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Bai Giang Matlab 8596
Bai Giang Matlab 8596
B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP
KHOA IN-IN T
BI GING
TIN NG DNG NGNH K THUT IN
i tng:
Lu hnh ni b
MC LC
LI GII THIU ................................................................................................................... 5
CHNG 1: C S MATLAB ............................................................................................. 1
1.1.Khi nim v Matlab ................................................................................................................1
1.1.1.nh ngha .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1.2. Ci t chng trnh ................................................................................................ 2
1.1.3 Khi ng v thot khi Matlab ................................................................................. 5
1.2.Bt u lm quen vi Matlab ....................................................................................................6
1.2.1. Ca s lnh ......................................................................................................... 6
1.2.2.Hiu chnh, sa i dng lnh .................................................................................... 7
1.2.3.Xo ca s lnh ....................................................................................................... 7
1.2.4.Dng mt chng trnh ang chy ............................................................................. 7
1.2.5. Ngn khng cho hin th kt qu tnh ton ra mn hnh ................................................ 7
1.2.6.Dng lnh di .......................................................................................................... 7
1.2.7. Cc Menu ca Matlab .............................................................................................. 8
1.2.8. Mt s phm chuyn dng v lnh thng dng ......................................................... 10
1.2.9.Bin trong Matlab................................................................................................ 11
1.2.10. Cc php ton trong Matlab ............................................................................. 12
1.3.S dng cc lnh trc tip t Matlab ...................................................................................... 14
1.4. S dng cc lnh t file lnh ................................................................................................. 15
1.5. Dng nhc gn gi tr cc bin ............................................................................................... 15
1.6. Cc to mt hm ................................................................................................................... 17
1.7. S dng hm c sn............................................................................................................... 18
1.8. V cc hm ........................................................................................................................... 18
1.9. Lu v ly d liu ................................................................................................................. 19
1.10. Cc ton t Logic v cc lnh iu kin ............................................................................... 19
1.10.1.Cc ton t logic .................................................................................................. 19
1.10.2. Cu trc cu lnh iu kin: .................................................................................. 20
1.11.Vng lp .............................................................................................................................. 23
1.11.1.Vng lp for ........................................................................................................ 23
1.11.2.Vng lp for lng nhau ......................................................................................... 24
1.11.3.Vng lp While .................................................................................................... 24
1.11.4 Cc lnh break, return, error: ................................................................................. 25
1.12. Bin ton cc (global variables) ........................................................................................... 25
1.13.Mt s hm ton hc ............................................................................................................ 26
1.14. nh dng s ....................................................................................................................... 27
LI GII THIU
Hc phn Tin ng dng thuc khi kin thc c s chung ca cc ngnh i hc
k thut chuyn ngnh in. Trang b cho sinh vin nhng kin thc c bn v: Phn
mm Matlab v ng dng ca n m phng cc bi ton iu khin cc qu trnh
cng ngh thng dng
Sau khi ci t xong, chng ta hy xem MATLAB c th lm c nhng g.
Trong phn ny chng ta s trnh by mt s nhng ng dng ca n; v trnh by
tt c nhng ng dng ca MATLAB s rt di v tn thi gian. Nu bn c quyn
hng dn ny, bn s thy MATLAB l ngn ng rt mnh gii quyt nhng vn
quan trng v kh khn ca bn. N s rt hu ch khi bn c phn hng dn c
bn v n s cung cp cho bn nhng kin thc c bn bn hiu r MATLAB v
pht trin c nhng kh nng ca mnh sau ny.
C l cch d nht hng dung v MATLAB l n c y cc c im ca
my tnh c nhn: ging nh cc my tnh c bn, n lm tt c cc php tnh ton hc
c bn nh cng, tr, nhn, chia; ging nh my tnh k thut, n bao gm: s phc,
cn thc, s m, logarithm, cc php ton lng gic nh sine, cosine, tang; n cng
ging nh my tnh c kh nng lp trnh, c th lu tr, tm kim li d liu, cng c
th to, bo v v ghi trnh t cc lnh t ng php ton khi gii quyt cc vn ,
bn c th so snh logic, iu khin thc hin lnh m bo tnh ng n ca php
ton. Ging nh cc my tnh hin i nht, n cho php bn biu din d liu di
nhiu dng nh: biu din thng thng, ma trn i s, cc hm t hp v c th thao
tc vi d liu thng cng nh i vi ma trn.
Trong thc t MATLAB cn ng dng rt rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc v n
cng s dng rt nhiu cc php tnh ton hc. Vi nhng c im v kh nng
thn thin vi ngi s dng nn n d dng s dng hn cc ngn ng khc nh
Basic, Pascal, C.
N cung cp mt mi trng phong ph cho biu din d liu, v c kh nng
mnh m v ho, bn c th to cc giao din ring cho ngi s dng(GUIs)
gi quyt nhng vn ring cho mnh. Thm vo MATLAB a ra nhng cng
c gii quyt nhng vn c bit, gi l Toolbox (hp cng c). V d Student
Edition ca MATLAB bao gm c Toolbox iu khin h thng, Toolbox x l tn
hiu, Toolbox biu tng ton hc. Ngoi ra bn c th to Toolbox cho ring mnh.
Vi nhng kh nng mnh m, rng ln ca MATLAB nn n rt cn thit cho
bn bt u t phn c bn. Sau y chng ta s nghin cu tng phn, v cun sch
ny s gip bn hiu c chng. Trc tin, mt cch n gin nht l chng ta quan
nim nh l mt my tnh c bn, tip theo l nh my tnh k thut v nh my tnh
c th lp trnh c, cui cng l nh my tnh hin i nht. Bng cch quan nim
ny bn s d dng hiu c nhng cch m MATLAB gii quyt nhng vn
thng thng v xem MATLAB gii quyt nhng vn v s phc mm do nh
th no.
Tu thuc vo kin thc ca bn, bn c th tm thy nhng phn trong cun sch
hng dn ny hng th hay bun t...
Nhm sa cha
K tn
K tn
Nguyn Vn A
Nguyn Vn B
K tn
K tn
Nguyn Th A
Nguyn Th B
CHNG 1: C S MATLAB
MC TIU CA CHNG
a. Khi ng windows.
Matlab l mt phn mm chy trong mi trng Windows nn qui trnh ci t
Matlab cng tng t nh vic ci t cc chng trnh phn mm khc trong
Windows, ch cn lm theo cc hng dn ca chng trnh ci t.
b.Tin hnh ci t
- a a CD vo a (nu ci t a CD-ROM)
Do chng trnh c cu hnh theo ch Autorun (t chy) nn khi a a
CD vo a th trnh Setup t ng c kch hot. Trng hp ch Autorun
khng c kch hot (do tp tin Autorun b li), dng. Hoc ta c th kch chut vo
nt Start trn thanh tc v (Task bar) ca windows, chn lnh run, g vo ng dn
ca file, nhn Enter hoc kch vo nt lnh Run. Sau lm theo cc hng dn ca
trnh ci t ca Windows.
tip tc kch
Next, mn hnh hin khung
thng tin Setup v trnh
setup bt u copy cc tp
tin vo th mc ci t.
e.Hon thnh ci t
Sau khi hon thnh
qu trnh Copy cc file ca
chng trnh vo th mc
ci t, mn hnh hin
khung
thoi
Setup
Hnh 1.4. Qu trnh copy file ca chng trnh
Complete. B nh du
vo th mc ci t
Yes, launch the Help
Desk to view the Release Note nu khng mun trnh setup khi ng Help Desk
(phn tr gip). B nh du Yes, launch Matlab nu cha mun khi ng
Matlab ngay. Kch Finish kt thc qa trnh ci t.
Sau khi kt thc ci t ca s k tip l Internet Explorer (nu khng b nh
du Yes, launch the Help Desk to view the Release
Note).
Kch
Close tr v ca s nn Desktop ca windows, biu tng ca Matlab s c t
ng a ra Desktop ca windows..
a) Khi ng MATLAB
Cng nh cc chng trnh ng dng khc chy trn nn Windows, c rt nhiu
cch khi ng Matlab.
Kch p chut vo biu tng Matlab5.3 trn mn hnh Desktop ca Windows:
hoc kch chut theo trnh t nh sau:
Start/ Programs/ Matlab/ Matlab 5.3
Sau khi khi ng xong ca s Matlab Command Window hin ra nh hnh 1.4.
Cng nh cc chng trnh chy trong mi trng Windows khc Matlab
cng c nhng thnh phn giao din ca chng trnh.
Dng trn cng l thanh tiu gm:
+ Tn tri l biu tng chng trnh. Khi kch vo biu tng ny Matlab
hin menu x cha cc lnh lin quan ti vic x l khung ca s chng trnh cng
nh thot khi chng trnh.
+ K tip biu tng l tn chng trnh cng vi ca s chng trnh. Tn
cng l ba biu tng c chc nng phong to, thu nh v thot khi chng trnh.
Dng th hai l thanh menu (Menu bar thanh thc n) ca chng
trnh gm cc menu chnh cha cc lnh lin quan n vic to, x l, gn
thuc tnh,... cho cc i tng, thit lp cu hnh phn mm,...
Dng th ba l thanh cng c (Tool bar thanh cng c) cha biu
tng ng tt (Shortcut) ca cc lnh thng s dng, gip ngi s dng
truy cp nhanh vo cc lnh ca Matlab.
Phn chim gn chn mn hnh l ca s lnh, l ni nhp cc lnh
v hin th kt qu cng nh cc thng tin khc.
Cui cng l thanh tc v hay thanh trng thi (status bar) hin thng
tin v tnh trng ang x l, thc hin i vi i tng.
Trn mn hnh xut hin khung thoi Run Script (hnh 2.9).
G a ch v tn tp tin vo trong khung nhp lnh Run ri kch OK. tm
kim cc tp tin lu trong my, kch vo nt duyt.
T khung thoi Browse chn ngun cha v tn tp tin cn m ri kch vo
Open v khung thoi Run Script
vi ton b ng dn cng tn tp tin
mun m. Kch OK.
- Print Setup :
Hin khung thoi Print
cng cc chc nng ph lin quan n
vic in n (hnh 2.18).
-Exit MATLAB ( Ctrl + Q ):
Thot khi chng trnh
MATLAB v tr v Windows
Hnh 2.18. Ca s Print setup
B.MENU EDITS
- Undo: Hu lnh hoc thao tc thc hin trc . Sau khi chn lnh
Undo hu lnh, lnh s i thnh Redo ngi s dng khi phc nhng g
hu trc vi lnh Undo.
-
C.MENU VIEW
nh du chn hin hay n thanh cng c trong khung ca s lnh
MATLAB COMMAND WINDOW.
D.MENU WINDOW
Hnh 2.20. Menu View
10
chuyn
11
b. Mt s lnh vi bin
clear: lnh xo tt c cc bin c nh ngha trc trong
chng trnh .
-
pi
= 3.1415926535897...
i, j: n v o ca s phc.
a.Php ton s hc
Matlab c hai kiu php ton s hc, l php ton ma trn (matrix
arithmetic operation) v php ton mng (array arithmetic operation). Php ton ma
trn c nh ngha bi cc lut ca i s tuyn tnh. Php ton mng c thc
hin tng ng tng phn t, chng hn php nhn mng hai ma trn A c cc phn t
l a(i,j) v B c cc phn t l b(i,j) c thc hin bng cch nhn tng ng tng
phn t ca A v B:
12
c(i,j) = a(i,j)b(i,j)
phn bit gia php ton ma trn v php ton mng ngi ta a thm vo
trc cc ton t mt du chm ..
Php ton ma trn
Php
Php ton
Ton t
ton
To
n t
Cng
Cng
Tr
Tr.
Nhn
Nhn.
.*
Chia
Chia phi
./
Chia tri
.\
Lu tha.
.^
Php gn.
phi
Chia
tri
Lu
tha
Php
gn
Nh hn:
<
Ln hn:
Bng:
>
==
Biu thc c cc ton t quan h nhn gia tr ng l (true) hoc sai (false).
Trong Matlab, biu thc ng s c gi tr l 1, biu thc sai c gia tr l 0.
V d 1
13
>>12.2>12
ans =
A=
1
>>1~=1
ans =
0
>>
B=[1:3;2:4;10:12]
>> A==B
ans =
B=
1
10
11
4
12
1.3.S dng cc lnh trc tip t Matlab
V d 1: Gii phng trnh bc hai ax2 +bx +c = 0
Ta bit cc nghim ca phng trnh ny c dng:
x =
b2
2a
4ac
14
15
b=input('nhap b= ');
c=input('nhap c= ');
x1=(-b+sqrt(b^2-4*a*c))/2*a)
x2=(-b-sqrt(b^2-4*a*c))/2*a)
Bc 3: Lu li ni
dung tp tin vi tn vidu.m
Bc 4: Quay li ca s Matlab
Command Windows. Ti ca s lnh ta g
tn tp tin.
>>vidu
nhap vao a= 3
nhap vao b= -4
nhap vao c= 1
x1 =
1
x2 =
0.3333
Hai nghim ng vi cc gia tr a,b,c
va nhp vo v l nghim thc.
L
u
16
Z=R+ZL+ZC
i= U/Z
UR=i*R
UL=i*ZL
UC=i*ZC
Sau khi vit xong chng trnh ta kch vo biu tng save trong ca s son
tho v tn l vd1.
Mun chy ta tr li ca s MATLAB command Window v t du nhc lnh:
>> vd1
nhap gia tri cho R = 1000
R=
1000
0.1000
0.2000
0 +62.8319i
ZC =
0 - 0.0318i
Z = 1.0000e+003 +6.2800e+001i
i = 0.2191 - 0.0138i
UR = 2.1914e+002 -1.3762e+001i
UL = 0.8647 +13.7687i
UC = -0.0004 - 0.0070i
1.6. Cc to mt hm
Mi mt file hm ca Matlab (M - file) u c khai bo nh sau:
Function [Tn kt qu] = tn hm (danh sch cc bin).
Phn thn ca chng trnh trong hm l cc lnh ca Matlab thc hin vic tnh
ton gi tr ca i lng c nu trong phn tn kt qu theo cc bin c nu
tronhg phn danh sch bin. Cc bin ch c tc dng ni trong hm va c khai
bo. Tn ca cc bin dc cch nhau bnh du phy (,).
V d ta thnh lp hm i t sang radian:
function rad = change(do)
rad = do*pi/180; % doi do sang radian
17
18
1.9. Lu v ly d liu
Ta c th c th to lp mt file d liu, sau khi cn dng th ly ra. V d to
lp mt ma trn A:
1 1.1 1.2
2 2.1 2.2
3 3.2 3.2
1.2000
2.0000 2.1000
2.2000
3.0000 3.2000
3.2000
>>save dulieu1
Nh vy, ta c mt file d liu (file ny nm trong th mc work ca
Matlab). Khi cn s dng file d liu ny, ta ly nh sau:
>>load dlieu
Sau lnh load, ta c th ly d liu s dng:
>>A
A=
1.0000 1.1000 1.2000
2.0000 2.1000 2.2000
3.0000 3.2000 3.2000
1.10. Cc ton t Logic v cc lnh iu kin
1.10.1.Cc ton t logic
a.Php v( and): K hiu l &
VD: php & 2 ma trn cng c A, B l mt ma trn c cc phn t bng 1 nu
cc phn t tng ng ca c 2 ma trn u u khc 0 v bng 0 nu 1 trong 2 phn
t tng ng ca 2 ma trn bng 0.
>>A=[1 2 7; 0 4 9;1 3 5]; B=[0 2 4; 2 4 6; 3 0 7]; C=A&B
C=
0
19
20
21
22
else
disp (' pt co 2 nghiem phan biet')
x1=(-b+sqrt(d))/2*a
x2=(-b-sqrt(d))/2*a
end
f.Cu iu kin v lnh Break
C php: if< biu thc logic> break
end
thot khi vng lp nu iu kin logic ng. Ngc li s thc hin lnh tip
theo trong vng lp.
1.11.Vng lp
1.11.1.Vng lp for
c php:
23
24
Nu biu thc ng th thc hin nhm lnh A. Khi thc hin xong th kim tra
la iu kin. Nu iu kin vn ng li thc hin nhm lnh A. Nu sai vng lp kt
thc.
1.11.4 Cc lnh break, return, error:
Lnh break: kt thc s th thi vng lp for hoc while
Lnh return: thng c s dng trong cc hm ca Matlab. Lnh return s
cho php quay tr v thc thi nhng lnh nm trong tc dng ca lnh return.
Lnh error (dng nhn): kt thc thc thi lnh v hin th dng nhn trn mn
hnh.
V d:
Chn mt s dng bt k. Nu s l s chn th chia ht cho hai. Nu s
l s l th nhn vi 3 ri cng 1. Lp li qu trnh cho n khi kt qu l 1.
Chng trnh:
while 1
n=input ('Nhap vao mot so : ');
if n<=0
break
end
while n>1
if rem(n,2)== 0% phan du cua n chia cho 2
n=n/2
else
n= 3*n+1
end
end
Khi chy chng trnh ta s thy tc dng ca lnh break (dng chng trnh khi
nhp s m hoc s 0)
1.12. Bin ton cc (global variables)
Matlab cho php s dng cng mt bin cho cc hm hoc gia cc hm
v chng trnh chnh ca Matlab, iu ny c thc hin thng qua vic khai bo
bin ton cc:
Global tn1 tn2 tn3 .
(Tn cc bin cch nhau bng du khong trng, khng s dng du phy).
25
Vic khai bo bin ton cc phi c thc hin chng trnh chnh
hoc file lnh (script) hoc file hm (function) c s dng cc bin. Bin ton cc
c tc dng cho n khi kt thc qu trnh tnh ton hoc khi ton b Workspace c
xo. Khng c a tn bin ton cc vo danh sch cc i s ca hm. Khi s
dng bin ton cc cc lnh sau t ra rt cn thit:
Clear global : Lnh ny cho php loi b cc bin ton cc.
Isglobal(Tn bin) : Lnh ny cho php kim tra xem mt bin no
c phi l bin ton cc hay khng. Nu l bin ton cc th gi tr tr v s l
1.
1.13.Mt s hm ton hc
Mc ny ch gii thiu mt s hm n gin v thng gp trong khi lp
trnh:
Tn hm
C php
Gii thch
sin
sin(x)
hm sin
cos
cos(x)
hm cos
tan
tan(x)
hm tang
asin
asin(x)
hm arcsin
acos
acos(x)
hm arccos
atan
atan(x)
hm arctang
acos
acos(x)
hm arccos
sinh
sinh(x)
hm sin hyperbolic
cosh
cosh(x)
hm cos hyperbolic
tanh
tanh(x)
hm tang hyperbolic
asinh
asinh(x)
hm arcsin hyperbolic
acosh
acosh(x)
hm arccos hyperbolic
atanh
atanh(x)
hm arctang hyperbolic
abs
abs (x)
round
round(x)
fix
fix(x)
floor
floor(x)
lm trn hng v -
ceil
ceil(x)
lm trn hng v +
26
rem
rem(x)
gcd
gcd(x)
c s trung ln nht
lcm
lcm(x)
bi s trung nh nht
exp
exp(x)
lu tha e
log
log(x)
logarit c s e
log2
log2(x)
logarit c s 2
log10
log10(x)
logarit c s 10
1.14. nh dng s
Cc php tnh trong Matlab c thc hin vi chnh xc rt cao. Ta
c th nh dng cho cc s xut ra mn hnh tu theo mun bng cch s dng lnh
format. Lnh ny ch nh hng n vic hin th ca cc s m khng nh hng n
vic tnh ton v lu gi ca Matlab ngha l khng nh hng n chnh xc ca
php tnh.
Ta ly v d vi s 4/3: ti ca s lnh g vo dng lnh >>4/3
format short ( y l ch mc nh ):
a = 1.3333
format short e
a = 1.3333e + 000
format long
a = 1.33333333333333
format long e
a = 1.33333333333333e + 000
format bank
a = 1.33
format hex
a = 3ff5555555555555
format rat
a=4/3
thay i ch nh dng mc nh ta c th Preferences t menu File, chn
nh dng s mong mun t th (tap) General.
Ngoi cc nh dng s trn, cn c hai nh dng b i hoc thm vo cc
dng trng gia cc kt qu ca lnh hoc gia cc dng lnh:
27
format compact
lnh ny xo b cc dng trng lm cho ta c th quan st c nhiu thng tin
hn trn mn hnh hoc ca s.
format loose s thm vo cc dng trng.
NI DUNG THO LUN
1. Ni dung phn tho lun 1: ci t v khai bao bin trong Matlab,
2. Ni dung phn tho lun 2: to v s dng function v script file.
TM TT NI DUNG CT LI
Cch ci t phn mm Matlab v thc hin cc lnh c bn trong Matlab
BI TP NG DNG, LIN H THC T
1. Bi tp ng dng, lin h thc t 1.
Lp trnh M_file thc hin v cc th sau
y1=10sin(x)+cos(2x);
y2=4x2+6x-7
Vi x nm trong khong [-5,5] trn cng 1 trc to
2. Bi tp ng dng, lin h thc t 2.
Lp trnh dng M_File nhp vo mt s n nguyn dng sau tnh v a ra
kt qu tng : S=1+2+3+....+n;
HNG DN T NH
Xem trc phn Symbolic Math Toolbox .
28
hoc
>> x = sym(x, real)
>> y = sym(y)
29
30
>>syms x t
>> y = sin(x^2);
>>z = diff(y);
z = 2*cos(x^2)*x
>>pretty(z) %hin th dng quen thuc
2.cos2x.x
>>y = diff(t^6,6) % o hm bc 6 ca hm t6.
y = 720
>>syms u v
>>y = u^2*v - u*v^3;
>> y2u = diff(y,u,2) %dao ham cap 2 theo u
y2u = 2*v
>> y3u = diff(y,v,3) %dao ham cap 3 theo v
y3u = -6*u
2.2.4. Php tch phn
tnh tch phn ca mt biu thc symbolic ta s dng hm int()
+ int(S) : tch phn khng xc nh ca biu thc symbolic S vi bin mc nh
xc nh bi findsym.
+ int(S, v): Tch phn khng xc nh ca biu thc symbolic S vi bin tch
phn v.
+ int(S,a,b): Tch phn khng xc nh ca biu thc symbolic S vi bin t do
v cn ly tch phn t [a,b].
+ int(S,v,a,b): Tch phn khng xc nh ca biu thc symbolic S vi bin tch
phn v v cn ly tch phn t [a,b].
Vid:
>>syms x t z alpha
>>int(-2*x/(1+x^2)^2)
ans = 1/(1+x^2)
>>int(x/(1+z^2),z)
ans = x*atan(z)
>>int(x*log(1+x),0,1)
31
ans = 1/4
>>int(-2*x/(1+x^2)^2)
ans = 1/(1+x^2)
>> int([exp(t),exp(alpha*t)])
ans = [ exp(t), 1/alpha*exp(alpha*t)]
Vd: Tnh tch phn I =
( sx ) 2
dx
>>Syms x s real
>>f = exp(-(s*x)^2);
>>I = int(f,x,-inf,inf)% inf - Infinity l v cng ln
I=
Signum(s)/s*pi^(1/2)
Hm signum chnh l hm sign (hm du), ngha l sign(s) cho ta:
sign(s) = 1 khi s>0; sign(s) = 0 khi s =0; sign(s) = -1 khi s<0;
2.2.5. Tm gii hn
tm gii hn ca mt biu thc symbolic ta s dng hm limit()
+ limit(F, x, a) : Tm gii hn ca biu thc F khi x
a.
32
>>limit(v,x,inf,left)
ans = [exp(a),0]
2.2.6. Tnh tng ca dy s symbolic
tnh tng ca mt biu thc symbolic ta s dng hm symsum()
+ symsum(S): Tng ca biu thc symbolic theo bin symbolic k , k c xc
nh bng lnh findsym t 0
k -1.
k - 1.
-1/2*sin(k*(n+1))/k+1/2*sin(k)/k/(cos(k)-1)*cos(k*(n+1))-
1/2*sin(k)/k/(cos(k)-1)
>>symsum(k^2,0,10)
ans = 385
>>symsum(x^k/sym(k!), k, 0,inf)
ans = exp(x)
Vi d: Cho tng ca 2 dy
S1 = 1 +
1
22
1
32
S2 = 1 + x + x2 +..
>>syms x k
>>s1 = symsum(1/k^2,1,inf) %inf l v cng.
s1 = 1/6*pi^2
>>s2 = symsum(x^k,k,0,inf)
33
s2 = -1/(x-1)
2.2.7. Tch t s v mu s ca mt biu thc symbolic
[n,d] = numden(A): bin i mi phn t ca A thnh dng hu t trong t s
v mu s l cc a thc (tng i) nguyn t vi cc h s nguyn
V d:
>>syms x y a b
>>A= (4-x)/5;
>>[n,d] = numden(A)
n = 4-x
d=
d = [1, b]
2.2.8 Thay th
Ta c th thay th cc bin trong biu thc bng cc bin hay cc s thuc kiu
khc bi lnh subs hoc lnh subexpr.
Lnh subs c cc dng sau:
+ subs(S): Thay th tt c cc bin symbolic trong biu thc bng cc gi tr c
c t vic gi hm hoc t Workspace ca Matlab.
+ subs(S, new): Thay th bin symbolic t do trong S bng new.
+ subs(S, old, new): Thay th old bng new trong biu thc S. Old l mt bin
symbolic, mt su i din cho mt tn bin, hoc mt biu thc su k t. New c
th l mt bin, mt biu thc symbolic, bin s hoc biu thc s.
V d:
>>subs(a+b,a,4)
ans = 4+b
34
gi thit trong Workspace tn ti a = 980 v C = 3, cu lnh y=dsolve(Dy = a*y) tr v y = exp(-a*t)*C, khi cu lnh:
>>subs(y)
ans = 3*exp(-980*t)
Ta c th thay th nhiu bin mt lc bng cch s dng c php sau:
+ subs(S, {old1, old2, ,oldn}, {new1, new2,, newn})
v d: >> subs(cos(a)+sin(b),{a,b},{sym('x'),2})
ans = cos(x)+sin(2)
Hm (S) vit li biu thc S theo cc biu thc con chung:
[Y,SIGMA]
subexpr(X,SIGMA)
hoc
[Y,SIGMA]
2 cos(x) - sin(x)
>>syms x a
>>s=solve(x^3+a*x+1);
>>pretty(s)
35
36
cos(t)*C1+sin(t)*C2
y = -sin(t)*C1+cos(t)*C2
2.2.12 Bin i laplace v laplace ngc
Php bin i laplace ca hm f(t) c nh ngha nh sau:
L[f](s)
L-1 [f](t)
1 ci
f (s)e st ds
2 j
ae x
b(sin x) d
a x dx
a) I
0
b) I
lim
ax
bx
x
khi x
0.
37
HNG DN T NH
Xem trc phn Ma trn
38
1
4
7
2
5
8
3
6
9
y l mt ma trn c s hng m = 3 v s ct n= 3
nhp matrn trn trong Matlab ta nhp trc tip nh sau
T dng nhc lnh trong ca s command Window >> ta nhp
>> A=[ 1,2,3 ; 4 5 ,6;7 8 9]; hoc >>A=[ 1 2 3
456
7 8 9];
Cc hng c cch nhau bng mt du chm phy (;) nh trn,cc phn t trong
mt hng c cch nhau bng du cch(thanh space) hoc du phy(,) . Kt thc
dng lnh c hoc khng c du ;
Nu khng c du chm phy cui dng th Matlab s in ra kt qu matrn va
nhp
Nh v d trn:
>> A=[ 1,2,3 ; 4 5 ,6;7 8 9] nhn Enter s cho kt qu l
A=
123
456
39
>> b=[1,2,3,4,...
5 6 7 8 9] % y matrn 9 hng v mt ct
40
ans=
1 0 0
0 1 0
zeros(2,3)
ans=
0 0 0
0 0 0
3.2 Ma trn s phc
S phc trong matlab c vit nh sau:
V d s phc
>> a=3+ 4*i
3+4*i dng i ch s o
a=
3+ 4*i
Nu mun ii ch s o
Ta nh ngha ii= sqrt(-1)
Sau bn vit:
>> a=3+ 4*ii
a=
3+ 4*i
>>A=[ 1+2*i , 3+4*i ; 5+6*i, 4+5*i ]
A=[ 1+2*i 3+ 4*i
5+6*i 4+5*i ]
3.3 To vec t
Khi ta cn kho st c tnh ca th no trong mt khong xc nh, khong xc
nh ny c biu din di dng vect
V d kho st c tnh th trong khong x=1 n 100
>> x= 1:100; % x ly gi tr t 1 n100, bc tng ca x l 1
>>t=0: 0.1 : 10;% bc nhy l ca t l 0.1
Cng thc chung to vec t l X=Xmin : bc_tng: Xmax
3.4 Truy nhp cc phn t ca ma trn
truy nhp cc phn t ca ma trn ta lm nh sau:
Gi s ma trn
A=
1
4
7
2
5
8
3
6
9
41
42
43
44
+ 4*x2 - 2*x3= 0
+ 3*x2 - 4*x3= 0
+
x2 + 2*x3= 0
+ 5*x2 - 10*x3= 0
45
46
47
1/(n+2)
1/(2n)]
48
49
R1
e1
R2
R3
e2
50
51
52
53
54
Hin khung thoi Graphics Property ngi s dng thay i cc khung thuc
tnh mc nh cho ph hp vi tc v.
Preferences:
thnh
phn
55
In th trn c trang
MaxAspect In th theo t l
ti a
Print Setup:
Nu c nhiu loi thit b in( v ), th nn
khai bo li trc khi chuyn bn th sang
my in hoc my v.
Cc bc thc hin v mt th:
Kch File / Open.
Kch File / Print Setup, mn hnh hin
khung thoi Print Setup.
Kch chn loi my in, kh giy.
Theo mun.
Kch Ok in.
Print Preview: Xen li th hin hnh trc
khi chuyn sang in
Print:
Hin khung thoi print ngi s dng chn loi my in hoc my v cho
ph hp; chn s lng bn in vi Copies. Nu cn thit kch Properties chn thm
cc thng tin b sung cn thit.
4.2.2 Edit: Hin menu x cha cc lnh con lin quan n vic s l cc i tng
cng nh cc thng s gn cho i tng .
56
Undo: Hu lnh hoc chc nng c thi hnh trc . Sau khi kch lnh Undo
thc hin vic hulnh, Undo s chuyn i thnh Redo c th phc hi nhng
chc nng hu.
Cut ( Ctrl + x): Ct i tng chn trong bn th hin hnh a vo Cliboard
sau dn vo th khc. Sau khi ct i tng chn s bin mt ti v tr
hin hnh. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
Kch vo biu tng Enable Plote Editing trn thanh
cng
c.
Kch chn i tng mun ct.
Kch Edit / Cut. i tng s bin mt ti v tr hin hnh v lu vo Cliboard.
Copy ( Ctrl + c): Sao chp i tng chn trong th hin hnh a vo
Cliboard sau dn vo th khc. i tng sau khi sao chp vn hin din ti
v tr c. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
Kch vo biu tng Enable Plote Editing trn thanh
cng
c.
Kch chn i tng mun ct.
Kch Edit / Copy. i tng s vn hin ti v tr hin hnh v lu vo
Cliboard.
Paste ( Ctrl + v): Dn i tng c Cut hoc Copy vo Cliboard sang th
khc. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
M th mun c dn i tng c lu vo Cliboard.
n Ctrl + v hoc kch vo Paste. i tng s c dn vo th mi hoc v
tr mi ca th c.
di chuyn i tng n v tr mi ta kch vo i tng mun di chuyn.
Khi con tr i thnh mi tn bn u th ko, gi i tng n v tr mi ri
th nt chut.
Clear: Xo i tng c chn trong th.
Kch vo biu tng Enable Plot Editing trn thanh
cng
c.
Kch chn i tng mun xo.
Kch Edit / Clear. i tng s xo mt ti v tr hin hnh.
Select All( Ctrl + a): Chn tt c cc i tng trong th hin hnh x l theo
nhu cu.
57
Preferences).
4.2.3 Tools ( Ctrl + t) :
mn hnh
tng.
Axes Properties:
Gn thuc tnh
dng
khung
thoi
Axes
58
59
menu
Tool
Text
thoi
Edit
Font
Properties.
Trong khung thoi, chn loi font
ch Vn Time; kch chn cc thuc
tnh cho font ch
( kch thc, kiu dng).
Kch Ok.
Unlock Axes Position: Chnh li t l trc to hoc di chuyn th n v tr
khc trong khung ca s ho.
Kch chn biu tng Enable Plot Editing.
Chn trc to x (y) nu l th
2D hoc trc z nu th l 3D.
Kch
menu
Tool
Unloock
Position.
Mun chnh t l cho trc no, kch
chut vo im chnh trong bn
gc ca th v ko vo trong hay
ra ngoi theo hng tm. Nu
mun di chuyn th n v tr
khc, kch chut vo im chnh nm trn mt cnh v ko n v tr khc.
Sau khi thc hin xong, kch li menu Tool. Ln ny lnh Unlock i
thnh Lock Position. Kch Lock Position kho li.
60
Show Legend: Cho hin hoc giu bng phn loi s liu ca th trn mn hnh
M th mun hin bng phn
loi d liu trn mn hnh.
Sau khi th hin trong khung
mn hnh ho, kch Tool /
Show Legend. Ngay cnh
th s xut hin khung phn loi
s liu ca th cng vi mi
loi mang mt mu khc nhau.
giu phn loi d liu th,
kch Tool / Hide legend
Add: Hin bn thanh cng c h tr cho vic thm cc thuc tnh vo th:
Axes: V trc to mi trong khung mn hnh ho.
Kch File / New / Figure.
Kch Tool / Add / Axes. Con tr mouse i thnh hnh ch thp.
Kch chn v tr u tin, kch v ko mouse. Th mouse sau khi c
kch thc ca cc trc to nh.
Line: Thm ng k vo th. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
M th mun thm ng k.
Kch Tool /Add /Line hoc kch biu tng Add Line
cng c.
Kch chn im
u
tin,
ko
mouse n v tr
th hai. Kch li
mouse nh v.
gn thuc tnh
cho
ng
k,
61
Trn thanh
trn thanh
cng c.
Kch chn v tr thm mi tn, ko mouse ly di cho mi
tn.
C th di chuyn mi tn n v tr bt k bng cch kch mouse vo
mi tn ri ko n v tr nh v.
Text: Thm cc k t vo th. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
M th cn thm k t.
Kch Tool / Add / Text hoc kch biu tng
trn thanh
cng c.
Kch chn v tr cn thm k t, nhp k t t bn phm.
Kch vo
62
Trn thanh
63
Trn thanh
4.3.Thc hnh v th 2- D
4.3.1. th tuyn tnh:
th tuyn tnh l loi th 2-D dng
cc on thng ni cc im d liu li vi nhau
to thnh mt biu lin tc.
lnh v Plot:
>> Plot ( tn bin , tn hm)
VD 1: v hm y = sin (x)
>> x = 0 : 0.1 : 10 ;
% To vecter x t 0
10 vi bc 0.1.
50 vi
s im cn v 50 im.
>> x=linspace(0,10,50);
>> y=exp(-x).*sin(x);
>> plot(x,y)
64
65
Mu
K hiu
Kiu
vng
Chm im
ti
Vng trn
xanh
Du x
Du cng
xanh l cy
Du sao
xanh thm
Nt lin
trng
-.
Gch chm
en
--
Gch gch
Khi ta dng lnh: plot(tn bin, tn hm,k hiu mu k hiu kiu ng)
VD 6: v hm Cos(x), cos (2x)
>> x=linspace(0,10,50);
>> y=cos(x);y1 = cos(2*x);
% v y bng du x mu en, y1 bng du
* mu xanh thm
>> plot(x,y,xk,x,y1,*b);
% Tn th
>> title(' Do thi ham cosx & ham cos2x')
>> xlabel(' Truc Hoanh')
>> ylabel(' Truc Tung')
>> grid on
Gn gi tr thanh o: Ngoi gi tr thanh o
theo mc nh ca chng trnh, c th t chia
thang o theo d liu ring.
VD 7:
66
350
300
Doanh thu
250
200
150
100
50
Th1
Th2
Th3
Th4
Th5
Th6
Th7 Th8
Thang
4.3.6. th to cc:
67
90
10
120
60
8
6
150
30
9:
4
2
>> th = [0:.1:10];
180
>> r1 = th;
>> r2 = 5*cos(th)+ 5;
210
330
240
300
270
>> h1 = polar(th,r1,'k.');
>> set(h1,'Markersize',15)
>> hold on
>> h2 = polar(th,r2,'k');% mu en, lin.
25%
30%
8%
22%
4.3.8.Hin nhiu th
6
trong mt mn hnh:
Trong mt mn hnh
th, c th cho hin nhiu
th vi mi th l mt
loi d liu khc nhau.VD
11:
>> a = [3.2 4.1 5 6];
1.5
2.5
3.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
5
4.5
4
3.5
68
3
2.5
1
0.8
4.3.9.Lnh staris:
v th bc thang.
VD 12:
>>x = 0: .25: 10;
>>stairs (x,sin(x))
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
10
>>a = linspace(1,5,50);
>>b = linspace(1,10,100);
0.5
>> z = sin(x)+cos(y);
-0.5
-1
6
Lnh v : plot3(x,y,z) :
10
8
6
4
2
>> a =linspace(0,10,100);
>> b=linspace(0,6,100);
>>[x,y]=meshgrid(a,b);
69
>>z=sin(x)+cos(y);
>> plot3(x,y,z)
Ngi ta dng lnh
mesh(z): hnh v c li.
Vd
>>a=linspace(0,10,100);
>> b=linspace(0,6,100);
>> [x,y]=meshgrid(a,b);
>> z=sin(x).*cos(y);
>> mesh(z)
TM TT NI DUNG CT LI
-Hiu c cch v ha trong h 2D-3D
-V th cho cc hm, Chn kiu ng v mu cho th,
-V th li, nhn, hp cha trc v li ch gii.
BI TP NG DNG, LIN H THC T
70
71
if(i~=j)
g=g*(xa-x(j))./(x(i)-x(j));
end
j=j+1;
end
T=T+g*f(i);
% in ra so lieu
sl=[i x(i) f(i)]
i=i+1; end
Nhp x , y, xa
i = length(x)
j =length(y)
n=i; f=0
i~=j ?
Gn i=1
i<=n ?
Gn j=1; g=1
j<=n ?
i=i + 1
i~=j ?
f= f + g* y(i)
g=g* (Xa-x(j))/(x(i)-x(j)
j=j+1
72
V d 2:
t = 1900:10:1990;
p = [75.995 91.972 105.711 123.203 131.669...
150.697 179.323 203.212 226.505 249.633];
ans =
214.8585
V d : >> x=[1 2 3 4];
>> f=[0.671 0.620 0.567 0.512];
>> interp1(x,f,1.5)
ans =
0.6455
73
f(i-1,j)
f(i,j1)
fk
fe
f(i-1,j1)
xi-1
xi
yi
f(i,j1)
yi-1
fe
fk
yj
yj
yj 1
yj
yj
g ( x, y )
y
y
yj 1
f (i 1, j 1)
f (i, j 1)
xi x
fe
xi xi 1
yj 1
yj
yj 1
yj 1
yj
yj 1
f (i 1, j )
f (i, j )
x xi 1
fk
xi xi 1
74
% xa , ya l to ca im cn tm
% f=[f1 f2 f3 f4] l vctor f t-ng ng vi f(xy)
i=length(x);
j=length(y);
fe=(1/(y(i)-y(i-1)))*((y(j)-ya)*f(1)+(ya-y(j-1))*f(2));% tnh fe
fk=(1/(y(i)-y(i-1)))*((y(j)-ya)*f(3)+(ya-y(j-1))*f(4));% tnh fk
g=(1/(x(i)-x(i-1)))*((x(i)-xa)*fe+(xa-x(i-1))*fk);% tnh g
Thc hin trong command window nh- sau:
>> x=[1 2 ];
>> y=[3 4];
>> f=[5 6 7 8];
>> xa=1.5,ya=3.5;
>> g=C5(x,y,f,xa,ya)
g=
6.5000
C nhiu cch ni suy tuy nhin chng ta ch xem xt hai phng php trn m
thi
5.2 Gii phng trnh phi tuyn
ngha: Dng phng php chia i xc nh nghim ca cc phng trnh.
Ni dung ton hc ca phng php:
Xt phng trnh f(x)=0
Trn khong phn ly nghim [a b], chia i [a b] bi c=(a+b)/2
Nu f(c)=0 th c l nghim ca phng trnh, nu f(c)~=0 th so sanh du ca f(c)
vi f(a) v f(b), f(a)*f(c) < 0 khong phn ly nghim mi l [a c], f(c)*f(b) < 0 th
khong phn nghim l [c b]. Tip tc chia i cc khong phn ly nghim cho n
khi tm c gi tr cn no m f(cn)=0 th cn chnh l nghim.Tuy nhin vic tm
chnh xc cn l rt kh khn ngi ta ch tm nghim gn ng trong mt sai s cho
php, hnh 5.2.
c b
75
Hnh 5.2. th biu din phng
php chia i
76
I= ( f 0
h=
f0
2 f1
2 f2
..........
fN )
b a
N
f (a ), f
f (a ih)
77
78
I= ( f 0
4 f1
2 f2
4 f3
.......... .......... .2 f N
4 fN
fN )
H=(b-a)/N;
f0
f (a ), f1
f ( a i * h)
79
laplace(i,t,s)
dI1=sym('diff(I1(t),t)')
l=laplace(dI1,t,s) % chuyen dao ham I1(t) sang Laplace
Cc lnh ph tr cn ch gii mt bi ton k thuyt mch
1. Lnh collect( f , x) : l lnh nhm tha s chung theo bin
V d f= 2*x + 3*x;
>>f= collect(f,x)
f=
5*x
2. Lnh thay th subs( f,{ x,y,z},{ 1,2,3}) thay th x , y , z bng 1 2 3
>> syms x;
>> syms R1 R2 R3;
>> f= R1+R2 + R3*x;
>> subs(f,{R1,R2,R3},{1,2,3})
ans =
3+3*x
3. Gii phng trnh :
Chng ta thay th phn t laplace(I1(t),t,s) bng LI1 nh sau
>> syms t s;
>> sym(' diff( I1(t),t)');
>> l=sym(' diff( I1(t),t)');
>> l=laplace(l,t,s)
l=
s*laplace(I1(t),t,s)-I1(0)
Ch : Sau khi gii ra nghim dng, p theo laplace th ta chuyn i ngc li dng
hm bin i ngc laplace (hm ngc l illaplace)
80
V d c th
Cho mch in c cc phng trnh nh sau:(dI1/dt)*R1 + R2 = I1*R3
% gii h phong trnh trn bang cch bin i sang laplace
%chng trnh vit trong M-file v c ghi trong file C5.m
syms R1 R2 R3 real;
I1=sym('I1(t)');
dI1=sym('diff(I1(t),t)');
eq1= dI1*R1 +R2-I1*R3;
syms t s ;
q1=laplace(eq1,t,s)
syms I1p;
q2=subs(q1,{R1,R2,R3,'I1(0)','laplace(I1(t),t,s)'},{1,2,3,2,I1p})
q2=collect(q2,I1p);% nhm li tha s chung l I1p
I1p=solve(q2,I1p)% Gii phng trnh trn vi bin I1p
ilaplace(I1p)% bin i ngc li sang I1(t)
Kt qu khi thc hin chng trnh trn l:
>>C5
q1 =
R1*(s*laplace(I1(t),t,s)-I1(0))+R2/s-R3*laplace(I1(t),t,s)
q2 =
s*I1p-2+2/s-3*I1p
I1p =
2*(s-1)/s/(s-3)
% kt qu I1(t)
ans=
2/3+4/3*exp(3*t) % kt qu I1(t)
5.4 Gii h phng trnh i s tuyn tnh
Phn ny trnh by chng II 'Th vin ton hc Symbolic'
Mun gii trc ht hm phi l hm symbolic ca mt hoc nhiu bin no
>>syms x y;
>> [x,y]=solve('x+y=1','x-11*y=5',x,y)
x=
4/3
y=
-1/3
> syms x y;
81
82
Examples:
dsolve('Dx = -a*x') returns
ans = exp(-a*t)*C1
x = dsolve('Dx = -a*x','x(0) = 1','s') returns
x = exp(-a*s)
y = dsolve('(Dy)^2 + y^2 = 1','y(0) = 0') returns
y=
[ sin(t)]
[ -sin(t)]
S = dsolve('Df = f + g','Dg = -f + g','f(0) = 1','g(0) = 2')
returns a structure S with fields
S.f = exp(t)*cos(t)+2*exp(t)*sin(t)
S.g = -exp(t)*sin(t)+2*exp(t)*cos(t)
Y = dsolve('Dy = y^2*(1-y)')
Warning: Explicit solution could not be found; implicit solution returned.
Y=
t+1/y-log(y)+log(-1+y)+C1=0
dsolve('Df = f + sin(t)', 'f(pi/2) = 0')
dsolve('D2y = -a^2*y', 'y(0) = 1, Dy(pi/a) = 0')
S = dsolve('Dx = y', 'Dy = -x', 'x(0)=0', 'y(0)=1')
S = dsolve('Du=v, Dv=w, Dw=-u','u(0)=0, v(0)=0, w(0)=1')
w = dsolve('D3w = -w','w(0)=1, Dw(0)=0, D2w(0)=0')
y = dsolve('D2y = sin(y)'); pretty(y)
S dng ode23 v ode45 dng gii phng trnh vi phn thng
Cu trc: [T,Y] = ODE23(ODEFUN,TSPAN,Y0)
TSPAN = [T0 TFINAL] t hp h phng trnh vi phn y' = f(t,y) t thi gian T0 n
TFINAL vi gi tr ban u Y0.
Hm ODEFUN(T,Y) chc chn tr v mt vc tor ct tng ng vi f(t,y). Mi hng
trong mng kt qu Y tng ng thi im(t) tr v trong column vector T
ly kt qu ti cc thi im T0,T1,...,TFINAL(tt c l tng u hoc gim
u) s dng TSPAN = [T0 T1 ... TFINAL].
V d:
[t,y] = ode23(@vdp1,[0 20],[2 0]);
plot(t,y(:,1));
% giai phuong trinh vi phan bac hai sau
83
0.2895 1.7484
0.0171 2.0319
-0.3011 2.3615
-0.6642 2.7362
-1.1987 3.2858
1.4006
1.6323
1.8804
2.1408
-1.9498
-2.9833
-4.3902
-6.2933
4.0557
5.1132
6.5518
8.4990
84
4
0.512
[0,3]
TM TT NI DUNG CT LI
Sinh vin nm c nhng kin thc c bn v ni dung, cu trc cu lnh ca
cc phng php tnh p dng cho cc bi ton ng dng, bi ton k thut
BI TP NG DNG, LIN H THC T
1. Bi tp ng dng, lin h thc t 1.
Tm nghim gn ng hm (phng php Newton)
y = x3 5x2 +6x+1
2. Bi tp ng dng, lin h thc t 2.
Lp chng trnh tnh tch phn (phng php hnh thang) sau:
1
4x 2 cos(x)dx
I
0
HNG DN T NH
Tnh tch phn hm y = (1+ x2 3x3+ + 4x5)dx vi cn a=-1, b =1 theo phng php
Simson.
85
86
Cc khi
th vin
Ca
Simulink
87
Hm
con
ca
khi
source
To mi trng lm vic
T ca s Library Browser (xem hnh trn) ta kch chut vo file danh sch cc
mc New , Open , Preferences xut hin .
to mi trng lm vic (vng v m hnh) ta chn mc New ri chn Model
Ctr+N mt ca s lm vic xut hin
88
Ca s lm vic nh sau
t li tn cho m hnh bng cch vo mc file -> Save as
6.3. Phng php xy dng m hnh
Tt c cc bc trn l chun b cho vic xy dng m hnh m phng
Gi s ta mun xy dng m hnh phn tch sng sin trn ca s lm vic nh
sau:(xem hnh v di y)
Cc bc:
89
Sau khi to mi trng lm vic mi (cc bc gii thiu trn) tip n tm khi
Dng chut
Ko sang vng
ca s lm vic
hm sin trong khi th vin no ( bng cch chn tng khi bng chut t cc mc
di Simulink) v d ny hm to sin trong khi Source (xem hnh trn), dng
chut chn vo khi SineWave gi nguyn chut ri ko sang vng ca s lm vic ,
trn ca s lm vic xut hin khi hm SineWave, tng t ta lm nh vy vi
Scope trong khi Sink vic ni cc khu vi nhau c cc mi tn , dng chut ni cc
mi tn li.
t li cc thng s ca cc hm bng cch kch i ln cc khi(cc khi trong
vng ca s lm vic). i vi khi SinWave th c cc thng s c th thay i c
l:
+ Chu k( tn s) Frequency(rad/s)
+ Bin Amplitude
90
91
V chn Start
92
f(t) = 80exp(-1/80t)sin(0.25+pi/3)
Tm tt ni dung ct li
Sinh vin nm c nhng kin thc c bn v m hnh ha, m phng h
thng ng s dng Simulink vn dng vo cc bi ton k thut.
93
2.
94
HNG DN T NH
- S dng SIMULINK m hnh ho h thng ng hc
-
Lp chng m phng
Yu cu bi:
Cho cc tham s ca b PID: KP =5; Ki = 2; Kd = 0
Cho u vo l hm 1(t), kho st qu trnh qu trong hai trng hp sau:
1. Khng b: K = 0
Thi gian qu : Tqd =20sec
qu iu chnh
max
ca h thng:
max
= 32.7
max
= 24.9
2. Khng b: K = 1
Thi gian qu : Tqd =20sec.
qu iu chnh
max
ca h thng:
95
96
DANH MC T KHA
97