Drawings and Diagrams

Diagrams
Example of a 24-hour load curve
Q in I/s

90

1.80
1.60

80

1.40

70

1.20

60

1.00

50

0.80

40

0.60

30

0.40

20

0.20

1000
900
800
700
600
500

Factor Y1

Flow rate of the inflow

US.gpm

100

0
3,600
7,200
10,800
14,400
18,000
21,600
25,200
28,800
32,400
36,000
39,600
43,200
46,800
50,400
54,000
57,600
61,200
64,800
68,400
72,000
75,600
79,200
82,800
86,400

400

Time t in s
Fig. 1: Example of an inflow load curve for mathematical modelling.

H
NPSH

H/Q curve
HA

A1

NPSHav (2)

A2

NPSHav (1)

NPSHreg
Q1

Q2

Fig. 1.4: Impact of NPSHa on the constant speed curve of the pump (Reference: KSB Centrifugal Pump Lexicon).

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Drawings and Diagrams

H/Q curve
Loss-free characteristic curve

Friction losses
Shock losses
QBEP
HBEP
Qshock-free

Fig. 1.9: Characteristic head versus flow curve and its reduction by internal hydraulic losses. Proportional representation based on the best efficiency point.

H/Q curve
QBEP
HBEP
Qshock-free
Qeff characteristic curve

Fig. 1.10: Efficiency curve =f ( Q ). Proportional representation based on the best efficiency point.

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Drawings and Diagrams

H/Q curve
QBEP
HBEP
Qshock-free
Q-NPSH 3% characteristic
curve

Fig. 1.11: NPSH 3% characteristic curve, NPSH 3% = f (Q). Proportional representation based on the best efficiency point.

H/Q curve
QBEP
HBEP
Qshock-free
P2/Q curve

Fig. 1.12: Electrical pump input power P 2 = f (Q). Proportional representation based on the best efficiency
point.

90

Drawings and Diagrams

Pump characteristic curve

System characteristic curve
Hstatic or Hgeo
Hdynamic

QBEP
HBEP

Operating point of the pump

Fig. 1.13: System characteristic curve Sum of static and dynamic head components.

Qmin
System characteristic curve
QBEP

OP

Pump characteristic curve

Qmax

Hgeo
Permissible continuous operation range

Fig. 1.14: Operating limits Q min and Q max Illustration of the permissible range for continuous operation of a
centrifugal pump (Q min approx. 0.3 * QBEP and Q max approx. 1.4 * QBEP).

91