Meiosis

Meiosis

Meiosis is cell division that produces

gametes.

Gametes are sex cells (sperm and eggs).

During meiosis, the sex cells divides twice.

This reduces the number of chromosomes

to half.

Sexual Reproduction
Meiosis

In males, 4 sperm cells are produced.

produces gametes.

They are small in size.

In females, 1 egg cell is produced.

It is a large size.

Human

gametes will only have 23

chromosomes.

Fertilization

Fertilization is the union of gametes

(the sperm and egg cells).

In humans, 23 + 23 = 46

The zygote is the fertilized egg.

It is the first cell of a new organism.

The phases of meiosis

Meiosis is the process of reduction

division in which the number of
chromosomes per cell is cut in half
through the separation of homologous
chromosomes in a diploid cell.

There are two parts to meiosis:

Meiosis I
Meiosis II

Meiosis I

Meiosis I has four phases. They

are:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I and cytokinesis

Prophase I

In prophase I, each chromosome pairs with

its corresponding homologous chromosome
to form a tetrad (4 chromatids).

This is the phase when crossing over

occurs.

Crossing over is when the tetrads cross over

each other and exchange portions of their
chromatids.

Crossing over

Meiosis I: Prophase I

Interphase I

Prophase I

Metaphase I

Anaphase I

Cells undergo a round of

DNA replication, forming
duplicate Chromosomes.

Each chromosome pairs with

its corresponding
homologous chromosome to
form a tetrad.

Spindle fibers attach to the

chromosomes.

The fibers pull the

homologous chromosomes
toward the opposite ends of
the cell.

Metaphase I
During

metaphase I, the spindle

fibers attach to the chromosomes.

Meiosis I: Metaphase I
-4

Interphase I

Prophase I

Metaphase I

Anaphase I

Cells undergo a round of

DNA replication, forming
duplicate Chromosomes.

Each chromosome pairs with

its corresponding
homologous chromosome to
form a tetrad.

Spindle fibers attach to the

chromosomes.

The fibers pull the

homologous chromosomes
toward the opposite ends of
the cell.

Anaphase I
During

anaphase I, the fibers pull

the homologous chromosomes
toward opposite ends of the cell.

Meiosis I: Anaphase I

Interphase I

Prophase I

Metaphase I

Anaphase I

Cells undergo a round of

DNA replication, forming
duplicate Chromosomes.

Each chromosome pairs with

its corresponding
homologous chromosome to
form a tetrad.

Spindle fibers attach to the

chromosomes.

The fibers pull the

homologous chromosomes
toward the opposite ends of
the cell.

Telophase I and
Cytokinesis
During

this phase, the nuclear

membrane reforms and the cell
divides.
After cytokinesis, the second
meiotic division occursmeiosis II.

Meiosis II

1.
2.
3.
4.

This is the second meiotic

division.
The four phases in Meiosis II are:
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
TelophaseII

Prophase II
Meiosis

I results in two haploid (N)

daughter cells, each with half the
number of chromosomes as the
original cell.

Meiosis II: Prophase

Prophase II

Metaphase II

Meiosis I results in two

The chromosomes line up in
haploid (N) daughter cells,
a similar way to the
each with half the number of metaphase stage of mitosis.
chromosomes as the original.

Anaphase II

Telophase II

The sister chromatids

separate and move toward
opposite ends of the cell.

Meiosis II results in four

haploid (N) daughter cells.

Metaphase II
The

chromosomes line up in a
similar way to the metaphase
stage of mitosis.

Prophase II

Metaphase II

The chromosomes line up in

Meiosis I results in two
a similar way to the
haploid (N) daughter cells,
each with half the number of metaphase stage of mitosis.

Anaphase II

Telophase II

The sister chromatids

separate and move toward
opposite ends of the cell.

Meiosis II results in four

haploid (N) daughter cells.

Anaphase II
The

sister chromatids separate and

move toward opposite ends of the
cell

Prophase II

Metaphase II

The chromosomes line up in

Meiosis I results in two
a similar way to the
haploid (N) daughter cells,
each with half the number of metaphase stage of mitosis.
chromosomes as the original.

Anaphase II

Telophase II

The sister chromatids

separate and move toward
opposite ends of the cell.

Meiosis II results in four

haploid (N) daughter cells.

Telophase II and
cytokinesis
Meiosis

II results in four haploid (N)

daughter cells

Prophase II

Metaphase II

The chromosomes line up in

Meiosis I results in two
a similar way to the
haploid (N) daughter cells,
each with half the number of metaphase stage of mitosis.
chromosomes as the original.

Anaphase II

Telophase II

The sister chromatids

separate and move toward
opposite ends of the cell.

Meiosis II results in four

haploid (N) daughter cells.

The difference between

mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis

results in the production of

two genetically identical diploid
cells (2N), whereas, meiosis
produces four genetically different
haploid (N) cells.