Literature Review :

Purpose, Procedure and Citation

Dr. Pramil K. Panda

Sequence of Lecture
What is Literature Review?
Functions of Literature Review
Procedures of Literature Review
Writing of Literature Review
Sources of Literature
Citation of Literature Inside Text
Methods of Preparing the Bibliography/
References

What is Literature Review

Being acquainted with the existing body of
literature in the proposed area of research
Integral part of the entire research process
Enhances and consolidates the preliminary
ideas on research problem
Helps to establish theoretical roots of study
Clarifies ideas and develops methodology
Integrates the findings with existing body of
knowledge by either justifying or falsifying
the earlier researches

Functions of Literature Review

Brings clarity and focus to research problem
Helps synchronizing the broad area into smaller

ones for empirical investigation

Adds to the existing knowledge base

Identifies research gaps and enables to conduct

research in less explored areas

Improves research methodology

Acquaints with the earlier methodologies and

their drawbacks

Contextualizes research findings

Compares with earlier findings to similar

research problems

Procedures of Literature Review

Identify a broad area of interest with an aim of
gradually narrowing it down
Prepare a reading list in that area with the help of
library, Internet, expert consultation etc.
Collect the literatures and read them all
Note down all the main points of them: research
problems, methodologies and findings
Identify the research issues and research gaps
Develop theoretical and conceptual frameworks
Position your proposed research problem within
that framework

Writing of Literature Review

List out the different themes of the reviews
and categorize them accordingly
Develop subheadings for each of the theme
and follow a logical progression
Under each subheading record the reviews
by highlighting the main points
Writing can be done in two ways:
Direct Quote: copying the sentence (s) word

by word within a quotation mark ( )

Paraphrase: writing the theme of the sentence
(s) in own words

Writing of Literature Review

(cont.)
Indention:
If in any case quotation exceeds forty words

then instead of putting within quotation marks

put it indented on the left side with smaller font
size

Footnote/Endnote:
Put all the explanatory notes serial wise in the

sequence as they are referred in the text (using

numbered superscripts) and place them at the
bottom of the page if following footnote pattern
and at the end of the respective chapters with
the heading Notes if following endnote pattern

Sources of Literature
Authored Book
Edited Book
Chapter in an Edited Book
Article in Journal / Periodical / Magazine
Internet Web Page
Material Downloaded from Internet
Unpublished Report / Thesis
Seminar / Conference Paper

Citation of Literature Inside Text

Why citation of the source of literature is
needed?
To acknowledge the intellectual contribution

of the author
To prevent plagiarism in research

Plagiarism: Wrongful appropriation or

stealing of another authors ideas,
thoughts, language or expressions and
claiming as own work without giving due
acknowledgements to the original author

Citation of Literature Inside Text

(cont.)

For single author: (Surname of author, year

of publication, page number (s))
Example: (Beteille, 1965, p. 34)

For double authors: (Surname of first

author and Surname of second author, year
of publication, page number (s))
Example: (Panda, & Nayak, 2009, p. 94-95)

For Multiple authors: (Surname of first

author et al., year of publication, page
number (s))
Example: (Ennew et al., 1977, p. 298)

Citation of Literature Inside Text

(cont.)
For multiple citation by same author:
(Surname of author, year of publication,
page number (s), repeat as many times year
& page)
Example: (Beteille, 1965, p. 34, 1974, p. 46)

For group citation by different authors:

(Surname of author, year of publication:
page number (s), repeat all as many times
in the chronological order)
Example: (Brass, 1990, Jodhka, 1994, &

Chattopadhyay, 2001)

Citation of Literature Inside Text

(cont.)

To distinguish different works by the same

author in the same year, use the letters a, b,
c etc.
Example: (Beteille, 1974a, p. 25, 1974b, p. 72)

For repetition of citations from same

source, use (ibid, page number (s))
Example: (ibid, p. 54)

Use et al. when citing a work by more than

two authors but list all of them in the
reference unless it is more than five

Bibliography / References
Bibliography:
Listing of all the materials that have been

consulted during the review of literature for a

research study

Reference:
Listing of those materials that have been

actually referred in the text of the research

report

Procedures of Putting References:

Arrange all the references in alphabetical order

Bibliography / References (cont.)

Authored Book:
Name (s) of Author (s) starting with surname

of first Author. (year of publication). Title of

book. Location: Publisher.
Example:
Beteille, Andre. (1965). Caste, class and
power: Changing patterns of stratification in a
Tanjore village. Berkeley: University of
California Press.

Bibliography / References (cont.)

Edited Book
Name (s) of Editor (s) starting with surname of

first Editor. (Eds.). (year of publication). Title

of book. Location: Publisher.
In case of single editor, replace (Eds.) with (Ed.)

Example:
Bryceson, Deborah, Kay, Cristobal, & Mooij,
Jos. (Eds.). (2000). Disappearing peasantries?
Rural labour in Africa, Asia and Latin
America. London: Intermediate Technology
Publications.

Bibliography / References (cont.)

Chapter in Edited Book
Name (s) of Author (s) starting with surname of

first Author. (year of publication). Title of

chapter. In Name (s) of Editors (Eds.), Title of
book (pp. beginning page-ending page).
Location: Publisher.

In case of single editor, replace (Eds.) with (Ed.)

Example:
Gosal, G.S., & Krishan, G. (1975). Patterns of
internal migration in India. In Leszek A.
Kosinski, & R. Mansell Prothero (Eds.), People
on the move: Studies on internal migration (pp.
193-206). London: Methuen and Co. Ltd.

Bibliography / References (cont.)

Article in Journal / Periodical / Magazine
Name (s) of Author (s) starting with surname

of first Author. (year of publication). Title of

article. Title of Journal / Periodical, Volume
Number(Issue Number), beginning pageending page.
Example:
Panda, Pramil K. (2005). The left behinds:
Women and household management in a male
out-migrated Kalahandi village. Social Action,
55(3), 298-308.

Bibliography / References (cont.)

Internet Web Page
Title of article. Source of access. Web address

(Accessed on date).
Example:
Hypothesis. Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis
(Accessed on 3 October 2012).

Bibliography / References (cont.)

Material Downloaded from Internet
Name (s) of Author (s) starting with surname of

first Author. (year of publication). Title of web

material. Web address (Accessed on date).
Example:
Felluga, Dino. (2003). Guide to critical theory.
http://www.cla.purdue.edu/english/theory
(Accessed on 3 October 2012).

Bibliography / References (cont.)

Unpublished Report / Thesis
Name (s) of Author (s) starting with surname of

first Author. (year of submission). Title of

Report / Thesis (Unpublished Report / Thesis).
Place of Organization / Institution : Name of
Organization / Institution.
Example:
Panda, Pramil Kumar. (2005). Peasantisation of
migrant agricultural labourers in western
Orissa (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis). New Delhi:
Jawaharlal Nehru University.

Bibliography / References (cont.)

Seminar / Conference Paper
Name (s) of Author (s) starting with surname of

first Author. (year of seminar / conference).

Title of the paper. Paper presented at name of
seminar / conference during starting dateending date with month organized by venue.
Example:
Panda, Pramil Kumar. (2005). Agricultural
labour migration in western Orissa. Paper
presented at national seminar on Sociology in
Orissa during 22-23 February organized by the
Department of Sociology, Sambalpur
University, Odisha, India.

Thank You