urine tests-WBCs

total bilirubin

present with infection and inflammation

0.1-1.0
-increase with hemolytic and perniscious anemia, eclampsia
4.5-10.6

White bld cells, WBCs

-inc w. infection, inflammation, stress, tissue necrosis

-dec w/ viral infections, chemo, radiation, NSAIDs
3.5-5.0

albumin

-increased with multimyeloma

-decreased with loss of plasma from burns and malnutrition

urine tests-casts

usually indicate renal/kidney damage, infection or presence of

kidney stones
15-200 units

Amylase

-increase in acute pancreatitis, mumps, carcinoma of the

pancreaous
-decrease w/ chronic pancreatitis, cirrohosis of the liver, acute
alcoholism

urine tests-glucose

increase with diabetes or stress

Activated Partial
20-45 seconds
thromboplastin Time, APTT
-need to monitor if no heparin
or ATT
135-145
Sodium, NA

-inc w/ hemoconcentration, nephritis

dec w/ addisons disease, myxedema
95-105

chloride

-inc w/ nephritis, urinary obsctruction, anemia

-dec w/ diabetes, burns, vomiting

urine tests-ketones

diabetes with elevated bld glucose levels

Creatine phosphokinase,
CPK or CK

male50-325 female50-250

urine tests-RBCs

present with kidney stones, infection, inflammation

International normalizing
ratio, INR

1-2

-inc w/ MI, IM injections, delirium tremors

need to monitor if on coumadin, when it is higher

urine tests-protein

increase with renal/kidney damage, dehydration, strenous

excercise, fever

lactic dehydrogenase

100-225

urine tests-bilirubin

positive with liver disorders

200,000-300,000

platelet count

-inc w/ chronic granulocytic anemia

-dec w/ thrombocytopenia, purpura, during chemotherapy

lipoproteins-total plasma
cholesterol

Creatinine

desired <200
borderline 200-239
high 240
0.7-1.14
-inc w/ nephritis and chronic renal disease
males 42-50% females 40-48%

Hematocrit, Hct

-inc w/ dehydration, hemoconcentration r/t shock

-dec w/ anemias+pregnancy, blood loss

partial thromboplastin time, 70-100% of control

protime, PT
-need to monitor if on coumadin, when it it will me higher
Cholesterol

-inc with diabetes, lipemia, jaundice,

-dec with perniscious anemia, infections, hyperthyroidism

Carcinoembryonic antigen, 0-2.5

CEA
-inc w/ cancer of colon rectum, pancreas and stomach
Erythrocyte sedimentation
rate, ESR or sed rate

males0-9 females 0-20

-inc w/ tissue distruction, pregnancy
10-20

Blood urea nitrogen, BUN -inc with dehydration

-dec with fluid excess, pregnancy
1.8-2.2
magnesium, MG

-inc w/ ingestion of epsom salts

-dec w/ chronic alcoholism, severe renal disease

lipoproteins-low density
lipoproteins(LDL)
cholesterol

desired 130
borderline 130-159
high 160
100-225

lactic dehydrogenase

-inc w/ untreated pernicious anemia, MI, pulmonary infarction,

liver disease
8.5-10.5

Calcium

-inc w/ tumor or hyperplasia of parathyroid, mulimyeloma

-dec w/ diarrhea, malnutrition
males 13-16 females 12-14

hemoglobin, Hgb

-inc w/ polycythemia, COPD, O2 loss becus of CHF, live in high

altitudes
-dec w/ anemias, excess fluid, hemorrhage

lipoproteins-high density
lipoprotein(HDL)
cholesterol

desired >35
fasting60-110 2hrs post prandial 65-140

glucose

-inc w/ diacetes, nephritis, infections, pregnancy, uremia

-dec w/vomiting addisons diseae, hepatic damage

creatinine clearance

100-150 of bld cleared of creatinine/mn

-dec w/ kidney disease
3.5-5.0

potassium, K

-inc w/ addisons disease, oliguria, anuria, hemolysis

-dec w/ diahhrea, vomiting
5,000-10,000

leukocyte count

-inc w/ acute infection, acute leukemia, surgury,trauma

-dec w/ aplastic anemia, toxic agents, shemotherapy
<10 severe malnutrition
10-17 moderate malnutrition

prealbumin

>17 no risk for malnutrition

-short half life so more responsive indicator of malnutrition than
albumin

prostate specific antigen

0-7.2

-increases with age, in response to prostate cancer or prostate

hypertrophy
6.0-8.0
total protein

-inc w/ hemoconcentration shock

-dec w/ malnutrition, hemorrhage, plasma loss from burns
4.2-5.4

Red bld cells, RBCs

-inc w/ hypoxia, dehydration, polycythemia

-dec w/ recent bleeding, kidney probs, illness