Test Bank for Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 6th Edition, Marjorie Kelly Cowan, Heidi Smi

Test Bank for Microbiology: A Systems Approach,

6th Edition, Marjorie Kelly Cowan, Heidi Smith

To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

https://testbankbell.com/download/test-bank-for-microbiology-a-systems-approach-6t
h-edition-marjorie-kelly-cowan-heidi-smith/

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Student name:__________
TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) All microbicidal agents are sterilants.

⊚ true
⊚ false

2) Bacteriostatic agents kill bacterial cells.

⊚ true
⊚ false

3) Prions require more extensive methods of sterilization than are needed for bacterial
endospores.

⊚ true
⊚ false

4) The presence of organic matter such as saliva and pus can interfere with the actions of
disinfectants.

⊚ true
⊚ false

5) When a control agent targets the metabolic processes of microbial cells, active younger
cells typically die more rapidly than older cells.

⊚ true
⊚ false

6) A microorganism that is not motile and has stopped metabolizing is considered dead.
⊚ true
⊚ false

7) Most microbial contaminants of food are killed or inactivated at freezing temperatures.

Version 1 1
 ⊚ true
⊚ false

8) Pasteurization is used to sterilize milk.

⊚ true
⊚ false

9) Pasteurization does not inactivate endospores or thermoduric microbes.

⊚ true
⊚ false

10) Ionizing radiation is more effective than nonionizing radiation in killing or inactivating
microbes.
⊚ true
⊚ false

11) Chlorine compounds remain stable and effective in the presence of excess organic matter.

⊚ true
⊚ false

12) Alcohols are more effective at inactivating enveloped viruses than naked viruses.

⊚ true
⊚ false

13) Isopropyl alcohol wiped across a skin site can sterilize it.

⊚ true
⊚ false

14) Hydrogen peroxide is used in the process of sterilizing instruments such as endoscopes.
⊚ true
⊚ false

Version 1 2
15) Soaps and detergents are very effective as sterilants.

⊚ true
⊚ false

16) Organisms in the genus Pseudomonas are resistant to quats.

⊚ true
⊚ false

17) Chlorine and ethylene oxide are sterilizing gases.

⊚ true
⊚ false

18) Continued widespread use of the phenolic compound triclosan is advantageous in that it
is important to remove as many organisms as possible from our hands and there is little risk of
resistant organisms evolving.

⊚ true
⊚ false

19) Surgeons preparing for an invasive surgical procedure will scrub their hands thoroughly,
and then they use a strong alcohol-based hand sanitizer which renders their hands sterile.

⊚ true
⊚ false

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
20) Which of the following microbial forms has the highest resistance to physical and
chemical controls?

Version 1 3
 A) Naked viruses
B) Protozoan cysts
C) Fungal spores
D) Bacterial endospores
E) Yeast

21) The process that destroys or removes all microorganisms and microbial forms, including
bacterial endospores, on inanimate objects is ______.

A) disinfection
B) sterilization
C) antisepsis
D) sanitization
E) degermation

22) The use of a physical or chemical process to destroy vegetative pathogens on inanimate
objects is ______.

A) disinfection
B) sterilization
C) antisepsis
D) sanitization
E) degermation

23) The use of chemical agents directly on exposed body surfaces to destroy or inhibit
vegetative pathogens is _______.

A) disinfection
B) sterilization
C) antisepsis
D) sanitization

Version 1 4
24) Scrubbing or immersing the skin in chemicals to reduce the numbers of microbes on the
skin is _______.

A) disinfection
B) sterilization
C) sanitization
D) degermation

25) Which of the following types of control agents would be used to achieve sterility?

A) Virucide
B) Bactericide
C) Germicide
D) Sporicide
E) Fungicide

26) The easiest microbial forms to kill or inhibit are ______.

A) naked viruses
B) vegetative bacteria and fungi
C) endospores
D) protozoan cysts
E) mycobacteria and staphylococci

27) The method of removing vegetative microbial life forms and debris to reduce
contamination to safe levels is termed ______.

A) antisepsis
B) disinfection
C) sterilization
D) decontamination
E) sanitization

Version 1 5
28) The method of removing vegetative life forms from living surfaces is termed ______.

A) antisepsis
B) disinfection
C) sterilization
D) decontamination

29) The removal of all life forms from inanimate objects is termed ______.

A) antisepsis
B) disinfection
C) sterilization
D) decontamination
E) degerming

30) The alcohol wipe used on a patient's skin before an injection is an example of ______.

A) antisepsis
B) disinfection
C) sterilization
D) decontamination
E) sanitization

31) Which is correct regarding the rate of microbial death?

A) Cells die atincreasingly greater rates.

B) Only older cellsdie in a culture.
C) Cells in aculture die at a constant rate.
D) Upon contact withthe control agent, all cells die at one time.
E) Cells becomemetabolically inactive but are never killed.

Version 1 6
32) Which of the following factors will influence the action of microbial agents?

A) The number of microorganisms

B) The type of microorganisms present
C) Temperature and pH
D) Mode and dosage of the agent
E) All of the choices will influence the action.

33) Microbial death occurs when there is _______.

A) no movement
B) no reproduction
C) a change in appearance
D) a decrease in size
E) All of the choices occur.

34) Each of the following is a target of antimicrobial agents except ______.

A) cell walls
B) cell membranes
C) ribosomes
D) cellular proteins
E) cytoplasm

35) Surfactants work by _______.

A) coating the organism preventing interaction with its environment

B) blocking transport into the organism
C) blocking transport out from the organism
D) disrupting membrane integrity

Version 1 7
36) Some microbial control agents are able to _____ cell proteins by breaking bonds that
maintain the native state, thethree-dimensional configuration of the proteins.

A) denature
B) bind
C) dissolve
D) mutate

37) Agents that can denature microbial proteins include all of the following except ______.

A) moist heat
B) alcohol
C) acids
D) metallic ions
E) X rays

38) Which of the following does not affect microbial nucleic acids?

A) Moist heat
B) Ultraviolet light
C) X rays
D) Ethylene dioxide
E) Formaldehyde

39) Physical agents for controlling microbial growth include all of the following except
______.

A) ultraviolet radiation
B) boiling water
C) pasteurization
D) hydrogen peroxide

Version 1 8
40) Sterilization is achieved by _______.

A) flash pasteurization
B) hot water
C) boiling water
D) steam autoclave
E) All of the choices are correct.

41) Dry heat _______.

A) is less efficient than moist heat

B) cannot sterilize
C) includes tyndallization
D) is used in devices called autoclaves
E) will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

42) The minimum sterilizing conditions in a steam autoclave are _______.

A) 121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes

B) 63°C for 30 minutes
C) 160°C for 2 hours
D) 71.6°C for 15 seconds
E) 100°C for 30 minutes

43) The shortest time required to kill or inactivate all the microbes in a sample at a specified
temperature is called the _______.

A) thermal death point (TDP)

B) thermal death time (TDT)
C) sporicidal time
D) death phase point

Version 1 9
44) The lowest temperature needed to kill or inactivate all microbes in 10 minutes is the
______.

A) thermal death point (TDP)

B) thermal death time (TDT)
C) sporicidal time
D) death phase point

45) Disinfection of beverages such as apple juice, milk, and wine is optimally achieved by
______.

A) pasteurization
B) chlorination
C) moist heat autoclave
D) filtration
E) boiling water

o
46) Placing organisms at 4 C is ______.

A) bactericidal
B) bacteriostatic
C) decontamination
D) sterilization
E) germicidal

47) Pasteurization _______.

A) kills all vegetative forms

B) reduces the number of vegetative forms
C) reduces the number of endospores
D) increases food nutrient value
E) is used to sterilize food products

Version 1 10
48) _____ heat is more rapidly effective and efficient compared to _____ heat.

A) High; dry
B) High; moist
C) Dry; moist
D) Moist; dry
E) Moist; high

49) A method for sterilizing milk, called _____ treatment, uses 134°C for 1 to 2 seconds.

A) pasteurization
B) batchpasteurization
C) flashpasteurization
D) ultra hightemperature
E) tyndallization

50) What instrument is most effective for pressure-temperature sterilization?

A) Oven
B) Autoclave
C) Water-bath
D) Bunsen burner
E) Incubator

51) Intermittent sterilization, which uses 3 days of lower temperature steam for short periods
of time, is also called ______.

Version 1 11
 A) pasteurization
B) incubation
C) tyndallization
D) disinfection
E) desiccation

52) Which of the following is not a primary target of milk pasteurization?

A) Salmonella
B) Campylobacterjejuni
C) Lactobacillus
D) Listeriamonocytogenes
E) Brucella

53) Vials of microorganisms that undergo the freeze-drying process, called _____, will
remain preserved and viable for years.

A) desiccation
B) flash freeze
C) lyophilization
D) pasteurization
E) sterilization

54) Removal of moisture by dehydration is called ______.

A) desiccation
B) flash freeze
C) lyophilization
D) pasteurization
E) sterilization

Version 1 12
55) _____ radiation excites atoms to a higher energy state within molecules such as DNA,
which leads to the formation of pyrimidine dimers.

A) Infrared
B) Ultraviolet
C) Gamma
D) Particle
E) Ionizing

56) Electrons are ejected from atoms in cells when organisms are exposed to ______.

A) desiccation
B) ultraviolet light
C) ethyl alcohol
D) hydrogen peroxide
E) gamma rays and X rays

57) Which of the following items are typically irradiated in order to kill microbes?

A) Cured meats
B) Human tissues such as heart valves and skin
C) Operating room air
D) Surgical gloves
E) All of the choices are correct.

58) Which control method would not be a suitable choice for killing Mycobacterium in a
capped culture tube?

Version 1 13
 A) Ultraviolet (germicidal) light
B) Gamma rays
C) 121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes
D) 160°C for 2 hours
E) All of the choices are correct.

59) Which of the following forms of radiation are in order from the most penetrating to the
least penetrating?

A) Gamma, cathode, X rays

B) Gamma, X rays, cathode
C) Cathode, gamma, X ray
D) Cathode, X ray, gamma
E) X ray, gamma,cathode

60) HEPA filters are used to remove microbes from _______.

A) air
B) liquids
C) human tissues
D) medical instruments
E) All of the choices are correct.

61) The use of filtration for sterilization _______.

A) can remove viruses

B) relies on gravity
C) removes toxins
D) uses heat and filtration
E) leaves behind endospores

Version 1 14
62) _____ is a control method that removes microorganisms rather than inhibiting or killing
them.

A) Boiling
B) Sterilization
C) Radiation
D) Filtration
E) Disinfection

63) Which of the following is not a factor that affects germicidal activity?

A) Material being treated

B) Length of exposure
C) Strength of the germicide
D) Microorganism being treated
E) All of the choices are factors.

64) All of the following pertain to hypochlorites except _______.

A) they release hypochlorous acid in solution

B) they cause denaturation of enzymes
C) they are found in iodophors
D) they are used to disinfect dairy, restaurant, and medical equipment
E) they are found in common household bleach

65) Iodophors include ______.

A) chloramines
B) betadine
C) tincture of iodine
D) alcohols
E) chlorhexidine

Version 1 15
66) _____ is a halogen used in gaseous and liquid form for large scale disinfection of
drinking water and sewage.

A) Iodine
B) Chlorine
C) Bromine
D) Fluorine
E) Betadine

67) Which of the following is not true of chloramines?

A) They contain chlorine.

B) They can sanitize and disinfect.
C) They form trihalomethanes with organic compounds.
D) They are safer than free chlorine.
E) They are used to treat wounds and skin surfaces.

68) All of the following are phenols or phenolics except ______.

A) Lysol
B) hexachlorophene
C) triclosan
D) cresols
E) Zephiran

69) The compound that is an organic base containing chlorine and two phenolic rings, and is
used increasingly for wound degerming, neonatal washes, hand scrubbing, and prepping surgical
skin sites is _______.

Version 1 16
 A) carbolic acid
B) chlorhexidine
C) triclosan
D) formalin
E) a quaternary ammonium compound

70) Which of the following germicides is/are also sporicidal?

A) Betadine
B) Chlorine
C) Phenolics
D) Chlorhexidine
E) All of the choices except phenolics.

71) Alcohols _______.

A) denature proteins when in a 50-95% alcohol-water solution

B) disinfect items when soaking method is utilized
C) are skin degerming agents
D) at 50% or higher concentrations dissolve cell membrane lipids
E) All of the choices are correct.

72) The chemical agent/s that produce/s highly reactive hydroxyl-free radicals and also
decomposes to O 2 gas is _______.

A) Cidex
B) cationic detergents
C) hydrogen peroxide
D) chlorhexidine
E) iodophors

Version 1 17
73) Hydrogen peroxide is _______.

A) sporicidal
B) fungicidal
C) bactericidal
D) virucidal
E) All of the choices are correct.

74) All of the following act as surfactants except ______.

A) detergents
B) soaps
C) quaternary ammonia
D) alcohols
E) iodine

75) Which of the following is not a heavy metal?

A) Tincture of iodine
B) Merthiolate
C) Silver nitrate solution
D) Zinc
E) Mercurochrome

76) _____ solution was introduced in the late 19th century for preventing gonococcal
infections in a newborn's eyes after exposure to the mother's infected birth canal.

A) Merthiolate
B) Triclosan
C) Betadine
D) Silver nitrate
E) Zinc oxide

Version 1 18
77) Heavy metals work by _______.

A) rupturing the cell membrane

B) inactivating proteins
C) binding to DNA
D) dissolving the cell wall
E) mutating DNA

78) Which of the following is not used as an antiseptic?

A) Iodophor
B) Chlorhexidine
C) 3% hydrogen peroxide
D) Merthiolate
E) Aqueous glutaraldehyde

79) Which of the following is not true of glutaraldehyde?

A) It is classified as a carcinogen.
B) It inactivates viruses.
C) It does not damage plastics.
D) It cross-links proteins on cell surfaces.
E) It inactivates endospores in 3 hours.

80) Endospores can be inactivated by _______.

A) dry heat at 170°C for 2 hours

B) incineration
C) glutaraldehyde for 3 or more hours
D) ethylene oxide for 3 or more hours
E) All of the choices are correct.

Version 1 19
81) Which is mismatched?

A) Sodium hypochlorite - chlorine

B) Iodophor - iodine
C) Benzalkonium chloride - quaternary ammonium compound
D) Merthiolate - silver
E) Formalin - formaldehyde

82) All of the following are alkylating control agents except ______.

A) ethylene oxide
B) iodophor
C) glutaraldehyde
D) formaldehyde
E) propylene oxide

83) The sterilizing gas used in chemiclaves is ______.

A) ethylene oxide
B) iodophor
C) glutaraldehyde
D) formaldehyde
E) chlorine dioxide

84) Ethylene oxide is ______.

A) sporicidal
B) only effective with high heat
C) the active agent in household bleach
D) used as an antiseptic against anaerobes
E) a halogen

Version 1 20
85) Which of the following acids is not used to destroy or inhibit microbial cells in food?

A) Acetic acid
B) Benzoic acid
C) Lactic acid
D) Phosphoric acid
E) Propionic acid

86) Using a HEPA filter in a vacuum or furnace is an example of which microbial control
method?

A) Dry control
B) Chemical agent
C) Gases
D) Surfactant

87) In lab, inoculating loops are sterilized using ______.

A) moist heat
B) chemicals
C) incineration
D) filtration
E) gas sterilization

88) Antimicrobial agents can target the cell wall by _______.

A) blocking its synthesis

B) digesting it
C) denaturing proteins
D) All of the choices are correct.

Version 1 21
89) Which of the following represents the use of osmotic pressure as a microbial control
method?

A) Bleaching a kitchen counter

B) Salting of meat
C) Rinsing of a cut with Betadine
D) Exposing dental equipment to UV light

90) You have inherited some old glass baby milk bottles from your grandmother, and you
would like to use them instead of plastic bottles. The bottles are placed into a large metal
container and placed in the ovenat 325oF for about 2 hours. What factor would you change if you
wanted the sterilization to occur much quicker?

A) Use a pressure cooker to sterilize the bottleswithsteam

B) Increase the temperature of the oven by 5 degrees
C) Pour an antimicrobial chemical into the bottles before placing into the oven
D) Place the bottles outside in the sunlight and then place in the oven

91) Your aim is to sterilize prosthetic devices like heart valves and artificial joint structures
before being used in the patient. Considering where they will be placed and the probable
composition of the devices, what would be the best chemical to use?

A) Iodine
B) Crystal violet dye
C) Quaternary ammonium compounds
D) Bleach

92) Which antimicrobial method does not sterilize?

A) Autoclave
B) Ethylene oxide gas
C) Pasteurization
D) Ionizing radiation

Version 1 22
93) You have some old plastic Petri dishes that you would like to use for pouring
bacteriological agar plates. The only method of physical sterilization is ultraviolet radiation
sterilization with your UV light (you cannot use the autoclave because it will disfigure and melt
the plastic).After sterilizing the plates, pouring the sterilized agar medium, and then leaving the
plates out at room temperature for a day or two to let them solidify and dry, you find
contaminating bacterial colonies growing on the agar. Predict what has happened in this
situation.

A) The agar had bacteria in it, even after sterilization in the autoclave.
B) The lids of the Petri dishes were inadvertently left on while being sterilized.
C) The room temperature enhanced the growth of normal biota of the agar.
D) Air got into the poured agar plates, contaminating them.

94) Your friend Joe recently visited the doctor for steroid injections into his knee to reduce
swelling due to a previous knee injury. Within a couple of days, he had an infection caused by
Pseudomonas, a very pathogenic and drug resistant bacterium.Luckily, Joe went to the doctor
immediately and received antibiotics. The doctor tells him that the same problem has occurred to
many other people across the United States. Predict the most likely cause of this situation.

A) The staff giving the steroid injections did not use proper aseptic technique.
B) The steroid was contaminated at the production plant, so multiple batches of that
drug made at that plant were contaminated with that bacterium.
C) The bacterium is normally on the skin of people, so can easily access the patient's
blood during the needle stick.
D) The needles were re-used and already contaminated before being used on the
patients.

95) The difference between thermal death time and thermal death point in microbicidal
activity is that _______.

Version 1 23
 A) thermal death time is the shortest amount of time required to kill an organism at a
specific temperature, whereas thermal death temperature is the lowest temperature required to
kill an organism in 10 minutes
B) thermal death time is the greatest amount of time required to kill an organism at a
specific temperature, whereas thermal death temperature is the lowest temperature required to
kill an organism in 10 minutes
C) thermal death time is the shortest amount of time required to kill an organism at a
o
100 C, whereas thermal death temperature is the lowest temperature required to kill an
organism in 10 minutes
D) thermal death time is the shortest amount of time required to kill an organism at a
specific temperature, whereas thermal death temperature is the lowest temperature required to
kill an organism in 30 minutes

96) When considering time and temperature as factors in microbicidal activity, _______.

A) they are inversely proportional to each other

B) they are directly proportional to each other
C) they must be of equal value e.g. 30 minutes at 30 oC
D) time is not a factor, only temperature

97) Which of the following is a disadvantage of dry heat methods such as using a Bunsen
burner to incinerate microbes from an inoculating loop and the use of a hot air oven?

A) Use of an open flame can be dangerous and hot air ovens take much longer to
sterilize than autoclaves.
B) Neither of these methods actually sterilize; they only kill vegetative cells.
C) Bunsen burners take too long to sterilize and hot air ovens are hazardous for the
operators.
D) Bunsen burners and hot air ovens only reach a maximum of 100 oC so they are not
effective against endospores.

98) Which of the following is true regarding the use of osmotic pressure as an antimicrobial
agent?

Version 1 24
 A) Exposing a microbe to a hypertonic environment draws water out of the cell, causing
plasmolysis.
B) Salt is an effective solute to create an osmotic pressure gradient outside of a cell;
however, the use of sugar, such as in jams and jellies, works via a different mechanism.
C) Salts and sugars external to a microbe create a hypotonic environment, which causes
lysis of the cell.
D) Exposing organisms to the air on a benchtop so they completely dry out is an
example of using osmotic pressure as a means of microbial control.

99) Which of the following represents microbial control by osmotic pressure?

A) The crew of the Mayflower using salted meats throughout their voyage to the New
World
B) Placing fruit slices on a drying rack
C) Pickling cucumbers and other vegetables for long-term storage
D) Canning tomatoes after a summer growing season to use throughout the winter

100) Which of the following is an advantage to using phenolics as antimicrobial agents?

A) The presence of organic matter does not limit its antimicrobial qualities.
B) They have low toxicity.
C) They are effective sterilants against all microbial forms.
D) They are not susceptible to resistance by organisms.

101) Which of the following methods of microbial control is mismatched?

A) Heating a liquid to 71.6 oC for 15 seconds - pasteurization

B) Exposure of surgical equipment to ultraviolet light - radiation
C) Pickling eggs - osmotic pressure
D) Autoclaving nutrient agar before pouring into Petri plates - sterilization

Version 1 25
102) Cold temperatures are considered microbistatic, whereas excessive heat is considered
microbicidal. This is due to the fact that _______.

A) in cold temperatures, the energy of activation is not sufficient to drive chemical

reactions regardless of the presence of enzymes, whereas excessive heat denatures enzymes
and/or incinerates the cell causing irreparable damage
B) cold temperatures denature enzymes causing irreparable damage to the cell, whereas
heat limits the energy of activation available to drive chemical reactions
C) cold temperatures freeze and therefore kill the cell, whereas excess heat keeps the
cell metabolically active but not dividing
D) cold temperatures halt binary fission and is therefore considered a sterilant, whereas
heat does not kill spores so it is not an effective method of control

Version 1 26
Answer Key

Test name: Microbiology11

1) FALSE
2) FALSE
3) TRUE
4) TRUE
5) TRUE
6) FALSE
7) FALSE
8) FALSE
9) TRUE
10) TRUE
11) FALSE
12) TRUE
13) FALSE
14) TRUE
15) FALSE
16) TRUE
17) TRUE
18) FALSE
19) FALSE
20) D
21) B
22) A
23) C
24) D
25) D
26) B

Version 1 27
27) E
28) A
29) C
30) A
31) C
32) E
33) B
34) E
35) D
36) A
37) E
38) A
39) D
40) D
41) A
42) A
43) B
44) A
45) A
46) B
47) B
48) D
49) D
50) B
51) C
52) C
53) C
54) A
55) B
56) E

Version 1 28
57) E
58) A
59) B
60) A
61) A
62) D
63) E
64) C
65) B
66) B
67) C
68) E
69) B
70) E
71) E
72) C
73) E
74) E
75) A
76) D
77) B
78) E
79) A
80) E
81) D
82) B
83) A
84) A
85) D
86) A

Version 1 29
Test Bank for Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 6th Edition, Marjorie Kelly Cowan, Heidi Smi

87) C
88) D
89) B
90) A
91) C
92) C
93) B
94) B
95) A
96) A
97) A
98) A
99) A
100) A
101) C
102) A

Version 1 30

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters