Interview and drive test tips

WCDMA Introduction and

Overview
WCDMA concept and
Architecture
Spreading and Scrambling
Codes and Channels
Code tree
Rake Receiver
Soft, Softer and Hard hand over
Power control - fast and slow

WCDMA Drive test Overview

using TEMS Investigation

TEMS Parameter for WCDMA

Optimization Tips for WCDMA
WCDMA Tools for Drive Test
3G Voice Call Testing
3G Packet call & Video call
testing
3G Drive test KPI overview
3G Optimization overview

WCDMA Frequency and Spectrum

Uplink=1920MHz -1980 MHz

Downlink= 2110MHz -2170MHz
Bandwidth=60 MHz
Actual B.W assign to operator is 5MHz
And out of that 3.84 MHZ is utilize.
In WCDMA frequency reuse factor =1 because time and
frequency remains constant.

In WCDMA first following process is done before Reading BCCH

frequency.
Slot Synchronization
Frame Synchronization
Scrambling Code
CPICH is pilot which will read BCCH information After
Synchronization .
In WCDMA following Channels use for various function in UL/DL.
Downlink:Uplink:1.DL DPCH
1.UL DPDCH
2.DL CCPH
2. UL DPCCH
3. P-CCPH
3. UL CPCH
4. S-CCPH
4. UL PRACH
5. SCH
5. HS-DPCCH
6. PICH
7. CPICH (primary and secondary)
8. AICH

WCDMA Spreading process

 Spreading:- This is used to increase the B.W of the

signal beyond the bandwidth normally required to
accommodate information.
For Spreading OVSF code are used which is known as
Orthogonal variable spreading factor code .
Spreading factor=chip rate/symbol rate .
Scrambling Scrambling is used on top of the spreading so
, it does not change the signal bandwidth but only makes
the signal from different source separable from each
other.
Process gain = 10 log (chip rate/bit rate)
As bit rate increase process gain decrease .
Cell breathing is situation where cell foot print decrease
due to large amount of user access the network beyond
the capacity of that particular cell.

Bit energy/Noise energy

Ec/No = Chip Energy /Noise Energy.
Eb /NO

Ec/No= Eb/No - process gain

As per Eb/No is fixed for each service for Ex: voice
=2 and video=4
Ec/N0= 2- 10= -8 for voice(for voice -8 is good
limit)
Ec/N0= 4-18= -14 for video(for video -14 is good
limit)
Process gain(voice) = chip rate/bit rate= 10dB
Process gain (video) = chip rate /bit rate= 18dB
Chip rate = 3.84Mchips in WCDMA.

WCDMA codes

Code tree

Rake Receiver

Soft Handoff

Power Control types

For Speech drive Test

Mobile TX power
Received signal
strength indication
Target Signal to
interfere ratio
Signal to interfere
ratio
Speech quality mean
opinion square
Dedicate channel

GSM/WCDMA

Speech quality

SQI MOS Algorithm

Downlink
Dedicate
channel BLER%

Active Set- Currently serving Cell

Measured neighbor- Defined Neighbor
Detected Neighbor- Undefined strong detected server
UARFCN DL- UMTS Absolute radio frequency channel number

Ranges for Radio Parameter

1. CPICH EC/No- 0 to -34 dB.

2. CPICH RSCP -15 dBm to -140 dBm for each rake finger.
3.Ms TX power -44 dBm to 60 dBm
4. UTRA Carrier RSSI - -20 dBm to -140 dBm for each rake
finger.
5. SQI MOS - 1 to 5
6. SQI - -20dBQ to 30 dBQ
7 . SIR - -30 t0 20 db (signal interfere ratio measured on
DPCCH )
12.2 Kbit/s: 30 dBQ
10.2 Kbit/s: 28 dBQ
7.95 kbit/s: 28 dBQ
7.40 kbit/s: 27 dBQ
6.70 kbit/s: 27 dBQ
5.90 kbit/s: 24 dBQ
5.15 kbit/s: 21 dBQ
4.75 kbit/s: 19 dBQ

Drive Test KPI

ParameterRSSI In Between -75 to -85 dbm

RSCP In Between -75 to -85 dbm
Ec /Io In Between -8 to -10 db
FER 1% or 2%
Ms TX Power - Between -5 to -10
Soft Handoff 35% of total time

Use full Plots

Server Plot Useful to find out Swap

or Overshooting.
UE Plot - To Check Neighbour
Relation.
RSCP Plot- Coverage wholes
Ec /No- for good Throughput and
removing pilot pollution.
4th best Server Echno should be >
-10db
5th best Server Echno should be >
-10db

Condition for Radio Environment

Pilot Pollution
RSCP >= -85dBm & Ec /Io =< -10 dB
Coverage Limited
RSCP <= -85dBm & Ec /Io => -10 dB
Poor Radio ConditionRSCP <= -85dBm & Ec /Io =< -10 dB
Good Coverage
RSCP >= -85dBm & Ec /Io => -10 dB

3G voice call testing

SCFT-Single Cell Functional Test

Before the single site verification, we should only ensure the
following conditions have been met.
Alarm Check
Cell Status Check
Parameter Check

Alarm Check / Cell Status Check

The product support engineer will be responsible for checking and resolving
all the alarms. It is important for the optimization engineer prior to any field
test to check with product support engineer regarding any alarms especially
intermittent alarms.

Parameter Check
The optimization engineer need to ensure the radio part parameters
configuration list has been achieved. In the list the radio part parameters
includes: the scrambling code, power setting, neighbor cell list, handover
parameter etc.

3G voice call testing

Site Verification Items:

Installations: CPICH RSCP, CPICH Ec/Io, Rx
Antenna Swap Test
Settings: Frequency & SC, Cell reselection
parameters, LAC/RAC, Neighbor List.
Functions: LA/RA update, 3G<->2G Cell
reselection, SMS (MT & MO), Voice (MT & MO),
VP (MT & MO), PS Attach & Detach, PS service,
Voice/VP/PS soft handover, Voice 3G->2G
handover

Testing On CELL site

Items: Voice Call (MT & MO)

Purpose: Verify the voice call function is normal and the

voice call quality is good

Method: Make the dialing test of 3G voice service between

two 3G mobiles, one for the terminating call and another one
for the originating call. Test the voice communication quality
Items: Voice Call (MT & MO)
Purpose: Verify the voice call function is normal and the

voice call quality is good

Method: Make the dialing test of 3G voice service between

two 3G mobiles, one for the terminating call and another one
for the originating call. Test the voice communication quality

Feeder Connection Check

Test Process
Items: Antenna swapping test
Purpose: Verify the Rx feeder installation is right.
Method: Switch the transmitter from one feeder to
another, check the RSCP changed or not. If no change
happened, it means that the feeder is correct.
Notes: Check the RSCP from scanner

Problem and Solution

In the site verification, following problems have been found
Scrambling Code Setting is wrong: The scrambling code from scanner
and mobile is different from the planning
After feeder swapped, the CPICH RSCP is 20dB lower than before.

Scrambling Code Setting is wrong

The Scrambling Code may be wrong in RNC, check the
datasheet in RNC.
If the Scrambling Code from scanner is the same as that of
another sector in same site planned, maybe the TX/RX feeder
is crossed to the another sector.
After feeder swapped, the CPICH RSCP is 20dB lower than before:
The RX feeder is crossed to the antenna of another sector. In
this case, the CPICH RSCP will be high in the coverage area of
the other antenna. Check the connection between the feeder
and the antenna.

DATA drive
window

Data Drive Parameter with low through. put

Channel
quality index

Modulation
technique
As 64 QAM
is utilized
so less
HSDPA
throughput
is less.

Case-2 with high throughput

In this case 16
QAM is used 100%
and Throughput is
high

Data Drive
There is 3 modulation technique QPSK,16QAM,64QAM.
For high through put 16QAM and 64QAM should be utilized high
Utilization
So, if There is less Utilization of QPSK in downlink than data
throughput is also high
CQI is like SQI in speech which ensure good channel quality for
data transfer.
Retransmission of HS- DSCH(High-Speed Downlink Shared
Channel) packet is high than also throughput is decreases.
In case of stationary Data Test- 2Mbits speed can be achieved
In case of moving Vehicle 800kbits to 1.2 Kbits speed can be
achieved.
Application throughput is always 85% of physical layer data rate
throughput because at application level IP inclusion and
overhead information will be there.
Latency time is round trip time from server and for 3G it should
be 150 ms for 32 bit data .

 The modulation scheme and coding is changed on a peruser basis depending on signal quality and cell usage. The
initial scheme is Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), but
in good radio conditions 16QAM and 64QAM can
significantly increase data throughput rates. With 5 Code
allocation, QPSK typically offers up to 1.8Mbit/s peak data
rates, while 16QAM offers up to 3.6. Additional codes (e.g.
10, 15) can also be used to improve these data rates or
extend the network capacity throughput significantly.
Data Throughput will be also depend on MS class which
support 5,10 and 15 codes resp.
CQI- Channel quality information may include carrier level
received signal strength indication (RSSI) and bit error rate
(BER). I
Channel quality indicators are messages that are sent on a
communication system (such as a mobile communication
system) that provide the remote connection (e.g. base
station) with channel quality information

Drive Test tool for drive

Sony Ericsson C702 (capable of Scanning)

Sony Ericsson Z750i (capable of Scanning)
PCTel SeeGull LX WCDMA 2100
PCTel SeeGull LX Plus WCDMA 2100
Global Sat BU-353 (NMEA-0183)

Garmin 10 Mobile Bluetooth (NMEA-0183)

Thanks