02 WCDMA RNO RF Optimization

WCDMA RNO
RF Optimization
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Course Contents
Chapter 1 Optimization Phases
Chapter 2 RF Optimization Summary
Chapter 3 RF Analysis Approaches
Chapter 4 Antenna Adjustment Example
Chapter 5 Drop Call Analysis Example
Page 2
Network Optimization Phases

Flow Chart
New Site
Integrated
RF Optimization
Y
Service Test and

Parameter Optimization
N
Single Site Verification
Y
Regular Reference Route
Testing and Stats Analysis
N
Cluster of Sites
Ready?
Re-optimization
Needed?
Page 3
Network Optimization Phases Step 1

Single Site Verification

To verify the functionality of every new site.
Objectives
To ensure there are no faults related to hardware

installation or parameter settings.
Page 4

RF Optimization
Once most the sites in a given area are integrated and

verified, RF (or Cluster) optimization could begin.
Objectives
To optimize coverage while in the same time keeping

interference and pilot pollution under control over the
target area. This phase also includes the verification and
optimization of the 3G neighbor lists.
Page 5

Services Testing & Parameters Optimization

To be conducted in areas of good RF conditions in order

to exclude any coverage issues. Such testing does not
need to be performed for each cell but the drive route
must include different clutter types and environments.
Objectives
To assess the performance and identify any need for

specific parameter optimization.
Page 6

Regular Reference Route Testing & Stats Analysis

Constant monitoring and evaluation of the network

performance can be based on drive test as well as traffic
statistic analysis.
Results of the regular analysis may necessitate re-visits

to the RF optimization and/or parameters tuning.
Objectives
To identify any new issues that could arise, for example,

as a result of increase in traffic or changes in the
environment.
Page 7
Course Contents
Page 8
RF Optimization - Preparation
Clutters
RF optimization should be carried out for groups or clusters of

sites rather than on single site basis, because the cells
performance (capacity, coverage and quality) will influence each
other.
Cluster division in a project

Page 9
Drive Routes
Cluster drive surveys should include the coverage areas of each cell
and all the major roads and streets as well as any other important
locations.
Page 10
Tools
DTI or Agilent scanner
Huawei 120e, Qualcomm UE, etc
Huawei Genex Assistant or Actix Analyzer
GPS
*Support
WCDMA
1800/1900/2100M
GARMIN Series
GPS
Qualcomm
TM6250/ 6275
Trimble Series
GPS
AT Command
Supported
Mobile
DTI Scanner
(Built-in GPS)
Page 11
Huawei
WCDMA/HSDPA
Data card
Anritsu
Scanner
RF Optimization - Targets
Item
Requirements
Target
- 85 dBm
CPICH RSCP
Minimum
-95 dBm
Target
-8 dB
CPICH Ec/Io
(estimated)
Corresponds to outdoor
measurements.
Applicable for unloaded network.

Minimum
Active Set size
Comments
Target
Max %
- 14 dB
3
< 10 %
Based on scanner data.

% of time a cell is seen as a pilot
polluter.
Pilot pollution
Threshold
UE Tx power
Max
SHO Success rate
Target
8 dB
<15 dBm
>95 %
Relative to best server when cell

is not in Active Set.
Assuming 21 dBm max.
For e1a, e1b & e1c
Page 12
RF Optimization Flow Chart

Drive
Drive Test
Test
Identify
Identify any
any RF
RF Issues
Issues
Identify
Identify candidate
candidate
cells
cells for
for changes
changes
Identify
Identify nature
nature of
of
required
required changes
changes
Implement
Implement changes
changes
Repeat
Repeat Drive
Drive Test
Test
Problem
Problem Resolved?
Resolved?
Y
Finish
Finish
Page 13
Determine
Determine amount
amount
of
of changes
changes
RF Optimization - Solutions
Antenna down tilt
Antenna azimuth
Antenna location
Antenna height
Antenna type
Site location
New site
Page 14
Course Contents
Page 15
RF Analysis Approaches Cell Dominance

Cells with no dominance at all

A site was not radiating during the drive survey
Very poor dominance can also be caused by blocking of the

antenna. So a site visit must be made to verify the antenna
clearance.
Cells with either excessive or poor dominance

This could be due to a high site or non-optimum antenna down tilts.
Cells with too large dominance will be causing interference to

adjacent cells resulting in poorer quality and capacity.
Page 16
RF Analysis Approaches Cell Dominance

Areas of non-dominance:
Areas where there is not a single clear dominant cell and

where the best server changes too frequently.
Result: Excessive number of soft hand off events reducing

the system efficiency and increasing the probability of call
drops.
UE vs. Scanner Best Serving Cells:

Comparison between the UE and scanner SC plots.

Significant differences between the plots may indicate a
missing neighbor or failed soft handoff problem.
Page 17
RF Analysis Approaches Cell

Dominance
Page 18
RF Analysis Approaches CPICH

Coverage
Check areas of poor coverage, suggestion value as

below:
Good: RSCP -85 dBm
Fair:
Poor: RSCP < - 95 dBm
-95 dBm RSCP < -85 dBm
Examine the RSCP coverage on per cell bases in order

to highlight any cells that have too large a footprint.
Page 19
RF Analysis Approaches CPICH

Coverage
Page 20
RF Analysis Approaches
Interference
CPICH Ec/Io Plot

Good: Ec/Io -8 dB
Fair: -14 dB Ec/Io < -8 dB
Poor: Ec/Io < - 14 dB
The -8 dB threshold takes into account the expected future interference

increase as a result of increased traffic.
Page 21
Interference
-90
-14
-15
Whats the
problem?
-95
-15.5
-100
-16
-104
-17
-105
-18
-110
-19
-115
-120
-20
Ec/Io
RSCP
Because
Becausethe
theRSCP
RSCPLevel
LevelisisPOOR,
POOR,
the
thefundamental
fundamentalcause
causeofof low
lowEc/Io
Ec/Ioisis
POOR
POORCOVERAGE
COVERAGE
Page 22
Interference
-14
-15
-63
-60
-65
-15.5
-16
-70
-17
-75
-18
-80
-19
-85
Whats the
problem?
-90
-20
Ec/Io
RSCP
RSCP
RSCPlevel
levelisisGOOD,
GOOD,this
thiswill
willimply
imply
strong
strongSYSTEM
SYSTEMINTERFERENCE
INTERFERENCE
Page 23
Interference
Page 24
RF Analysis Approaches UL
Coverage
Uplink Coverage (UE Tx Power)

High UE Tx power means possible poor uplink coverage.
Areas of high Tx power should be compared to the CPICH

pilots to verify if the problem only exists on the uplink.
Page 25
RF Analysis Approaches UL
Coverage
Page 26
RF Analysis Approaches Pilot

Pollution
Definition of Pilot Pollution:

Within a certain margin (which is called ThRSCP_Relative) to the

best server, and all the pilots should be > -100dBm
The pilot number (whose strength > best server strength

ThRSCP_Relative) > ThN (ThN means active set size, normally 3)
Cells which are frequently seen as polluters (e.g. >8% time)

should be marked and investigated.
Pilot Pollution results should be used in conjunction with the

Estimated Active Set Size
Page 27

Pollution
-60
RSCP (dBm)
-65
Margin
-70
-75
-62
-64
-66
-68
-80
-69
-85
-81
-90
SC1
SC2
Active Set
SC3
SC4
SC5
Pilot Pollution
SC6
Not
Pilot Pollution
ThRSCP_Relative was set 8 dB here

Page 28

Pollution
SC
8
9
10
11
12
13
16
17
18
19
20
21
32
35
37
43
48
53
67
80
130
Count
206
165
157
156
148
135
95
94
76
74
73
56
54
39
33
19
8
7
3
2
2
% in Pollution Set
12.9%
10.3%
9.8%
9.7%
9.2%
8.4%
5.9%
5.9%
4.7%
4.6%
4.6%
3.5%
3.4%
2.4%
2.1%
1.2%
0.5%
0.4%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
Should be investigated
Page 29

Pollution
Estimated Active Set Size

Another useful measure of pilot pollution is by looking at the

estimated active set based on the scanner data. This plot is
obtained by modeling the network soft handoff parameters
within Post process tool.
In order to see areas of excessive SHO candidates, the

estimated active set size is allowed to exceed maximum of 3.
This can be done in conjunction with the Pilot pollution

analysis.
Page 30

Pollution
Estimated Active Set Size Example
Page 31
RF Analysis Approaches Neighbor List

Neighbor List Verification

The neighbor list could be verified and optimized using the

Neighbor List Verification tool within Actix.
Recommendations for Each Cell:

Retain: This indicates that those neighbors have been

confirmed from the drive survey data.
Add: Missing neighbors
Remove: These neighbors that were not measured but are

inCareful
the neighbor
list. is needed prior to removing neighbours
consideration
since the Actix results are drive route dependent.
Page 32
RF Analysis Approaches Neighbor List

Neighbor List Verification Example
SC
Cell
Site
Latitude
Longitude
009
70548
Ajman Central
25.41204
55.447
Sample
Sample
Action Nbr SC
Count
Count
576
Retain
Retain
Retain
Retain
Retain
Add
Retain
Retain
Retain
Retain
Retain
Remove
Remove
Remove
Remove
Remove
Remove
Page 33
018
010
016
032
011
130
021
008
020
012
017
053
019
034
037
013
051
82
46
31
20
18
17
17
12
6
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
%
14.2%
8.0%
5.4%
3.5%
3.1%
3.0%
3.0%
2.1%
1.0%
0.9%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
RF Analysis Approaches SHO

UE SHO Performance
The success rates for event 1a, 1b & 1c and can

be obtained from Post process tool
Number of Active Set Updates
Event
Count
Event 1a - Cell Addition
328
Event 1b - Cell Removal
306
Event 1c - Cell Replacement
64
Number of Active Set Update Completes

Event
Count
326
305
62
Soft-Handover Success Rate

Event
Rate
99.4
99.7
96.9
Page 34
RF Analysis Approaches Drop Call

Drop Call Analysis - RF related issues :

Poor coverage (RSCP & Ec/Io)
High interference and hence poor Ec/Io
Poor uplink coverage (insufficient UE Tx power)
Poor dominance (best cell changes too frequently

resulting in too many SHO events)
Pilot pollution (too many cells present)
Missing neighbors
Fast change of RF conditions (e.g. turning a corner)
Page 35

Drop Call Analysis Example 1

RSCP & Ec/Io degrades
BOTH for scanner and UE
Check for Coverage problems
Call Drop
Page 36

Ec/Io
Ec/Io(and
(andRSCP)
RSCP)degrades
degradesfor
forUE
UEONLY
ONLY
while
whilescanner
scannershows
showsno
nodegradation
degradation
UE
UEcamp
campon
onnew
newcell
cellimmediately
immediately
after
afterdrop,
drop,and
andUE
UEdid
didnot
not
measure
measurethis
thiscell
cellbefore
beforeDrop
Drop
Call Drop
Check
Checkthe
theNeighbor
Neighbor
Page 37


Too
Toomany
manyand
andtoo
tooquick
quickchanges
changes
ofofbest
bestserver
server
UE
UEto
toperform
performmeasurements
measurements
and
andSHO
SHOinintime
timedifficultly
difficultly
PingPong
PingPongHandover,
Handover,need
needto
to
improve
improvecell
celldominance
dominance
Call Drop
Page 38
Course Contents
Page 39
Antenna Adjustment Example

RSCP Coverage before Adjustment
Page 40

RSCP Coverage after

Adjustment
Page 41

RSCP Distribution
CPICH RSCP Distribution
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
0.00%
o
5t
0
1
-
-9 5
-9
85
ot
5
31.04%
30.27%
25.98%
18.65%
0.02%
5.00%
1.44%
10.00%
5.47%
20.31%
15.00%
29.33%
20.00%
37.48%
25.00%
-8
75
ot
5
Before Adjustment
-7
65
ot
5
After Adjustment
Page 42
>
-65

Down Tilt from 4 to 6 Result
Page 43

Down Tilt from 4 to 8 Result
Page 44
Course Contents
Page 45
Drop Call Analysis Example

Drop Call Distribution
Page 46

There are total 5 drop calls in the plot.
The example of drop call 1 is analyzed to show the

process of analysis in the following.
Drop call 1 occurred at an area of frequent change of

best server as shown by the scanner scrambling code
plot
Page 47

CPICH RSCP and Ec/Io before the Call Drop
Page 48
Compare Ec/Io from both scanner and UE at the time of the

drop as shown in Figure. This clearly shows the UE Ec/Io to
drop to < -21 dB while the scanner remained above -11 dB.
Page 49

Best server before and after the Call Drop
Page 50

Comparing the best servers from the UE and the scanner

at the time of drop:
Drop Call 1 (UE vs. scanner best server) shows that for the
scanner and UE SC008 is the best server prior to the drop.
However, about 30 seconds before the drop, the scanner
selected SC018 as the best server while the UE continued
to have only SC009 in its active set resulting in the drop call.
Immediately after the drop, the UE camps on SC018.
Page 51

UE Active Set and Monitor Set Before and After the Call
Drop
Page 52

Conclusion
Examining the UE Active and Monitored set, Figure does not

show SC018 to be measured by the UE prior to the drop.
This scenario resembles a missing neighbor problem
Page 53

Coverage of Drop Call Point
Page 54

Solution:
Looking at drop call Figure clearly shows that at the location

of the drop, SC018 should not be the best server.
Cell SC018 clearly requires some down tilting to control its

interference into the area of Drop 1. To illustrate this,
RSCP coverage of SC018 shows clearly that the cells is
extending into a large area. E.g. around the location of drop
call, SC018 RSCP is > -75dBm.
Add the Missing Neighbors
Page 55
Thank you
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WCDMA RNO

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Network Optimization Phases

Service Test and

Single Site Verification

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Network Optimization Phases Step 1

Single Site Verification

To verify the functionality of every new site.

To ensure there are no faults related to hardware

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Network Optimization Phases Step 2

Once most the sites in a given area are integrated and

To optimize coverage while in the same time keeping

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Network Optimization Phases Step 3

Services Testing & Parameters Optimization

To be conducted in areas of good RF conditions in order

To assess the performance and identify any need for

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Network Optimization Phases Step 4

Regular Reference Route Testing & Stats Analysis

Constant monitoring and evaluation of the network

Results of the regular analysis may necessitate re-visits

To identify any new issues that could arise, for example,

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

RF optimization should be carried out for groups or clusters of

Cluster division in a project

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

DTI or Agilent scanner

Huawei 120e, Qualcomm UE, etc

Huawei Genex Assistant or Actix Analyzer

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Applicable for unloaded network.

Active Set size

Based on scanner data.

SHO Success rate

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Relative to best server when cell

RF Optimization Flow Chart

Antenna down tilt

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

RF Analysis Approaches Cell Dominance

Cells with no dominance at all

A site was not radiating during the drive survey

Very poor dominance can also be caused by blocking of the

Cells with either excessive or poor dominance

This could be due to a high site or non-optimum antenna down tilts.

Cells with too large dominance will be causing interference to

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

RF Analysis Approaches Cell Dominance

Areas where there is not a single clear dominant cell and

Result: Excessive number of soft hand off events reducing

UE vs. Scanner Best Serving Cells:

Comparison between the UE and scanner SC plots.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

RF Analysis Approaches Cell

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

RF Analysis Approaches CPICH

Check areas of poor coverage, suggestion value as

Good: RSCP -85 dBm