C c

C c
Bi:
unknown

Khi qut
C c l lm bc hi nc ca sn phm bng cch un si.
Qu trnh c c c s dng nhiu trong cng nghip hp sn xut c chua c
c, mt, nc qu c c, cc loi soup kh, sa c...

Mc ch
C c nhm mc ch:
- Tng nng cht kh trong sn phm, lm tng sinh nng lng ca thc phm.
- Ko di thi gian bo qun (v hn ch vi sinh vt pht trin do t nc, p sut thm
thu cao).
- Gim c khi lng vn chuyn.

Cc yu t k thut ca qu trnh c c thc phm

Qu trnh c c thc phm c 3 thng s c bn: nhit si, thi gian sn phm lu
li trong thit b (thi gian c c) v cng bc hi.
Nhit si
- Khi tin hnh mt qu trnh c c thc phm ngi ta un nng khi sn phm ti
nhit si. Nc trong sn phm bc hi cho n khi nng cht kh n nng
yu cu th ngng qu trnh c c v cho sn phm ra khi thit b.
- Nhit si ca sn phm ph thuc p sut hi trn b mt, nng cht kh v
tnh cht vt l, ha hc ca sn phm.
Khi p sut hi trn b mt ca sn phm cng thp th nhit si ca sn phm cng
thp. V vy vic to chn khng trong thit b c c s gim c nhit si
1/5

C c

ca sn phm. Hay ni cch khc l iu chnh nhit si bng cch thay i chn
khng.
Bng 2.3. Quan h gia chn khng v nhit si ca nc
chn khng (mmHg) Nhit si ( o C)
0

100

126

95

234

90

326

85

405

80

430

75

526

70

572,5

65

610

60

642

55

667,6

50

690

44,5

(Nguyn Vn Tip v ctv. 2000)

Khi nng cht kh trong sn phm cng ln th nhit si cng cao. Trong qu trnh
c c, nng cht kh tng dn nn nhit si ca sn phm cng tng dn.
Bng 2.4. Quan h gia nng cht kh v nhit si 760 mmHg
Nng cht kh (%) Nhit si 760 mmHg ( o C)
55

102,4

60

103,5

65

104,5

70

105,5

75

107,5

2/5

C c

(Nguyn Vn Tip v ctv. 2000)

- Nhit si thp th tnh cht ca thc phm t b bin i nh sinh t t b tn tht,
mu sc t b bin i, mi thm cng t b bay hi. Nhit si thp cn lm gim tc
n mn v ko di thi gian bn ca vt liu lm thit b c c.
Thi gian c c
- L thi gian lu li ca sn phm trong thit b c c cho s bc hi nc ra khi
nguyn liu t n kh yu cu.
- Thi gian c c ph thuc vo phng php lm vic ca thit b v cng bc
hi ca sn phm. Cc thit b cho nguyn liu vo, sn phm ra lin tc v sn phm
c cng bc hi ln th thi gian lu li ca sn phm trong thit b cng ngn.
Cng bc hi
Cng bc hi ca sn phm ph thuc cng trao i nhit gia hi nng v sn
phm bc hi. Cng trao i nhit c c trng bng h s truyn nhit ca qu
trnh c c. H s truyn nhit cng ln, cng bc hi cng cao.

Bin i ca thc phm trong qu trnh c c

+ Bin i vt l
Thc phm c c l mt h ca nhiu cht ha tan nh ng, acid, mui, cn cha
c cc cht khng tan nh tinh bt, cellulose trng thi huyn ph. Khi c c, dung
mi bay hi, nng cht ha tan tng dn, nhit si, nht, khi lng ring tng,
nhng h s truyn nhit gim, hm lng khng kh cn li trong gian bo v ha tan
trong sn phm cng gim.
+ Bin i ha hc
- Cc loi ng trong rau qu, do chu tc dng ca nhit cao b mt truyn
nhit ca thit b c c, nn b caramel ha. Hin tng caramel ha to ra cc sn
phm c mu en v v ng lm sn phm c cht lng km. nhit 95oC,
ng kh c th b caramel ha. nhit 160oC, qu trnh caramel ha xy ra
mnh. 160oC, saccharose loi 1 phn t nc to ra glucosan v fructosan. 185
190oC, glucosan kt hp vi fructosan to thnh isosaccharosan. Tip tc, 2 phn t
isosaccharosan kt vi nhau, loi 2 phn t nc to thnh caramelan. Caramelan li kt
hp vi isosaccharosan, loi 3 phn t nc to thnh caramelen. Khi nhit tng cao
trn 200oC to thnh caramelin (mt tnh ha tan) S phn ng caramel ha nh sau:

3/5

C c

Hnh v. Qu trnh carmel ha ca ng saccharose

- Hin tng xm mu cn do phn ng gia protein (nhm NH2) v ng kh (nhm
CHO) to cc melanoidin.
- Tinh bt s b h ha. Pectin b phn hy nn gim tnh to ng trong nu mt
- Cc cht thm v cc cht hu c d bay hi s bc theo hi nc lm gim hng v
ca sn phm.
- Hm lng vitamin trong sn phm gim do tc dng ca nhit cao. Do trnh
tn tht vitamin, ta dng thit b c c chn khng.
Gii thiu thit b c c
C c c th dng loi thit b h hoc thit b c chn khng.
+ Thit b c c h (lm vic p sut thng): thng dng nu mt...
+ Thit b c c chn khng: thng dng c c c chua, nc qu...
Thit b c chn khng c loi 1 ni hoc nhiu ni, nhng loi nhiu ni c u
im hn loi mt ni:
- Tit kim hi v dng c hi th v tn tht t hi.
- Cht lng sn phm tt v c c lin tc, nhit si thp, thi gian c nhanh.

4/5

C c

Hnh v: Thit b c c chn khng

5/5