EFFICIENCY WITHOUT

DESTRUCTION
INTRODUCTION
A Ceramic adiabatic engine has been devaloped by the engineers by
their hard work and intelligence which gives a efficiency of 68%,and
included in it is system od EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation).This has
done a tremendous job of satisfying our energy needs but at the same
time has raised the question on our enviornment.The engineers have
done a significant job on controlling carbondioxide as a exhaust gas
,but other than that a diesel adiabatic engine produces significant
amount of carbon monooxide,methane oxides of nitrogen which are
equally harmfull and are greenhouse gases.
WHY CERAMICS HAS BEEN USED IN BUILDING THE ENGINE?
1. By creating air gaps and a combustion chamber
using ceramic components, we developed an
Adiabatic Engine that substantially reduces
heat rejection from the combustion chamber.
Due to a reduction in the heat loss ratio of the
calorific value of the fuel to 5%, the exhaust gas
energy increases to 48%.In order to efficiently use up the energy that
remains in the exhaust gas after the heat
exchanger of the steam supply system, we
investigated reforming the natural gas fuel and
CO2, and converting them into carbon monoxide
and hydrogen, therefore absorbing the remaining
thermal energy. This increases the calorific value

by about 30% and enables the thermal efficiency

of the engine to increase to 68%.
So ,it is clear that they have very interestingly used carbon dioxide to
produce energy from it ,but in the process increased production of
carbonmonoxide

AIM
To reduce the effect of carbon monooxide using ceramic adsorbent
materials to maintain the adiabatic nature of the system.
WHAT IS ADSORPTION?
Adsorption is a surface phenomenon,this depends on the surface
energy, and also depends on the avaiability of free binding sites.In
maximum compounds we find that there all valancies are satisfied but
in case of the the adsorbent materials we found sometimes it is not
fulfilled as they are not bonded to the other molecules.
There are 2 types of adsorption :
1)Physisorption
2)Chemsorption
According to Irving Langmuir
1)All of the adsorption sites are equivalent and each of them can only
accomodate one molecule.
2)The surface is energetically homogeneous and adsorbed molecules
do not interact with each other.
3)There are no phase transitions.
4)At the maximum adsorption monolayer is formed and it is a localised
surface phenomenon.
Though this idea of monolayer have been countered in many situtaions
which gave rise to BET and Kisluik both of them gives an idea abou the
multilayer adsorption .

CARBON-MONOXIDE

Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom,
connected by a triple bond that consists of two covalent bonds as well
as one dative covalent bond. It is the simplest oxocarbon, and
isoelectronic with the cyanide ion and molecular nitrogen. In
coordination complexes the carbon monoxide ligand is called
carbonyl.Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless
gas that is slightly less dense than air. It is toxic to humans and
animals when encountered in higher concentrations.
EFEECT OF CARBON-MONOXIDE ON THE LIFEFORMS
In closed environments, the concentration of carbon monoxide can
easily rise to lethal levels. On average, 170 people in the United States
die every year from carbon monoxide produced by non-automotive
consumer products. However, according to the Florida Department of
Health, "every year more than 500 Americans die from accidental
exposure to carbon monoxide and thousands more across the U.S.
require emergency medical care for non-fatal carbon monoxide
poisoning" These products include malfunctioning fuel-burning
appliances such as furnaces, ranges, water heaters, and gas and
kerosene room heaters; engine-powered equipment such as portable
generators; fireplaces; and charcoal that is burned in homes and other
enclosed areas. The American Association of Poison Control Centers
(AAPCC) reported 15,769 cases of carbon monoxide poisoning resulting
in 39 deaths in 2007. In 2005, the CPSC reported 94 generator-related
carbon monoxide poisoning deaths. Forty-seven of these deaths were
known to have occurred during power outages due to severe weather,
including Hurricane Katrina. Still others die from carbon monoxide
produced by non-consumer products, such as cars left running in
attached garages. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
estimates that several thousand people go to hospital emergency
rooms every year to be treated for carbon monoxide poisoning.
ADSORPTION OF CARBON-MONOXIDE
Carbon monoxide is adsorbed in cuprous compounds wit support of
high surface area ,but that doesnot fulfill our needs of devicing an
ceramic adsorbent.So ,other scientist has given the data that 5.5 m
mol of Cu (1)supported on zeolite can adsorb 60 ml of carbon
monoxide at room tempareture.
The adsorption material exhibiting a superior adsorption capability

relative to nitrogen oxides (NO) is constituted by a ceramic of oxide

system having an average crystal diameter D, D < 500 such as CeO.
A catalyst is, for example, constituted by CeO and zeolite and C
content of CeO is set to satisfy 10 weight % C 80 weight %.
Zeolite adsorbs hydrocarbon (HC), and HC so adsorbed is oxidized to
activated CHO by CeO. Activated CHO reduces NO adsorbed to CeO.
Though adsorption of nitrogen oxides are include under this heading
but the point still remains the same can this be incorporated with in
the engine and still maintai it's adiabatic nature?

CONCLUSION
This will be a pathdefinning work if it can be performed in the expected
manner ,then we can strike the perfect chord between technology and
enviornment.