
2
1
0
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Bending moment (KNm)
Height (m)
1
0
8
7
5
4
3
2
1
-80
-60
-40
-20
Shear force (KN)
Height (m)
20
100
200
300
400
Hoop tension (KN)
500
600
REFERENCES
Darkov A. (1989), Structural Mechanics, 4th
Edition, Mir Publishers, Moscow.
Federico Guarracino, and Alastair Walker
(2008), Some comments on the numerical
analysis of plates and thin-walled structures, Thin-Walled Struct., 46: 975-980.
Finsterwalder U. (1933), Die Theorie der
Zylindrischen Schalengewolbe SystemZeiss-Dywidag und ihre Anwendung ouf
Journal of Science and Technology KNUST April 2010