Traditional Approach in

Teaching Literature
Working through text
Note-taking
Passive recipients
Focus on memorisation rather than appreciation
Teacher centered

Effect of using Traditional

Approach
Students cant
develop their
thinking skills

It may diminished
students
motivation and
interest in literature
class

Students afraid to
express their ideas
and thought

HOW???
?

Learners Response to Drama

Aesthetic Response

Efferent Response

Focus on lived-through
experience
More personal, imagine,
feelings based
Students feeling
Interesting part of the
story

Fact oriented
Focus on information
from the text
Attend to the structure
of language & the
analysis of literary
elements (characters,
setting, style and genre)
Draw conclusion
Generate opinion

 Surely the purpose of

reading literature is more
than the acquisition of a
get-quick rich knowledge
of literature (Louise
Rosenblatt)

Aesthetic and efferent question

and prompt
Aesthetic (more open)
What do you think
about the story

Has anything like this

happened to you? Tell
about it

What would you

change in the story

Efferent (more close)

What was the main
idea of the story

Describe the main

characters Explain the
characters action

How did the author

make the story
believable

Rosenblatts Theory

The readers attention is directed outwards to concepts

that are to be retained, ideas to be tested, and actions to
be performed after reading
(Rosenblatt, L. (1978). The reader, the Text, the Poem:
the Transcational Theory of Literary Work. Illinois: UP

Efferent responses

Focuses on authors development of characterisation, setting, theme,

language and literary devices

Question in efferent response

Explanation

Print and language

Explain a characters
action
What the author mean by
____?

What does this word

say? What does it mean
Tell about how the author
used the language

Content

Analysing

What happened in the

story?
What was the main idea
of the story

Compared and contrast

the story with other
stories

Key words in efferent response

Responding to the structure of language
Identifying the character
Identifying the setting
Identifying the plot
Evaluating literary devices