Math 21B

Midterm 1

Fall 2010

1. Evaluate the following indefinite integrals.

(a)
Z

sin x cos x dx
"

u = sin x
du = cos x dx
Z

udu
1 2
2u + C
2
1
2 sin x +

=
=

(b)
Z
"

x1
dx
x+1
u=x+1
du = dx

u2
du
u
Z
2
=
1 du
u
= u 2 ln |u| + C
Z

= x + 1 2 ln |x + 1| + C
2. Evaluate the following definite integrals.
(a)
Z 1

1 + 2r dr

"

u = 1 + 2r
du = 2dr

=
=
=

1
2

Z 3

u du

1
1 3/2 5
u
]1
3
1 3/2

3 (3

1)

(b)
Z 1

1 x2 dx

From geometric considerations, the area under the graph is 2 /2.

3.
Z 4

|x| dx

From geometric considerations, the area under the graph is

17
2 .

4.
Z

ex
"

1
dx
+ ex + 2

u = ex
du = ex dx = udx

1
1
u + 1/u + 2 u
Z
1
=
du
u2 + 2u + 1
Z
1
=
du
(u + 1)2
= (u + 1)1 + C

 

du

= (ex + 1)1 + C
5. For x with 0 x 1, define g(x) =
interval [0, 1].

R
0

t(sin t)x dt. Find the maximum value of g over the

Solution. Suppose that x is a number in [0, 1]. Since sin t 1 for all t, we have
(sin t)x 1 = (sin t)0
It follows that
t(sin t)x t(sin t)0
for all t in [0, ]. Thus by the domination property (see property 7 in table 5.3 and also
problem 5.3.71 from homework 2), we have
Z

t(sin t)x dt

t(sin t)0 dt,

i.e., g(x) g(0). It follows that the max occurs at g(0) =

6. Find limx0

1 Rx
2
x 0 cos(t )

R
0

t dt = 21 2 .

dt.

Solution.
Let A(x) = 0x cos(t2 ) dt. Then by the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus,
0
we have A (x) = cos(x2 ). Hence
R

A(x)
x0 x
lim

A(x) A(0)
x0
x
= A0 (0)

lim

= cos(02 ) = 1
Some students gave a solution using lHopitals rule (see the solution to problem 5.4.76 from
homework 2), which is similar to the solution given here.
2

7. The gas mileage of a car depends on its velocity. When the velocity is v, the gas mileage is
2
f (v) = ev miles/gallon. If the velocity at time t is v(t) = t miles/hour, how many gallons
of gas are used after 5 hours. (Hint: Start by finding the amount of gas dg used between time
t and t + dt.)
Solution. Let
g(t) = gas used by time t;
s(t) = position at time t.
From the definition of velocity,
ds = vdt.

(1)

From the equation given for gas mileage,

2

ds = ev dg

(2)

Re-arranging terms in equations (1) and (2) gives

2

dg = vev dt
2

= tet dt,
where the last line follows from the fact that v(t) = t. The amount of gas used is
Z 5

dg =
=
=

tet dt

0
1 t2 5
2 e ]0
1
1 25
2e 2

gallons.

Although the calculations here are not difficult, this problem is more conceptual than the
others and a majority of the class got 0 points. This was the only problem on the exam not
inspired by a homework problem.