Test Bank for Microbiology An Introduction, 10th Edition : Tortora

Test Bank for Microbiology An Introduction, 10th

Edition : Tortora

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Exam
Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Table 10.1

1. 9+2 flagella
2. Nucleus
3. Plasma membrane
4. Peptidoglycan
5. Mitochondrion
6. Fimbriae

1) In Table 10.1, which features are found in all Eukarya? 1) _______

A) 1, 4, 6 B) 3, 5 C) 1, 2, 5 D) 2, 3, 5 E) 2, 3

2) What is the outstanding characteristic of the Kingdom Fungi? 2) _______

A) All members are photosynthetic.
B) All members are macroscopic.
C) Members absorb dissolved organic matter.
D) Members absorb dissolved inorganic matter.
E) All members are microscopic.

3) Phage typing is based on the fact that 3) _______

A) Viruses cause disease.
B) Phages and bacteria are related.
C) Bacteria are destroyed by viruses.
D) Staphylococcus causes infections.
E) Bacterial viruses attack specific cells.

4) Which of the following statements about the members of the Kingdom Plantae is false? 4) _______
A) They use organic carbon sources.
B) They are multicellular.
C) They have eukaryotic cells.
D) They can photosynthesize.
E) They use inorganic energy sources.

5) In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the 5) _______

A) Kingdom.
B) Specific epithet.
C) Order.
D) Family.
E) Genus.

6) Nucleic acid hybridization is based on the fact that 6) _______

A) DNA is composed of genes.
B) Pairing between complementary bases occurs.
C) The strands of DNA can be separated.
D) All cells have DNA.
E) A chromosome is composed of complementary strands.

Figure 10.2
 A nucleic acid hybridization experiment produced the following results.

7) In Figure 10.2, which figure shows the most closely related organisms? 7) _______
A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e

8) Which of the following best defines a strain? 8) _______

A) A group of organisms with a limited geographical distribution
B) A population of cells that differs from other members of the species
C) A group of cells all derived from a single parent
D) A pure culture
E) The same as a species

9) Into which group would you place a multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives inside 9) _______
the human liver?
A) Proteobacteria (gram-negative bacteria)
B) Plantae
C) Animalia
D) Fungi
E) Firmicutes (gram-positive bacteria)

10) Which of the following statements about archaea is false? 10) ______
A) Some are thermoacidophiles; others are extreme halophiles.
B) Some produce methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
C) They evolved before bacteria.
D) They are prokaryotes.
E) They lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

11) Which of the following characterizes the Domain Bacteria? 11) ______
A) Prokaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids
B) Complex cellular structures
C) Eukaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids
D) Prokaryotic cells; ether linkages in phospholipids
E) Multicellular

12) If two organisms have similar rRNA sequences, you can conclude that 12) ______
A) They live in the same place.
B) They will have different G-C ratios.
C) They mated with each other.
D) They will both ferment lactose.
E) They evolved from a common ancestor.
13) Into which group would you place a photosynthetic cell that lacks a nucleus? 13) ______
A) Animalia B) Bacteria C) Protista D) Fungi E) Plantae

Figure 10.1

14) In Figure 10.1, the closest ancestor for both species "a." and species "b." would be 14) ______
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

15) You discovered a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and peptidoglycan. You suspect the 15) ______
organism is in the group
A) Archaea. B) Animalia. C) Fungi. D) Bacteria. E) Plantae.

16) Which of the following is NOT based on nucleic-acid hybridization? 16) ______
A) PCR
B) DNA chip
C) FISH
D) Western blotting
E) Southern blotting

17) Into which group would you place a photosynthetic organism that lacks a nucleus and has a thin 17) ______
peptidoglycan wall surrounded by an outer membrane?
A) Animalia
B) Firmicutes (gram-positive bacteria)
C) Fungi
D) Proteobacteria (gram-negative bacteria)
E) Plantae

18) Which of the following characteristics indicates that two organisms are closely related? 18) ______
A) Both ferment lactose.
B) Both normally live in clams.
C) Their DNA can hybridize.
D) Both are cocci.
E) Both are motile.
19) Serological testing is based on the fact that 19) ______
A) The human body makes antibodies against bacteria.
B) Antibodies react specifically with an antigen.
C) Antibodies cause the formation of antigens.
D) All bacteria have the same antigens.
E) Bacteria clump together when mixed with any antibodies.

20) Into which group would you place a unicellular organism that has 70S ribosomes and a 20) ______
peptidoglycan cell wall?
A) Animalia B) Plantae C) Fungi D) Bacteria E) Protist

21) A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species 21) ______
A) Has a limited geographical distribution.
B) Is a population of cells with similar characteristics.
C) Does not breed with other species.
D) Can be distinguished from other bacterial species.
E) Breeds with its own species.

22) Which of the following statements is NOT a reason why fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) 22) ______
has become a valuable tool for environmental microbiologists?
A) It demonstrates the diversity of microbes in an environment.
B) It allows observation of microbes in their natural environment in association with other
microbes.
C) To obtain pure cultures of microbes.
D) It allows for detection of uncultured microbes.
E) All of the above.

23) Data collected to date indicate that 23) ______

A) Humans and marine mammals cannot be infected by the same pathogens.
B) New species of bacteria may be discovered in wild animals.
C) Marine mammals do not get infectious diseases.
D) Marine mammals don't have an immune system.
E) None of the above.

24) Fossil evidence indicates that prokaryotic cells first existed on the Earth 24) ______
A) 350 years ago.
B) 3.5 million years ago.
C) 3.5 billion years ago.
D) 3500 years ago.
E) 3.5 × 1012 years ago.

25) Which of the following provides taxonomic information that includes the others? 25) ______
A) Amino acid sequencing
B) Nucleic acid-base composition
C) Nucleic acid hybridization
D) Biochemical tests
E) Cladogram

26) Which of the following statements about the members of the Kingdom Animalia is false? 26) ______
A) They have eukaryotic cells.
B) They use organic energy sources.
 C) They can photosynthesize.
D) They are multicellular.
E) They use organic carbon sources.

Figure 10.1

27) In Figure 10.1, species "c." is most closely related to 27) ______
A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e

Table 10.1

1. 9+2 flagella
2. Nucleus
3. Plasma membrane
4. Peptidoglycan
5. Mitochondrion
6. Fimbriae

28) In Table 10.1, which feature(s) is (are) found only in prokaryotes? 28) ______
A) 2 B) 1, 2, 3 C) 1 D) 4, 6 E) 2, 4, 5

29) The arrangement of organisms into taxa 29) ______

A) Shows degrees of relatedness between organisms.
B) Was designed by Charles Darwin.
C) Is based on evolution.
D) Is arbitrary.
E) Shows relationships to common ancestors.

Figure 10.3
This figure shows the results of a gel electrophoresis separation of restriction fragments of the DNA of different
organisms.
30) In Figure 10.3, which two are most closely related? 30) ______
A) 3 and 5 B) 2 and 4 C) 2 and 5 D) 1 and 3 E) 4 and 5

31) The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on 31) ______

A) Diseases.
B) Habitat.
C) Cell morphology.
D) rRNA sequences.
E) Gram reaction.

32) Organism A has 70 moles % G+C, and organism B has 40 moles % G+C. Which of the following 32) ______
can be concluded from these data?
A) The two organisms are unrelated.
B) The two organisms are related.
C) Their nucleic acids will not hybridize.
D) The organisms make entirely different enzymes.
E) None of the above.

33) Which of the following is the best evidence for a three-domain system? 33) ______
A) There are three distinctly different cellular chemical compositions.
B) There are three distinctly different types of nuclei.
C) There are three distinctly different Gram reactions.
D) There are three distinctly different types of ribosomes.
E) Some bacteria live in extreme environments.

34) Protist is a diverse group of organisms that are similar in 34) ______
A) Ecology.
B) Motility.
C) rRNA sequences.
D) Metabolic type.
E) None of the above.

35) A clone is 35) ______

A) A taxon composed of species.
B) A genetically engineered cell.
C) Genetically identical cells derived from a single cell.
 D) A mound of cells on an agar medium.
E) None of the above.

Figure 10.4

36) In the cladogram shown in Figure 10.4, which two organisms are most closely related? 36) ______
A) Micrococcus and Mycobacterium
B) Streptomyces and Micrococcus
C) Mycobacterium and Lactobacillus
D) Streptomyces and Lactobacillus
E) Streptomyces and Mycobacterium

37) A genus can best be defined as 37) ______

A) A taxon composed of families.
B) A taxon composed of one or more species and below family.
C) A taxon belonging to a species.
D) The most specific taxon.
E) A taxon comprised of classes.

38) Biochemical tests are used to determine 38) ______

A) Staining characteristics.
B) Amino acid sequences.
C) Enzymatic activities.
D) Nucleic acid-base composition.
E) All of the above.

39) Which of the following criteria is most useful in determining whether two organisms are 39) ______
related?
A) Both are aerobic.
B) Both are gram-positive.
C) Both ferment lactose.
D) Both are motile.
E) All are equally important.

40) Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for classifying viruses in the three domains 40) ______
rather than in a fourth domain?
A) Some viruses can incorporate their genome into a host's genome.
B) Viruses direct anabolic pathways of host cells.
C) Viruses are not composed of cells.
D) Viruses are obligate parasites.
E) None of the above.

41) Into which group would you place a multicellular heterotroph with chitin cell walls? 41) ______
A) Plantae B) Archaea C) Fungi D) Animalia E) Bacteria
 Table 10.2

42) Use the dichotomous key in Table 10.2 to identify a gram-negative coccus. 42) ______
A) Neisseria
B) Pseudomonas
C) Micrococcus
D) Streptococcus
E) Staphylococcus

43) One of the most popular taxonomic tools is DNA fingerprinting to develop profiles of 43) ______
organisms. These profiles provide direct information about
A) Enzymatic activities.
B) Antigenic composition.
C) Nucleotide sequences.
D) The presence of specific genes.
E) Protein composition.

Table 10.2
 44) Use the dichotomous key in Table 10.2 to identify a gram-negative rod that ferments lactose and 44) ______
uses citric acid as its sole carbon source.
A) Lactobacillus
B) Pseudomonas
C) Citrobacter
D) Escherichia
E) Staphylococcus

45) Bacteria and archaea are similar in which of the following? 45) ______
A) Sensitivity to antibiotics
B) Possessing prokaryotic cells
C) Methionine as the start signal for protein synthesis
D) Peptidoglycan cell walls
E) Plasma membrane ester linkage

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
Table 10.3

Organism
Characteristic A B C D E
Morphology Rod Rod Coccus Coccus Rod
Motile Yes Yes No No Yes
Gram Reaction - - + - -
Glucose Utilization Oxid. Ferm. Ferm. Ferm. None
% G+C 58-70 50-51 30-40 47-52 58-70
Cytochrome oxidase Present Absent Absent Present Present

46) Use the information given in Table 10.3 to answer questions (a) and (b). Note to instructors:
A=Pseudomonas; B=Escherichia; C=Staphylococcus; D=Neisseria; E=Alcaligenes.
a. Which organisms are most closely related? On what did you base your answer?
b. DNA from which organisms will probably hybridize?
47) One of the advantages of some newly developed rapid identification tools is that pure cultures aren't needed.
Why is a pure culture necessary for biochemical tests such as the Enterotube, but not for DNA probes?

Figure 10.5

48) Choose one of the phylogenetic schemes in Figure 10.5 and explain why you feel this one is preferable to the
others.
Test Bank for Microbiology An Introduction, 10th Edition : Tortora

1) E
2) C
3) E
4) A
5) E
6) B
7) B
8) C
9) C
10) C
11) A
12) E
13) B
14) E
15) A
16) E
17) D
18) C
19) B
20) D
21) B
22) C
23) E
24) C
25) E
26) C
27) D
28) D
29) A
30) D
31) D
32) A
33) A
34) E
35) C
36) A
37) B
38) C
39) B
40) C
41) C
42) A
43) C
44) C
45) B
46)
47)
48)

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