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ANONYMUS
11/3/2020 2
nth order derivatives of some standard functions:
1. y = eax
dy
y1 = = a eax
dx
d2y ax 2 ax
y2 = 2
= a.a e = a e
dx
.
.
yn = an eax.
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2. y = amx where m is a positive integer.
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3. y = (ax + b)m, where m is a positive integer such that m > n .
y1 = m(ax + b)m-1.a
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1
4. y =
ax + b
Let us write y = (ax + b)-1
(- 1) n n !a n
yn =
(ax + b) n+ 1
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5. y = log (ax + b)
y1 = a(ax + b)-1
(- 1) n- 1 (n - 1)!a n
yn =
(ax + b) n
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6. y = sin (ax + b)
.
.
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Exercise:
If Then show that
a2 + b2 = r2 (cos2 + sin2 ) = r2
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y1 = eax [ r sin cos (bx + c) + r cos sin (bx + c)]
Note: sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
y1 = r eax sin ( + bx + c)
Similarly we get,
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Exercise: If y = eax cos (bx + c), yn = rn eax cos (n + bx + c),
𝑏
Where 𝑟 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 and 𝜃 = tan−1
𝑎
Examples:
1 6x
= (e + e-6x + 2)
4
1 n 6x
yn = [6 e + (-6) n e-6x ] .
4
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Find the nth derivative of : (1) sin h 2x sin 4x
Solution: Dn[sinh 2x sin 4x]
1 n 2x
= (D [e sin 4x] - Dn [e-2x sin 4x])
2
1
= 20n/2 {e2x sin (4x + n tan -1 2) - e -2x sin (4x - n tan -1
2)}
2
(- 1) n- 1 (n - 1)!2n (- 1) n- 1 (n - 1)!2n
yn = n
+
(2 x + 1) (2 x - 1) n
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x2
Find the nth derivative of y =
(x + 2)(2 x + 3)
Solution: x2 x2
y= =
(x + 2)(2 x + 3) 2 x 2 + 7 x + 6
1 1
(2 x + 7 x + 6)- (7 x + 6)
2
1 1
= -
(7 x + 6)
= 2 2
2 2 ( x + 2)(2 x + 3)
2x2 + 7 x + 6
1 1 𝐴 𝐵 1 1 8 9
= − − + = − − +
2 2 𝑥 + 2 2𝑥 + 3 2 2 𝑥 + 2 2𝑥 + 3
𝑑𝑛 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥 𝑛 (𝑥 + 2)(2𝑥 + 3) 8(- 1) n n ! 9(- 1) n n !2n
=- +
11/3/2020 2( x + 2) n+ 1
2(2 x + 3) n+ 1 13
Leibnitz’s Theorem:
Step 1: Take n = 1
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For n = 2, (uv)2 = u2v+ u1v1 + u1v1+ uv2
(uv) m =
m
C0 uv m + m C1 u1 v m-1 + ... + m
Cm-1 u m-1v1 + m Cm u m v.
m
(uv) m+1 = C0 u v m+1 + m C0 u1 v m + m
C1 u1 v m + mC1 u 2 v m-1 + ...
... + m Cm u m v1 + m C m u m+1v.
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Note: (i) m Cr-1 +m Cr = (m+1) Cr
(ii) 1 + m C1 = 1+m = (m+1) C1
(iii) m Cm = 1 = (m+1) C m+1
m
(uv) m+1 = C0 u v m+1 + ( mC0 + mC1 )u1 v m +( mC1 + mC 2 )u 2 v m-1 + ...
... +( m Cm-1 + m Cm )u m v1 + mC m u m+1v.
(uv) m+1 =
m+1 m+1 m+1 m+1
C0 uv m+1 + C1 u1 v m + ... + C m u m v1 + C m+1u m+1v.
-1 1
y1 = cos (m sin x) m
1- x 2
1- x 2 y1 = m cos (m sin -1 x)
= m2 (1 – y2).
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Differentiating both sides we get
(1 – x2) y2 – xy1 + m2 .y = 0
– [x yn+1+ nc1.1. yn ] + m2 yn = 0
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Example: If y1/m + y-1/m = 2x, show that
(x2 – 1) yn+2 + (2n + 1)xyn+1 + (n2 – m2)yn = 0.
1/m 1
Solution: y + 1/ m
= 2x
y
(y1/m)2 + 1 = 2x (y1/m)
equation in y1/m.
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Differentiating w.r.to x we get,
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(x2 – 1) y2 + xy1 - m2y = 0, on dividing by 2y1.
n(n-1)
{(x - 1) y
2
n+ 2 + n . 2x . y n + 1 +
1.2
. 2y n }
+ {x . yn+1 + n . 1 . yn} – m2yn = 0
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Example: If cos –1 (y / b) = log(x/n)n, then show that
n(n-1)
{ x 2 yn+ 2 + n. 2x. y n + 1 +
1.2
. 2 . yn }
+ {xyn+1 + n. 1 . yn} + n2yn = 0
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m cos-1 x
Exercise: If y = e , prove that (1 - x 2 ) y 2 - xy1 = m 2 y and
hence show that (1 - x 2 ) y n+2 - (2n + 1) xy n+1 - (n 2 + m 2 ) y n = 0.
my
Hint = -
1- x 2
1- x 2 y1 = - my
(1 - x 2 ) y2 - xy1 = m2 y