DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BHARATH UNIVERSITY CHENNAI-600073

OCTOBER 2010
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report SIX BAR SLIDER CRANK POWER
HAMMER MECHANISM is the bonafide work of YEMMINA
MADHUSUDHAN who carried out the project work under my
supervision.

Dr. T.J. PRABHU

JOSE ANANTH VINO. V

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

GUIDE

Mechanical Department

PROFESSOR

BHARATH UNIVERSITY

Mechanical Department

173, Agaram road, Selaiyur, Chennai 73.

BHARATH UNIVERSITY
173, Agaram road, Selaiyur, Chennai 73

AIM:
To design and fabricate a simple mechanical operated power hammer by
applying the principle of kinematic arrangement and machine design concepts.

1.

1.1

INTRODUCTION TO MECHANISMS

Concept of degrees of freedom

In the design or analysis of a mechanism, one of the most important concern is the
number of degrees of freedom (also called movability) of the mechanism. It is defined
as the number of input parameters (usually pair variables) which must be
independently controlled in order to bring the mechanism into a useful engineering
purpose.

Degrees of Freedom of a Rigid Body in a Plane

The degrees of freedom (DOF) of a rigid body are defined as the number of
independent movements it has. Figure 1.2 shows a rigid body in a plane. To
determine the DOF of this body we must consider how many distinct ways the bar
can be moved. In a two dimensional plane such as this computer screen, there are 3
DOF. The bar can be translated along the x axis, translated along the y axis, and
rotated about its centroid.

Fig 1.2

fig 1.3

Degrees of Freedom of a Rigid Body in Space

An unrestrained rigid body in space has six degrees of freedom: three
translating motions along the x, y and z axes and three rotary motions around the x, y
and z axes respectively in the as shown in the fig 1.3
1.4

Kutzbach Criterion Equation

Consider a plane mechanism with number of links. Since in a mechanism,

one of the links is to be fixed, therefore the number of movable links will be ( -1)
and thus the total number of degrees of freedom will be 3(n-1) before they are
connected to any other link. In general, a mechanism with number of links
connected by j number of binary joints or lower pairs (i.e. single degree of freedom
pairs) and h number of higher pairs (i.e. two degree of freedom pairs), then the
number of degrees of freedom of a mechanism is given by
n = 3( -1)-2j-h
This equation is called Kutzbach criterion for the movability of a mechanism
having plane motion.
If there are no two degree of freedom pairs (i.e. higher pairs), then h= 0,
substituting h= 0 in equation 1, we have
n=3( -1)-2j

1.5

Four bar chain mechanism

The simplest and the basic kinematic chain is a four bar chain or quadratic

cycle chain, as shown in below fig. It consists of four links p, q, l and s, each of them
forms a turning pair. The four links may be of different lengths. According to
Grasshofs law for a four bar mechanism, the sum of the shortest and longest link
lengths should not be greater than the sum of the remaining two link lengths if there is
to be continuous relative motion between the two links.

According to Grasshofs law for a four bar mechanism, the sum of the shortest
and longest link lengths should not be greater than the sum of the remaining two link
lengths if there is to be continuous relative motion between the two links.
A very important consideration in designing a mechanism is to ensure that the
input crank makes a complete revolution relative to the other links. The mechanism in
which no link makes a complete revolution will not be useful. In a four bar chain, one
of the links, in particular the shortest link, will make a complete revolution relative to
the other three links, if it satisfies the Grasshofs law. Such a link is known as crank
or driver.
1.6

Single Slider Crank Mechanism

A single slider crank chain is a modification of the basic four bar chain. It

consists of one sliding pair and three turning pair. It is, usually, found in reciprocating
steam engine mechanism. This type of mechanism converts rotary motion into
reciprocating motion and vice versa.
In single slider crank chain, as shown in below fig the links 1 and 2, links 2
and 3, and links 3 and 4 form three turning pairs while the links 4 and 1 form a sliding
pair.

The link 1 corresponds to the frame of the engine, which is fixed. The link 2
corresponds to the crank; link 3 corresponds to the connecting rod and link 4
corresponds to cross- head. As the crank rotates the cross-head reciprocates in the
guides and thus the piston reciprocates in the cylinder.

2.

Study of Power Hammers

Until now we have confined ourselves to study of hand tools used in smithy
work. They certainly perform very well so far as the hand- forging is concerned, but
their use for satisfactory production is limited to small forging only. It would not be
difficult to understand that the intensity of blows, however great one may try to
achieve through hand hammering, will not be sufficient enough to effect the proper
plastic flow in a medium sized or heavy forging. For this, a power hammer is usually
employed. The capacity of these hammers is given by the total weight of their falling
parts i.e., tup or ram and die. A 200 kg hammer will be one of which the falling parts
weigh 200 kg. The heavier these parts and greater the height from which they fall.
The higher will be intensity of blow the hammer will provide. Power hammers in
common use are of different types e.g. spring power hammers, pneumatic power
hammers, Steam hammers and Drop or Forge hammers and six bar slider crank power
hammers. These hammers are named partly after their construction, partly according
to their way of operation. Apart from these, a large number of forging presses and

machines are used in forging work. In the following articles these hammers and
machines will be discussed in detail.

2.1

Types of Power Hammers

2.1.1

Helve hammer
Helve hammers are well adapted for general engineering work where the size

of the stock is changed frequently. They consist of a horizontal wooden helve,

pivoted at one end with a hammer at the other end. An adjustable eccentric raises the
hammer which when falls strikes a blow. They are made in sizes from 5 to 200kg.
2.1.2

Trip Hammer
Trip hammers have a vertically reciprocating ram that is actuated by toggle

connection driven by a rotating shaft at the top of the hammer. Trip hammers are also
built in sizes from 5 to 200 kg. The stroke range of both helve and trip hammers
ranges from about 400 per minute for small sizes to about 175 for large size.

2.1.3

Lever-Spring Hammer
They are mechanical driven hammers with a practically constant lift and an

insignificantly variable striking power. It only increases with increasing operating

speed and thus has increases number of strokes per minute. The ram is driven from
rocking lever acting on an elastic rod. The rocking lever consists of a leaf spring so
that an elastic drive is brought about.
They are suitable for drawing out and flattening small forgings produced in
large numbers. Their disadvantage is the frequent breaking of springs due to
vibrations when in operations.
Spring hammers are built with rams weighing from 30 to 250 kg. The number
of strokes varies from 200 to 40 blows per minute.

2.1.4

Pneumatic hammer

The hammer has two cylinders compressor cylinder and ram cylinder. Piston
of the compressor cylinder compresses air, and delivers it to the ram cylinder where it
actuates the piston which is integral with ram delivering the blows to the work. The
reciprocation of the compression piston is obtained from a crank drive which is
powered from a motor through a reducing gear. The air distribution device between
the two cylinders consists of rotary valves with ports through which air passes into
the ram cylinder, below and above the piston, alternately. This drives the ram up and
down respectively.

2.1.5 Hydraulic hammer

In this hammers instead of air oil was used. The cost hydraulic hammer is
high as compared to the pneumatic hammers. Hydraulic hammer is used in high force
applications. These are noise less.

3.

PRESENT SCENARIO OF POWER HAMMER AND

MECHANISMS

3.1

Power hammers
Unfortunately, using presently available power hammers and formers can

subject users to a number of inherent disadvantages. Generally, presently available

power hammers and formers are expensive and may cost on the order of tens of
thousands of dollars putting them out of reach of all but the largest metalworking
operators. Presently, available power hammers and formers tend to be bulky and
occupy large footprints making them unsuitable for small-scale operations. In
addition, presently available power hammers and formers can require precise, custom
machined die sets, which may be unusable with other machinery, in order to provide
proper operational clearance. Finally, presently available power hammers and formers
can be operated by linkage drives that have the capacity to literally destroy the
machines if proper die set-ups and clearances are not maintained.

Recent research of power hammer

The present disclosure addresses a power hammer assembly providing users
with the metal forming advantages associated with power machinery at a reduced
expense and in a smaller footprint than presently available power hammer systems. In
general, the power hammer assembly of the present invention provides threedimensional shaping capabilities, which have application in the forming of custom
metal products such as, for example, customized motorcycle and automotive parts.
The power hammer assembly of the present disclosure can be fabricated and
assembled in a kit fashion with commonly available tools to reduce costs.
Alternatively, the power hammer assembly of the present disclosure can be purchased
in an assembled configuration. In one aspect, a power hammer assembly of the
present disclosure provides powered forming capabilities while remaining economical
with respect to performance, vibration, and footprint size and acquisition costs. In
some embodiments, the power hammer assembly can comprise a power assembly for
providing a single stroke speed and/or a single set stroke with respect to the striking
of die assemblies against a piece of metal. In some embodiments, the power hammer
assembly of the present invention can comprise a larger throat area and/or a larger die
gap than presently available power hammers to facilitate ease of use. In some
embodiments, the power hammer assembly of the present invention can comprise
adjustment features allowing for the use of die sets of varying configurations such as,
for example, shank size, shank length or alternatively, die sets fabricated for use with
other machinery. In some embodiments, the power hammer assembly of the present
invention can comprise a belt transmission assembly designed to slip in the event of
die interference during set-up or operation so as to avoid damaging the power
hammer assembly. In some embodiments the power hammer assembly of the present
invention includes fine adjustment means for spacing between the upper and lower
die.
3.2

Mechanism

Four bar parallel linkage mechanism for toe movement

In recent research the four bar linkage mechanism is used for the humanoid
robots for the free movement of their toe. Using this mechanism the major part of the
force acts on the non-movable portion of this link rather then on the toe tip. Because
of this it is possible to decrease the constraint on the joint. At the same time the
following multiple roles of the toe are expected. One it to generate a large kicking
force at the toe pad and another is to maintain multiple contact with the floor by the
toe joint control.

4.

SIX BAR SLIDER CRANK POWER HAMMER

MECHANISM

10

4.1

Construction
As shown in above diagram it consists of 5 links, and one fixed link. The five

links are crank (link 1), link 3. Connecting rod (link 4), Crank (link 5) and Ram die
(link 2).Column can be considered as a fixed link. The link 1 rotates about a turning
pair F, it is rotated by a pin joint axis, the link 3 and link 1 is connected by a turning
pair E. The connecting rod (link 4) and link 3 are connected by a turning pair D. The
crank (link 5) is fixed at a turning pair A and oscillates about the pin joint axis. Crank
(link 5) and connecting rod (link 4) are connected by a turning pair B.
Ram Die (link 2) and connecting rod (link 4) are connected by a sliding pair
C. Ram Die and composite bush are connected by a sliding pair G.
Crank (link1) is joined at turning pair F to the column and also crank (link 5)
is joined at turning pair A. Column is welded to the base, vice (not shown in above
fig) is fitted to the column for holding the work piece. All the links, Column, Base
and Vice are made up of Mild Steel, they are rigid enough to absorb the vibrations
and shocks produced during work. Composite bush is made up of two materials outer
one is of Mild Steel and the liner is made up of Gun Metal to prevent from wear, tear
and corrosion resistance. A handle is provided at point E, with the help of the handle
the crank (link 1) is rotated.

4.2

Working Principle
The Crank (link 1) rotates at a fixed axis at F it is joined to link 3. As the link

1 is rotated the motion is transmitted to the link 3 which is connected at point E. The
motion is further transmitted to the connecting rod which is joined with the link 3 at
D. Finally the connecting rod transmits the motion to the Ram Die (link 2) which
reciprocates at a fixed path G. The Connecting rod (link 4) and Ram Die (link 2) are
connected at C, Where a slot is provided for getting a straight line motion of the ram
Die. The crank (link 5) is provided for oscillating the connecting rod at a fixed path.

11

4.3

Manufacturing Process

4.3.1 Cranks (link 1 and 5)

A mild steel material of the required dimension is cut on the power hack saw
machine. After cutting process is over the fillet is provided over the edges by using a
hand grinder. After a drill of diameter 6 mm is made. Finally the filing was done on
the bench vice.

4.3.2 Connecting Rod

A mild steel material of the required dimension is cut on the power hack saw
machine. After cutting process is over the fillet is provided over the edges by using a
hand grinder, after providing fillets drilling operation of required diameter is done
after completing this process now we proceed towards milling the slot of 65 x 8 x 6
mm3 by using an end mill cutter. Finally filing was done on bench vice to remove
unnecessary sharp corners.

4.3.3 Ram die

Mild steel material of required dimension is cut on power hack saw. The
material was fixed on the chuck in a lathe machine for doing facing and turning
operations. Polishing was done for good surface finish. Chamfers were made for
removing sharp corners. A hole was drilled at the end of the ram of the required size
for fixing the slider pin. A slot was milled on the rod to insert the connecting rod in
the slot and fixing it in the slider pin. At the other end of the ram a hole of required
size was made and then later it was taped at the same end to make the fixing
adjustment of the punch with the help of a screw.

4.3.4 Composite Bush

12

It was manufactured by two different materials one of Mild steel and other
was liner made up of Gun metal. The outer one is made up of Mild steel on which
facing and turning operations were done on a lathe and then the inner one was made
up of Gun metal on which facing and turning were carried out of the required size
then the liner was inserted in the outer bush by the application of a press fit.

4.3.5 Column
The Column is made up of Mild Steel of required dimension. First the
marking for the holes to fix the links were done on the column. The outer profile was
marked and then made to cut on a gas cutter, and then it was milled to the required
size and then finally chamfering was done to remove unnecessary sharp corners and
edges. Drills were drilled on the column for bearings, turning pairs F and A. Then the
composite bush was welded on the column. Vice was fitted on the column by the
application of welded joints for holding the work piece.

4.4

Determination of Degrees of Freedom

The formula for finding the degree of freedom from the Kutzbach equation is

given below
n = 3( -1)-2j-h
Where,
n = Degree of freedom
= no of links

j = no of lower pairs
h = no of higher pairs
Links:
a)

Fixed link

b)

Crank (link 1)

c)

Crank (link 5)

d)

Link 3

13

e)

Connecting Rod

f)

Ram Die

Therefore, number of links = 6

Lower pairs:
a)

Turning pair F

b)

Turning pair E

c)

Turning pair D

d)

Turning pair A

e)

Turning pair B

f)

Sliding pair C

g)

Sliding pair G

Therefore, number of lower pairs = 7

Number of higher pairs = 0
Therefore,

n = 3( -1)-2j-h
h=o
n = 3( -1) -2j
n = 3(6-1) -2 x 7
n=3x52x7
n = 15 14
n=1

Therefore, the mechanism has single degree of freedom.

4.5

Applications

4.5.1 Forging
Forging refers as the process of plastically deforming metals or alloys to a
specific shape by a compressive force exerted by some external agency like hammer,
Press, rolls, or by an upsetting machine of some kind. The portion of a work in which
forging is done is termed the forge and the work is mainly performed by means of

14

heavy hammers, forging machines, and presses. Forging processes are among the
most important manufacturing techniques since forging is used in small tools, railroad
equipment, automobile, and aviation industries.
A number of operations are used to change the shape of the raw material to the
finished form. The typical forging operations are:
1.

Upsetting.

2.

Fullering.

3.

Drawing down.

4.

Setting down.

5.

Punching.

6.

Bending.

7.

Welding.

8.

Cutting.

All these operations are carried out with the metal in a heated condition,
which must be maintained by taking a fresh heat when the work shows sign of
getting cold.
Forging Processes
The processes of reducing a metal billet between flat-dies or in a closedimpression die to obtain a part of predetermined size and shape are called smith
forging and impression-die forging respectively. Depending on the equipments
utilized they are further sub-divided as hand forging, hammer forging, press forging,
drop forging, mechanical press forging, upset or machine forging.
In general, the methods of forging may be classified as follows:

15

FORGING
PROCESS
IMPRESSION
DIE

SMITH

Hand

Drop

Power

Press

Machine

Hammer

Press

4.5.2 Press
Press working involves production of final component from sheet metal in
cold condition. The machine which is used to apply the required pressure of force in a
short duration is called press. The press consists of a frame, supporting bed and ram.
The ram is equipped with special punches and moves towards and into the die block
which is attached to a rigid body. The punch and die block assemble are generally
referred to as a die set or simply die.
A disadvantage of press working is that the operations are carried out at
room temperature and the metal is less deformable of strain hardening.
Classification of Presses
Presses are classified in various ways as listed below.
(i)

Mechanical press.

(ii) Hydraulic press.

16

Press Tool Operations

A large number of operations can be performed by using press tools, and all
press tool operations can be broadly classified into two types.
1. Cutting operations.
(i)

Blanking,

(ii)

Piercing

(iii)

Lancing,

(iv)

Cutting off and Parting,

(v)

Notching,

(vi)

Shaving, and

(vii)

Trimming.

2. Shaping operations
(i)

Forming (embossing, Beading and Cutting, Bulging etc.),

(ii)

Drawing, and

(iii)

Bending.
II.

1.

DESIGN CALCULATIONS

Determination of length of the links

For evaluating the length of the links we made prototype, Length of the links

is proportionally taken according to the diagram of the Six bar Slider crank Power
hammer mechanism. By checking the movability after more and more trails of link
lengths we finalized the dimensions as shown below
1.

crank (link 1)

120mm

2.

Ram die link2

420mm

3.

link3

440mm

4.

connecting rod(link4) =

655mm

17

5.

2.

crank (link 5)

120mm

Design calculation for finding the width and thickness of the

links
This mechanism is designed for applying a compressive force of 0.6 tonnes for
forging or press operation.

Minimum cross sectional area required to transmit is 0.6 tonnes load (A):
load
permisible shear stress

p
[]

mm 2

taking M.S for link design yield sress ( y )

= 300 N / mm 2

adopting factor of safety

permisible

shear stress []

= 300/4
p
=
[ ]

minimum area required

Effective area (A)

= 80mm

= 75 N/mm
=

6000/75

The formula for the minimum effective area is obtained as bt (dt) it can be
observed in the link as in the fig2.1

18

Fig 2.1
In fig 2.1 hatched portions indicates minimum effective cross sectional area in the
entire mechanism. We know that stress is inversely proportional to the area, so the
minimum area leads to increase the stress. So it is always preferred to design any
machine by taking minimum cross sectional area as effective area.
Effective

area (A)

bt - (d t) mm

= thickness of the link in mm

= diameter of pin hole in mm

where,
t
Effective

breadth of the link in mm

area (A) = 80mm

For safe design bt - (d t) 80 mm 2

19

From the design of bolt we obtained diameter of pin as 6mm, by keeping the diameter
of pin constant and by trail and error method we obtained the breadth and thickness of
the link as 20mm and 6mm respectively.

3.

Design calculation for bolt diameter

3.1

Calculation of Stress Concentration

Stress concentration factor is given by,

Kt =

Maximum stress
Nominal stress

Nominal stress is given by,

nom =

p
(w - a)h

The below diagram is for the finite width plate with a transverse hole.

We know that width of the plate W = 20mm

Thickness of the plate h = 6mm
Nominal stress is given by,
nom =

p
(w - a)h

Where,

20

P = tensile force
= 0.6 tonne
= 0.6 1000 9.81
= 5886N
Therefore,
nom =

5886
(20 - a)6

Kt =

max
nom

nom =

max
kt

5886
150
=
( 20 a)6
2. 3
5886
= 65.22
(120 6a)

5886 = 65.22(120-6a)
5886 = 7826.5 391.32a
5886 7826.5 = - 391.32a
- 1940.5 = - 391.32a
Therefore

a=

1940 .5
391 .32

a = d (diameter) = 4.99mm
Due to dynamic characteristics of links the diameter of pin is selected as 6 mm.

3.2

Calculation for bearing stress.

For M.S material

y =

300 N/ mm 2

Factor of safety = 2
Permissible bearing of crushing stress = ( b ) =

21

y
n

= 300/2 = 150N/ mm 2
Bearing stress ( b )

p
d +n

P = 0.6 + 1000 9.81N

d = 6mm
t = 6mm
n=2
(b )

0.6 1000 9.81

6 6 2

81.75 N/ mm 2
The bearing stress is greater than 81.75 N/ mm 2 , so the design is satisfactory.

Design for punching operation

Permissible shear stress is given by,

y = 0.6y

= 0.6

300

= 180 N/ mm 2
y

load
shear area

6000
shear area

Shear area for punching operation can be observed from above diagram is dt
Where,

d = diameter of blanking or piercing hole in mm.

t = the thickness of the blank in mm.

22

Shear area = dt =

6000
180

dt = 33.3 mm 2
Therefore

t=

33 .3
7

t = 1.5mm

.III OPERATION SHEETS

1.

CRANK (LINK 1)

23

Description

: Crank 1

Part No

:1

Material

: Mild Steel.

Required size

: 120mm x 20mm x 6mm

SL. NO

MACHINE

OPERATION

TOOL

GAUGE

Vernier
1

Power saw

Cutting

Hacksaw

caliper, steel
rule

Grinding

Grinding

Fillet

Drilling

Drill 6 x 6

Drill bit

Drilling

Drill 6 x 6

Drill bit

Bench vice

Filing

Flat file

2.
Description

: Die

Part No

:2

wheel

RAM DIE

24

Vernier
caliper
Vernier
caliper

Material

: Mild Steel.

Required size

: 20mm x 420mm

SL. NO

MACHINE

OPERATION

Power saw

Cutting

Lathe

Facing

Lathe

Drilling

Drilling

Tapping

Milling

TOOL
Hacksaw

Vernier caliper,

blade

steel rule

Single point
cutting tool

Drilling 10x2

GAUGE

Vernier caliper

Drill 20

Vernier caliper

Drill 4.5 x 5

Drill 4.5

Vernier caliper

Drill 6 x 6

Drill 6

Vernier caliper

M6 internal
thread

End mill

Slot

3.
Description

: LINK 3

Part No

:3

Tap

cutter

LINK 3

25

Vernier caliper

Material

: Mild Steel.

Required size

: 440mm x 20mm x 6mm

SL. NO

MACHINE

OPERATION

TOOL

GAUGE

Vernier
1

Power saw

Cutting

Hacksaw

caliper, steel
rule

Grinding

Grinding

Fillet

Drilling

Drill 6 x 6

Drill bit

Drilling

Drill 6 x 6

Drill bit

Bench vice

Filing

Flat file

4.

wheel

CONNECTING ROD

Description

: Connecting Rod

Part No

:4

Material

: Mild Steel.

Required size

: 655mm x 20mm x 6mm

26

Vernier
caliper
Vernier
caliper

SL. NO

MACHINE

OPERATION

TOOL

GAUGE

Vernier
1

Power saw

Cutting

Hacksaw

caliper, steel
rule

Grinding

Grinding

Fillet

Drilling

Drill 6 x 6

Drill bit

Drilling

Drill 6 x 6

Drill bit

Milling

Slot

End mill cutter

Bench vice

Filing

Flat file

5.

wheel

CRANK (LINK 5)

Description

: Crank (link 5)

Part No

:5

Material

: Mild Steel.

27

Vernier
caliper
Vernier
caliper

Vernier
caliper

Required size

SL. NO

: 120mm x 20mm x 6mm

MACHINE

OPERATION

TOOL

GAUGE

Vernier
1

Power saw

Cutting

Hacksaw

caliper, steel
rule

Grinding

Grinding

Fillet

Drilling

Drill 6 x 6

Drill bit

Drilling

Drill 6 x 6

Drill bit

Bench vice

Filing

Flat file

6.

wheel

COMPOSITE BUSH

Description

: composite bush

Part No

:6

28

Vernier
caliper
Vernier
caliper

Bush.

6.1

Material

: Mild steel

Required size

: 38mmx 100mm

SL. NO
1

6.2

MACHINE
Power saw

OPERATION
Cutting

TOOL
Hacksaw

caliper,

Single point

steel rule
Vernier

Lathe

Facing

Lathe

Drill 25

Drill bit

Lathe

Reaming

Reamer

cutting tool

Liner

Material

: Gun metal

Required size

: 25mm x 105mm

29

GAUGE
Vernier

caliper
Vernier
caliper
Vernier
caliper

SL. NO
1

MACHINE
Power saw

OPERATION
Cutting

Lathe

Facing

3
4

Lathe
Lathe

Drill 25
Reaming

Lathe

Step turning

7.

COST ESTIMATION

7.1

Cost of Standard components

TOOL

GAUGE
Vernier

Hacksaw

caliper,

Single point

steel rule
Vernier

cutting tool
Drill bit
Reamer
Single point

caliper
Micrometer
Micrometer
Vernier

cutting tool

caliper

Name of component

Quantity

Cost/piece

Cost in Rupees

Bearing (6mm)
M6 bolt and nut

4
5

15
8

60
40

30

 inch bolt and nut

M5 Countersunk bolt
and nut
M6 Countersunk bolt
and nut

26

26

1.5

12

TOTAL COST

7.2

144

Material Cost

Name of component

Quantity

Cost in Rupees

M.S Flat for links

150

M.S Rod for ram

100

M.S sheet for base

2000

Bush (M.S and gunmetal)

156

TOTAL COST

7.3

2406

Machining Cost
Machine
Lathe
Drilling
Gas Cutting
Welding
Milling
Total Cost

Cost in Rupees
500
300
170
200
660
1830

31

7.4

Total Cost of Six bar Slider Crank Power Hammer

Mechanism

Particulars
Transportation and Allowances
Painting and Name Plate
Cost of Standard Components
Material Cost
Machining Cost
Total Cost

Cost in Rupees
1220
800
144
2406
1830
6400

32

PART AND ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS

33