Machine Design

II

Prof. Dr Md Nurul Absar Chowdhury

MCE Department, IUT

Machine Design II
DESIGN OF PRESSURE
VESSELS AND CYLINDER
Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

CLASSIFICATION OF CYLINDER
ACCORDING TO THICKNESS
THIN CYLINDER
THICK CYLINDER

ACCORDING TO CONSTRUCTION
CLOSED ENDED
OPENENDED
Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

STRESSES IN thin CYLINDRICAL
PRESSURE VESSELS
HOOP STRESS
pr
h
t
LONGITUDINAL STRESS
pr h
l

2t
2
Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

EFFECT OF EFFICIENCY OF JOINTS

pr
pr
h
, l
t
2 t

CORROTION ALLOWANCE
pr
t
c
h
Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

RADIAL STRESS

MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS (MORSE

CIRCLES)

Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

DESIGN OF THIN BOILER TUBE (ASME
BOILER CODE)
PERMISSIBLE STEAM PRESSURE IN STEEL
PIPE P 2 (h 0.165) / d 8.78( Kgf / cm 2 )
O

FOR _ 6.35mm d O 12.7

P 2 (h 0.254) / d O Kgf / cm 2
FOR _ d O 12.7

PRESSURE IN STEEL TUBES IN WATER

TUBE BOILER
P (h 0.1) / d O C
THE VALUES OF AND C DEPEND ON TYPE OF
JOINTS AND MATERIALS
Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

STRESSES IN AXIALLY
SYMMETRICAL PRESSURE
VESSELS (MEMBRANE THEORY)
GEOMETRICALLY SYMMETRIC
SYMMETRICALLY LOADED

Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

STRESSES IN AXIALLY SYMMETRICAL
PRESSURE VESSELS (MEMBRAIN
THEORY)
MERIDOINAL STRESS

p r
pRt
m .

2t cos 2t cos

TANGENTIAL STRESS
Rt
t m (2 )
Rm
Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

FOR CYLINDER

pRt
m
, t 2 m
2t
9

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

PRESSURE VESSEL HEAD
DISHED HEAD
STRESS CONCENTRATION
BENDING
BUCKLING

FLAT HEAD
PLATE THEORY

Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

10

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL
CODE.
TOTAL 11 SECTION. OUT OF THOSE
FOLLOWING SECTIONS ARE VERY
IMPORTANT
SECTION I : BOILER
SECTION II : MATERIALS FOR PRESSURE
VESSEL
SECTION III : NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
COMPONENTS
SECTION VIII : PRESSURE VESSEL
DIVISSION 1 : LOWER STRESS
DIVISSION 2 : HIGHER STRESS
Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

11

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

STRESSES IN THICK CYLINDER

PLAIN STRESS (SHORT CYLINDER)

PLAIN STRAIN(LONG CYLINDER)

Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

12

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

PLAIN STRESS (SHORT CYLINDER)

d r
r
r 0
dr
u
du
r
r
, r ,
, r
,
r
dr
E
E
C2
C2
r C1 2 , C1 2
r
r
pri 2 ro2 1 1
pri 2 ro2 1 1
r 2 2 2 2 , 2 2 2 2
ro ri ro r
ro ri ro r
Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

13

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

DESIGN OF THICK CYLINDER
LAMES EQUATION
BIRNIES EQUATION
CLAVARINOS EQUATION
BARLOWS EQUATION

Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

14

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

LAMES EQUATION
FAILS IN TENSION (CASE-1)

t ri

all p
1 , all p
all p

FAILS IN SHEAR (CASE-2)

t ri

Machine Design II

all
all
1 , all p, all
all p
2
Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

15

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

BIRNIES EQUATION FOR OPEN ENDED WITH
DUCTILE MATERIAL

t ri

Machine Design II

all 1 p
1
all 1 p

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

16

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

CLAVARINOS EQUATION FOR CLOSE ENDED
WITH DUCTILE MATERIAL

pri 2
pri 2 ro2
z 2 2 , 2 2 , r p
ro ri
ro ri

r z

E
all 1 2 p
t ri
1
all 1 p

Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

17

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

BARLOWS EQUATION FOR THICK CYLLINDRICAL PIPE
WITH HIGH PRESSURE OIL/GAS
INPLACE OF r,

ro

pro

all
t
pro
t
c

Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

18

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

STRESSES IN A ROTATING THICK CYLINDER

dm 2 r
2

r , dm rr
rr

d r
r
r 0
dr
u
du
r
, r ,
r
dr
E
3
C2
2 2
r
r C1 2
8
r
1 3
C2
2 2

r C1 2
8
r
Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

19

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSELS

THERMAL STRESSES IN A THICK CYLINDER

d r
r
r 0
dr
u
du
r
, r ,
T
r
dr
E

E
C2
r r.T r d r 2 C1 2
r
r
E
C2
r.T r d r 2 ET C1 2
r
r
Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

20

PROBLEM STATEMENT
A CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE VESSEL WITH CLOSED
ENDS HAS A INNER RADIUS 1m AND IS SUBJECTED TO
INTERNAL PRESSURE 50 MPa. THE VESSEL MUST BE
DESIGNED SAFELY AGAINST FAILURE BY YIELDING
(TENSION) AND FRACTURE(SHEAR). MATERIAL OF
THE CYLINDER IS A4340 WITH YIELD STRESS 860 MPa,
THERMAL COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION 12.6x10-6 m/0c,
MODULE OF ELASTICITY 2.07x105 MPa.

Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

21

REQUIRED TO FIND
a) The suitable thickness for the vessel
b) Inner state of stress (r , t , l ) at the inner and outer
cylinder surfaces;
c) Mohr's Circle plot for inside and out side cylinder surface
d) The critical section based on max
e) Recalculate the stresses if the cylinder material is ductile
with coefficient of Puaccon is 0.3
f)Recalculate e if the cylinder is open ended.
g) Recalculate e if the cylinder rotates with a angular
velocity of 20 rad/sec;
h) Recalculate e if the temperature distribution in the
cylinder wall is given by T = 1085 -1000(r-ri), where r is in m
Machine Design II

Prof. Dr.N. Absar Chowdhury

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