Prepared by Mr . Bassam A.

Najri

Summary of tests or reactions in Practical Biochemistry (A).

Organic components of the living

cell

Test or reaction

Give positive for

Molischs Test
Anthrone Test
Benedict's Test

Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate
Reducing sugars

Barfoed's Test

Reacts with monosaccharides

a faster rate than
disaccharides
Reducing sugars

Picric Acid Test

(1)Carbohydrates

Phenyl Hydrazine
Reaction

Reducing sugars

Bial's (Orcinol) Test

pentoses

Aniline Acetate Test

pentoses

Seliwanoff's (Resorcinol)
Test

Ketohexoses and
disaccharides containing a
ketohexose
Polysaccharides

Iodine Test

Mucic Acid Test

Example

Observation and Color

All Carbohydrate
All Carbohydrate
All mono and
disaccharides except
sucrose
All monosaccharides

Purple ( violet ) Ring

Greenish or blue-green color
Red precipitate

All mono and

disaccharides except
sucrose
All mono and
disaccharides except
sucrose
Xylose , Aribinose ,
Ribose
Xylose , Aribinose ,
Ribose
Fructose , Sucrose

Red color

Starch , Dextrin ,
Glycogen , Cellulose

Galactose & any sugar gives -Galactose

galactose upon hydrolysis -lactose, Raffinose
after hydrolysis

Red precipitate

Yellow crystal

Blue green color

Bright red color
Cherry-red color

-Blue color with starch

-Red-blue or purple color
with dextrin
-Red color with glycogen
- no color With cellulose
fine white gritty crystals

Prepared by Mr . Bassam A. Najri

Summary of tests or reactions in Practical Biochemistry (A).

Organic components of the living

cell

Test or reaction

Give positive for

Millons Test

Any compound containing a

phenolic hydroxyl group
Any compound containing
Activated benzene ring
Any compound containing a
Indole group
Amino acids containing a
free NH2 & free COOH

Tyrosine

Peptide bonds (hence

peptides or proteins)
Sulfur-containing amino
acids
Amino acid containing the
guanidinium group

Peptides and proteins

Xanthoproteic Test
Hopkins-Cole (Glyoxylic
Acid Reaction) Test
Ninhydrin Test

(2) Proteins
Biuret Test
Sulfur Test
Sakaguchi Test

Example of amino
acid ( and any
protein containing
that amino acid)
Tyrosine & Tryptophan
Tryptophan
Amino acids
containing a free NH2
& free COOH.

Observation and Color

Pink to dark-red color

Orange color
Reddish - violet ring
-1 amino acids give bluepurple color
-2 amino acids give yellow
color as proline
deep violet color

cysteine

Black precipitate

Arginine

Red orange color