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SinglePhase Induction Motor
SinglePhase Induction Motor
This single-phase
motors are truly twophase machines.
The motor uses a
squirrel cage rotor,
which has a laminated
iron core with slots.
Aluminum bars are
molded on the slots and
short-circuited at both
ends with a ring.
Main winding
+
+
Bars
_
_
Starting winding
Figure 42 Single-phase
induction motor.
Ring to short
circuit the bars
Operating principle
Cross-field theory.
-t
+t
Main winding
Starting winding
T m_start ( s ) :=
3 Irot_t ( s )
Rrot_t
2 nsy
Xsta/2
Forward
rotating field
Vsta
Reverse
rotating field
Rsta/2
Rc/2
Xsta/2
Rsta/2
Rc/2
Xrot/2
Xm/2
Xrot/2
Xm/2
Rrot/2
Ipos
Rrot(1-spos)/(2spos)
Rrot/2
Ineg
Rrot(1-sneg)/(2sneg)
S in = Vsta I
*
sta
Rrot 1 s pos
+ I neg
2
s pos
Rrot 1 s neg
2
s neg
nmax
Pdev_max
400
Pmech_max
W
Pmot_dev( n m) 300
W
Pmech( n rated)
W
200
Operating Point
Stable
Operating
Region
100
0
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
nm
rpm
Starting torque
Two perpendicular coils that have currents 90 outof-phase can generate the necessary rotating
magnetic fields which start the motor.
Centrifugal switch
Main
winding
Starting
winding
Rotor
Centrifugal switch
Main
winding
Starting
winding
Rotor
( )
T sm nm
10
N m
( )
T m nm
Starting winding
is disconnected
N m
( )
T nm
N m
T nom
Figure 51
Torquespeed
characteristic of
a small singlephase induction
motor.
Main winding
generated torque
N m
2
Operating Point
0
500
1000
nm
rpm
1500
Each pole includes a small portion that has a shortcircuited winding. This part of the pole is called the
shaded pole.
Shorted
coil
Shaded
pole
Unshaded
pole
Squirrel cage
rotor
Unshaded
pole
Shaded
pole
Shorted
coil
Main winding
Figure 53
Shaded pole
motor for
household fan.