Bioinformatics

A. Multiple Choice
1. An interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for
understanding biological data.
a) Bioinformatics
b) Bioinformation
c) Biological Information Technology
d) Biocomputing
2. Who coined the term bioinformatics?
a) Elvin Kabat
b) Margaret Dayhoff
c) James Watson & Francis Crick
d) Paulien Hogeweg & Ben Hesper
3. The discovery of this protein’s sequence by Frederick Sanger made computers
essential in molecular biology.
a) Keratin
b) Insulin
c) Elastin
d) Fibrin
4. The process of marking the genes and other biological features in a DNA
sequence.
a) Genome Marking
b) Genome Annotation
c) Genome Description
d) Genome Outlining
5. The year when the first description of a comprehensive genome annotation
system was published.
a) 1995
b) 1996
c) 1997
d) 1998
6. The bacterium that The Institute for Genomic Research performed the first
complete sequencing and analysis of the genome of a free-living organism
a) Lactobacillus acidophilus
b) Escherichia coli
c) Staphylococcus aureus
d) Haemophilus influenzae
7. Wrote the Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure that marked the beginning of
bioinformatics.
a) Elvin Kabat
b) Margaret Dayhoff
c) James Watson & Francis Crick
d) Paulien Hogeweg & Ben Hesper
8. The complete gene repertoire of a particular taxonomic group.
a) Pan Genomics
b) Genomic Expression
 c) Local Genomics
d) Group Genomics
9. Set of genes not present in all but one or some genomes under study.
a) Core Genome
b) Specific Genome
c) Flexible Genome
d) Pan Genome
10. Aligning and merging fragments from a longer DNA sequence in order to
reconstruct the original sequence.
a) Genomic Sequencing
b) Sequence Stitching
c) Sequence Agglutinate
d) Sequence Assembly
B. Identification
1. The complex orchestration of events by which a signal eventually leads to an
increase or decrease in the activity of one or more proteins.
 Answer: Regulation
2. A major bioinformatics initiative to unify the representation of gene and gene
product attributes across all species.
 Answer: Gene Ontology
3. An approach in analysis of cellular organization that allows the location of both
organelles and molecules and helps in distinguishing between normal and
abnormal cells.
 Answer: Microscopy/Image Analysis
4. An approach in analysis of cellular organization that helps in evaluating the role
of a protein.
 Answer: Protein Localization
5. In the structural branch of bioinformatics, it is used to determine which parts of a
protein are important in structure formation and interaction with other proteins.
 Answer: Homology
6. It seeks to understand the relationships within biological networks such as
metabolic or protein–protein interaction networks.
 Answer: Network Analysis
7. It involves the use of computer simulations of cellular subsystems to both
analyze and visualize the complex connections of these cellular processes.
 Answer: Systems Biology
8. It deals with the collection and analysis of biodiversity data, such as taxonomic
databases, or microbiome data.
 Answer: Biodiversity Informatics
9. An algorithm that guarantees finding the optimal alignment of pairs of sequences
in which, essentially, it divides the full sequence into short sequence segments.
 Answer: Needleman-Wunsch Algorithm
10. It involves the development and application of data-analytical and theoretical
methods, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to the
study of biological, ecological, behavioral, and social systems.
 Answer: Computational Biology
References:

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics (Multiple Choice: 1-5, 7-9; Identification: 1)

 https://www.scq.ubc.ca/what-is-bioinformatics/ (Multiple Choice: 6)
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_assembly (Mutiple Choice: 10)
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_ontology (Identification: 2)
 https://www.britannica.com/science/bioinformatics (Identification: 9)
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_biology (Identification: 10)