Modulations at AS level

At AS level, any modulations in your aural exam will be one of the following:
- modulation to the dominant
- modulation to the subdominant
- modulation to the relative major/minor
When faced with a modulation question, follow these simple steps for the answer:
1. Work out if the starting key is major or minor
2. Work out if the end key is major or minor
3. Keep the tonic of the first key in your head
4. At the end, sing the new tonic and then quietly sing a scale between the two
- work out how many steps you have moved to find the interval*

Starting key: MAJOR

Final key is minor

Final key is still major

Tonic moves
up a 4th

RELATIVE MINOR

SUB-DOMINANT

Tonic moves
up a 5th

DOMINANT

Starting key: MINOR

Final key is major

RELATIVE MAJOR

Final key is still minor

Tonic moves
up a 4th

Tonic moves
up a 5th

SUB-DOMINANT

DOMINANT

*this is less simple and actually quite tricky. You should practise singing and holding the tonic
along to music until it becomes easier