KIDNEY STONE: High

Risk In Arid Region

Residents

MSc I (BT)

Under the guidance

Apeksha-05,Aditi-02,Neerja-16,

Dr. Bipinraj NK

Prajakta-22,Vipin-37

OBJECTIVE
To study the high risk of kidney stones in arid
regions.
Study Area- Maharashtra
The objective of the present study is:
1. To classify the reported kidney stones patients as
age, gender, and related diseases to kidney stones.
2. To understand the correlation between kidney stones
and arid habitat.

INTRODUCTION
The term kidney stone is sometimes used to refer to
urolithiasis in any part of the urinary tract; however it is
more properly reserved for stones that are actually in the
collecting duct of the kidney itself.
The term nephrolithiasis can be used to describe the
condition of having kidney stones
and ureterolithiasis can be used to describe the condition
of having stones in the ureter. Renal stone disease is one of
the most common afflictions of modern society,
However, surgical treatment, although they remove the
offending stone, do little to prevent the recurrence.

Relation with the Geographical

condition
Kidney stone is well documented for its geographical
as well as time scale prevalence.
A majority of these area are observed in most of water
scarce areas all over the world.
well identified kidney stone prevalence areas all over
the world like USA, Argentina, Africa, UK , Kuwait ,
Iraq , Sri Lanka and India have been observed.

 The same analogy was used by us for

possibility of water scarcity as one of
factor for kidney stone problem in
conducting local hospital-level surveys
environmental conditions.

exploring the
the causative
that area by
and studying

 A survey was conducted by us on college students and

local people residing in Pune district with kidney stone
problem.
Parameters like: gender, family kidney stone history,
personal health history and age group classification was
considered to find out the dominant urolith type from the
study area. Individuals were also assessed based on their
current residential place and native state to determine
whether an arid region contributes to an increased risk or
high prevalence of kidney stone.

Risk Factors
Family or Personal History
Age
Gender
Weight
Dehydration
Certain diets
Digestive Diseases
Surgery

Result

1. A total of 49 kidney stone patients of which

23(46.9%) were females and 26 (53.06%) were
males.
Kidney stone was found to be more prevalent in
males as compared to females.
Gender Vs. Region

Female

Male

The age distribution of the patients was: 22(44.89%) being

between age group of 0-20 and 27(55.1%) were of age
group 20 and above.
It was observed that the frequency of prevalence of
kidney stones was higher in the age group 21-40 residing
in arid regions as compared to other age group people
and semi-arid or non-arid residents.
Age Group Vs. Regions

Cases

3.

The individuals were also distributed according to their native

region, Arid (23 i.e. 46.9%), semi-arid (24 i.e. 48.9%) and nonarid
(2 i.e. 4.08%).

4. It was observed that higher number of kidney stone patients

belonged to arid (47%) and semi-arid (49%) regions as compared
to non-arid (4%) region.
Regional Comparison

Non-arid; 4%

Arid; 47%
Semiarid; 49%

4. Contribution of other diseases such as Diabetes, Heart

problems, Digestive problems, Hypertension and Urinary
tract infection was also observed.
UTI, digestive problems and hypertension were commonly
observed in kidney stone patients at higher frequency.
Diseases relevant to kidney stones

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we found that high risk of kidney stone
was found in residents of arid region of Maharashtra.
The indices of ambient temperature and sunlight
exposure were independently associated with the
prevalence of kidney stones.

REFERENCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wike/urolithiasis, dated-20 th Oct, 2010.

Dr. Khatri Mukesh Parmanand p. The study of homoeopathic remedy profile in the management of
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Chandrajith R, Wijewardana G, Dissanayake CB, Abeygunasekara A. 2006. Biominerology of human urinary

calculi (kidney stones) from some geographic regions of Sri Lanka. Environ Geochem Health. 28:393399.

Pendse AK, Singh PP. 1986. The etiology of urolithiasis in Udaipur (western part of India). Urol Res. 14:59
62.

Rose A, Westbury EJ. 1975. Influence of calcium content of water, intake of vegetables and fruits and of
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http://KidneystonesRiskfactors-DiseasesandConditions-MayoClinic.html

Fig 1:- Central Ground water Board, Central Region, Nagpur.

Fig2:- Brenner B and Rector JRF. (2008) Nephrolithiasis. In: Brenner and Rectors: The Kidney. Philadelphia
(PA): Saunders, 1299-1349.

Fig 3:- Bartoletti R, Cai T, Mondaini N, Melone F, Travaglini F, Carini M, Rizzo M. (2007) Epidemiology
and risk factors in urolithiasis. Urol. Int. 79 Suppl 1:3-7.

Table 1:- Tiselius HG, Ackermann D, Alken P, Buck C, Conort P, Gallucci M. (2001) Guidelines on
urolithiasis. Eur Urol. 40:362-371.